Indigo Class 12 animation in English
Summary
TLDRThis script recounts Mahatma Gandhi's involvement in the 1917 Champaran movement, which marked his first active role in India's struggle for independence. It begins with Gandhi meeting a peasant, Rajkumar Shukla, who requests his help against the oppressive landlord system in Bihar. Through civil disobedience and non-violent protest, Gandhi investigates the peasants' plight and confronts British authorities, leading to a partial victory where landlords refund the sharecroppers. This event highlights Gandhi's commitment to justice, self-reliance, and his emerging leadership in India's independence movement.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Gandhi's decision to urge the British to leave India was influenced by a visit from Rajkumar Shukla, a peasant from Champaran, in 1917.
- 🚜 The peasants in Champaran were sharecroppers forced to plant indigo on 15% of their land, giving the entire harvest to landlords as rent.
- 📜 Rajkumar Shukla sought Gandhi's help to fight the injustice of the landlord system, leading Gandhi to investigate the situation in Champaran.
- 💪 Gandhi's involvement sparked a movement of civil disobedience, focused on freeing peasants from the fear of the landlords and British authorities.
- ⚖️ The local British officials tried to intimidate Gandhi, but he refused to leave and was eventually ordered to appear in court, where he continued his nonviolent resistance.
- 🤝 Gandhi's stance inspired local lawyers and peasants to support him, marking a pivotal moment in the Champaran movement and building a sense of unity and self-reliance.
- 📝 Gandhi led an investigation into the peasants' complaints, gathering evidence and pushing the British landlords to agree to partial refunds for their exploitation.
- 🎉 The Champaran movement was the first significant victory for civil disobedience in India, leading to the eventual abolition of the indigo sharecropping system.
- 🏫 Gandhi also focused on improving social and cultural conditions in Champaran, setting up schools and health initiatives for the villagers.
- 🇮🇳 The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhi's life and his mission to empower ordinary Indians, aligning day-to-day issues with the broader fight for independence.
Q & A
Who first approached Gandhi in 1917 and what was his request?
-Rajkumar Shukla, a peasant from Champaran, approached Gandhi in 1917, requesting him to visit Champaran to address the injustices faced by the local sharecroppers.
What was the main issue the peasants in Champaran were facing?
-The peasants were forced to grow indigo on a portion of their land and give the entire indigo harvest to their British landlords as rent, even though synthetic indigo had been developed, making natural indigo less profitable.
How did Gandhi first investigate the conditions in Champaran?
-Gandhi visited several officials, including the British landlords' association and the commissioner of the Tirhut Division, but they refused to give him information. He then began conducting investigations by meeting local peasants and lawyers.
What action did the British authorities take when Gandhi started his investigations?
-The British authorities served Gandhi a notice to leave Champaran, which he refused to obey. As a result, he was ordered to appear in court.
How did Gandhi respond to the court's order to leave Champaran?
-Gandhi disobeyed the order to leave Champaran, stating that his duty to serve the peasants was more important than respecting an unjust law. He was prepared to face imprisonment for his actions.
What was the significance of the lawyers' support for Gandhi during the Champaran movement?
-Initially, the local lawyers were hesitant to continue without Gandhi. However, after discussions, they decided to support him and were willing to go to jail with him, showing solidarity and commitment to the cause of the peasants.
What was the outcome of the official inquiry into the sharecroppers' situation in Champaran?
-The inquiry gathered substantial evidence of the injustices faced by the peasants, leading the British landlords to agree to refund a portion of the money they had extracted from the sharecroppers.
Why did Gandhi accept a 25% refund from the landlords, instead of demanding the full amount?
-Gandhi accepted the 25% refund as a symbolic victory, recognizing that the important achievement was forcing the landlords to surrender part of their wealth and honor, thus empowering the peasants.
What broader impact did the Champaran movement have on the peasants and British landlords?
-The Champaran movement led to the eventual abandonment of the estates by the British landlords, and the land was returned to the peasants, ending the indigo sharecropping system.
How did Gandhi's methods in Champaran reflect his broader philosophy?
-Gandhi's methods combined political action with addressing the day-to-day problems of the peasants. He emphasized self-reliance and solving practical issues, which aligned with his vision for Indian independence and empowerment.
Outlines
🌱 Gandhi's First Encounter with Champaran Peasants
In 1917, Gandhi was approached by Raj Kumar Shukla, a peasant from Champaran, at the Indian National Congress meeting. Rajkumar requested Gandhi to visit Champaran, a region where peasants were exploited under a sharecropping system. Despite his initial commitments, Gandhi eventually agreed to visit the district, impressed by Shukla's persistence. On arriving, he witnessed the severe conditions of the peasants, who were forced to grow indigo for British landlords and faced harsh treatment if they resisted. Gandhi’s journey to Champaran, accompanied by Shukla, marked the beginning of a pivotal struggle for justice in India.
👮 Gandhi Faces Opposition and Stands Firm
Upon arriving in Champaran, Gandhi encountered resistance from both landlords and British authorities. The British commissioner advised him to leave the area, but Gandhi refused and continued his investigation into the peasants' plight. He was eventually served a court notice, but thousands of peasants demonstrated in his support, marking the start of their liberation from fear. In court, Gandhi justified his disobedience, stating it was driven by a higher duty to seek justice for the oppressed. Despite being ordered to leave, Gandhi's refusal and the peasants' support led to his temporary release without bail.
📜 Civil Disobedience Triumphs in Champaran
Gandhi’s investigation gathered substantial evidence against the landlords, which prompted the British government to establish a commission of inquiry. The landlords, realizing the gravity of the situation, agreed to refund 25% of the money they had extorted from the peasants. While the monetary settlement was smaller than expected, it symbolized the landlords' surrender and the peasants' newfound rights. Gandhi’s prolonged stay in Champaran also led to social reforms in education, health, and sanitation. His pragmatic approach ensured that the peasants not only received economic relief but also began to rebuild their dignity and independence.
💪 Self-Reliance and Indian Independence
During the Champaran movement, C.F. Andrews, an English pacifist and Gandhi's follower, offered to stay and assist. However, Gandhi rejected the offer, insisting that the movement should be won through Indian self-reliance, not with the help of an Englishman. He taught his colleagues the importance of self-reliance, explaining that their cause was just and could not rely on outside support. Gandhi’s emphasis on self-sufficiency was intertwined with his broader vision for Indian independence and the empowerment of the peasants.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Champaran
💡Sharecropping
💡Civil Disobedience
💡Rajkumar Shukla
💡Indigo
💡Landlord System
💡Satyagraha
💡British Landlords Association
💡Commission of Inquiry
💡Self-reliance
Highlights
Gandhi's decision to urge British departure started in 1917 after a peasant named Rajkumar Shukla requested his help in Champaran.
The peasants of Champaran were sharecroppers, forced to grow indigo on a portion of their land and pay rent with their harvest.
Gandhi's visit to Champaran was spurred by Rajkumar Shukla’s persistence, and Gandhi stayed in the region for nearly a year investigating conditions.
Gandhi's investigation into the injustice faced by the peasants led him to civil disobedience, refusing to obey an order to leave Champaran.
The British landlords had begun demanding compensation from peasants after synthetic indigo made cultivation unprofitable.
Gandhi’s approach was to gather facts, meeting with the British landlords' association and local British officials.
During Gandhi's investigation, he was prohibited from drawing water from wells due to fear that he might pollute them, reflecting the caste and untouchability issues of the time.
Gandhi’s disobedience in Champaran became a landmark case of civil disobedience in India, where thousands of peasants demonstrated in support of him.
Gandhi accepted responsibility for breaking the law, stating that he disobeyed the British order out of a higher moral duty to the peasants.
The lieutenant governor dropped the charges against Gandhi, marking a victory for civil disobedience in modern India.
Gandhi and a team of lawyers gathered evidence from 10,000 peasants, documenting the landlords’ exploitation.
The landlords were forced to refund a portion of the money they had taken from the peasants, a significant moral victory.
Gandhi’s mission in Champaran extended beyond economic justice, as he also focused on the peasants’ education, health, and social conditions.
The Champaran episode was pivotal in Gandhi’s journey, demonstrating his method of combining politics with practical, local issues.
Gandhi emphasized self-reliance and independence, refusing to let an Englishman, C.F. Andrews, stay in Champaran to assist, to ensure the movement was Indian-led.
Transcripts
when I first visited Gandhi in 1942 at
his asham in seam he said I will tell
you how it happened that I decided to
urge the departure of the British it was
in
1917 he had gone to the December 1916
annual meeting of the Indian National
Congress in LNO there were
2,31 representatives and many visitors a
peasant came up to me he said I am R
Kumar shuk I am from champan and I want
you to come to my district gandi had
never heard of that place it was in the
foothills of the Himalayas at that time
the champ peasants were
sharecroppers means they got only a
share of the crops Rajkumar was one of
them he was illiterate but
determined he had come to the Congress
session
to complain about the Injustice of the
landlord system in Bihar and somebody
probably had suggested him to go to
gandi rkumar I have an appointment in
kour and I also have to go to other
parts of India I'll accompany you the
peasant accompanied him
everywhere at last Gandhi returned to
the ashram near aabad Rajkumar followed
him to his
asham for weeks he stayed there there
fix a dates Gandhi was impressed by his
determination I have to be in Kolkata on
such an such a date come and meet me and
take me from there months passed when
Gandhi arrived at the appointment in
Kolkata he waited till Gandhi was free
then they both boarded a train for the
city of PNA in bhar there Rajkumar led
him to the house of a lawyer named
rendra Prasad
yes the one who later became the first
President of India he was out of the
town but the servants knew Rajkumar as a
poor landlord who Disturbed regen Prasad
to help the Indigo Sher cers so they let
him and His companion Gandhi to stay
there but they thought of Gandhi to be
another peasant Gandhi was not permitted
to draw water from the well they didn't
know if he was untouched able or not if
he were some drops from his bucket could
pollute the entire
Source Gandhi decided to go to mus farer
which was on the way to chaerin to
obtain more complete information about
the conditions he sent a telegram to
Professor J B creeper Laney of the arts
college in muf farer the train reached
at
midnight on the 15th of April
1917 at the station creep elany was
standing with a large group of boys
Gandhi stayed there for 2 days
where in the home of Professor malani a
teacher in a government school it was an
extraordinary thing in those days for a
government Professor to give shelter to
a man like me but Professor morinii let
me stay the news of Gandhi's arrival
spread quickly through mus farer and
also to cherin sharecroppers from cherin
and lawyers of M farer met him the
lawyers frequently fought cases in the
court for the peasants they told him
about their cases and reported the size
of their fee you shouldn't collect such
big fee from the sharecroppers I have
come to the conclusion that we should
stop going Law Courts taking such cases
to the Law Courts does no good where the
peasants are so crushed and fear
stricken Law Courts are useless the real
relief for them is to be free from
Fear the crop land in chaperon was
divided into large Estates owned by
English men and worked by Indian
peasants the chief commercial crop was
Indigo the landlords forced them to
plant 3 20ths of their land that is 15 %
of their land with Indigo and give all
the Indigo Harvest as
rent then the landlords came to know
that Germany had developed synthetic
Indigo Indigo Plantation was not
profitable anymore now the peasants had
to pay them compensation for being
released from the 15% system the Sherry
cropping Arrangement was Troublesome to
The Peasants still many agreed those who
opposed were tortured by thugs hired by
the
landlords meanwhile the information
about synthetic Indigo reached
illiterate peasants now they wanted
their money back at this point Gandhi
arrived in chaerin he began by trying to
get the
facts first he visited the secretary of
the British landlords Association we
can't give information to an outsider I
am not an out cider next he went to the
British official commissioner of the
tiar Hut Division Chapin District laid
in the tear Hut Division the
commissioner began to frighten me and
advised me to leave the Hut he didn't
leave instead he proceeded to modari the
capital of
cherin at the station a huge crowd
greeted him he went to a house and using
it as headquarters continued his
investigations a report came in that a
peasant had been maltreated in a village
nearby Gandhi decided to go and
see the next morning he started out on
the back of an elephant on the way a
messenger of the Police Superintendent
ordered him to return to his town Gandhi
obeyed he was served a notice to leave
cherin immediately Gandhi signed a
receip for the notice and wrote on it
that he would disobey the order because
of this Gandhi received a Court's order
to appear in the court next day all
night he remained awake he telegraphed
rendra to come with his influential
friends he sent instructions to the
ashram he wired a full report to the
vicroy the next morning thousands of
peasants demonstrated to support Gandhi
their demonstration around the
courthouse was the beginning of their
Liberation from Fear of the British the
officials felt
helpless Gandhi helped to control the
crowd he was polite and friendly the
government was baffled the government's
Advocate requested the judge to postpone
the trial Gandhi protested against the
delay he made the statement I was
involved in a conflict of duties
on one hand I had the duty not to set a
bad example as a law breaker on the
other hand I had the duty to do the
Humane and national service for which I
had come to fight for justice of the
sharecroppers I disobeyed the order to
leave champaran not because of lack of
respect for lawful Authority but to obey
the higher law of our being the voice of
in a being I accept my fault I will
pronounce the sentence after a 2-hour
recess you have to present your bail for
those 2 hours bail means security for
release I can't give any bail the judge
released him without a bail when the
court was reconvened after 2 hours he
said I will not deliver any judgment for
some days for that period Gandhi will
remain in Liberty rendra Bri Babu Maan
asaru and several other lawyers had
arrived
they discussed with Gandhi what would
you do if I were sentenced to prison the
senior lawyer said we had come to advise
and help you if you went to jail there
would be nobody to advise and we would
go home what about the Injustice to the
shoers after the consultations regener
concluded they thought amongst
themselves that gandi was totally a
stranger he was prepared to go to prison
for the sake of peasants they are being
not only residents of the nearby
districts but also those have claimed to
help the peasants if they should go home
it would be a shameful leaving they all
went back to Gandhi and told him that if
he would be sentenced to prison in the
next trial they were ready to follow him
into jail seeing their cooperation he
exclaimed the Battle of champaran is won
he took a piece of paper and divided the
group into Pairs and put down the
arrangement in which each pair would
surrender in the court several days
later Gandhi received a letter from the
magistrate informing him that the
lieutenant governor had ordered the case
to be dropped Civil Disobedience had
triumphed first time in Modern India now
Gandhi and the lawyers began to conduct
investigation into the complaints of the
peasants evidences by about 10,000
peasants were written
down documents were collected the whole
area trembled by the activity of
investigators and violent protests of
the landlords in June Gandhi was
summoned to Sir Edward gate the
lieutenant governor summon means to
order to be present before going to him
Gandhi met the leading Companions and
again detailed plans for civil
disobedience if he shouldn't return
there he had four interviews with the
lieutenant governor as a result the
lieutenant governor appointed an
official Commission of inquiry into the
Indigo sherer's situation the commission
consisted of landlords government
officials and Gandhi as the only
representative of the peasants he
remained in chaperon for straight 7
months and then again for some shorter
visits the visit undertaken casually
because of the request of a peasant in
the expectation that it would last a few
days occupied almost a year of Gandhi's
life the official inquiry collected a
mountain of evidence against the big
landlords when they saw this they agreed
to make refunds to The Peasants but how
much must we
pay they thought he would demand
repayment in full of the money which
they had illegally and forcefully taken
from the Sher robers 50% Jay Z HJ a
British missionary wrote on this event
there Gandhi seemed fixed thinking that
he would not surrender the
representative of the landlords offered
to return to the extent of 25% and to
his amazement Mr Gandhi agreed thus
breaking the confusion the amount of
refund is less important and the fact
that the landlords were forced to
surrender part of their money and with
it part of their honor therefore as far
as the peasants are concerned the
landlords have behaved as Lords above
law now the peasant can see that he have
rights he has learned courage events
proved Gandhi's position within a few
years the British landlords abandoned
their Estates which were given back to
the
peasants Indigo Sherry cropping
disappeared Gandhi Never Satisfied
himself with large political or economic
Solutions he saw the cultural and social
backwardness in The cherine Villages and
wanted to do something immediately MF
Desai and narhari peric two young men
who had just joined gandi as disciples
with their wives offered for the work
several more came from Bombay Puna and
other parts Gandhi's wife castra by with
her son dadas also arrived from the
ashram primary schools were opened in
six
Villages Caster by taught the ashram
rules on personal cleanliness and
Community sanitation health conditions
were miserable Gandhi got a doctor to
provide services for 6 months three
medicines were available castor oil
quinine and sulfur ointment anybody who
showed a coated tongue was given castor
oil anybody body with malaria fever was
given Quine plus castor oil anybody with
skin rashes was given sulfur ointment
plus castor oil Gandhi noticed the dirty
state of women's
clothes he asked cter by to talk to them
about it one woman took her into her Hut
and said look there is no box or covered
here for clothes the S I'm wearing is
the only one I have during his long stay
in chaerin Gandhi kept a remote watch on
his
ashram he sent regular instructions and
asked for financial accounts once he
wrote to the residents that it was time
to fill in the old latrine gutters and
dig new ones otherwise the old ones
would begin to smell bad the chaerin
episode was a turning point in Gandhi's
life what I did was a very ordinary
thing I declared said that the British
could not order me about in my own
country chapon did not begin as an act
of Disobedience rather it grew out of an
effort to remove the trouble of large
numbers of poor peasants this was the
typical Gandhi method his politics were
mixed up with the Practical day-to-day
problems of the millions he was not a
loyalty to imaginary things he was loyal
to living human beings in everything he
did he tried to make a new free Indian
who could stand on his own feet and thus
make India free early in chaper in
action CF Andrews the English pacifist
pacifist means one who was against Wars
who had become his follower came to meet
Gandhi before going to the Fiji
islands Gandhi's lawyer friends thought
it would be a good idea for Andrews to
stay in chapon and help them Andrews was
willing if Gandhi agreed but Gandhi
opposed he said to the lawyers you think
in this unequal fight it will be helpful
if we have an Englishman on our side
this shows the weakness of your heart
the cause is fair and you must rely on
yourself to win the battle you must not
see a support in Mr Andrews because he
is an Englishman regend prid comments he
had read out Minds correctly and we had
no reply Gandy in this way taught us a
lesson in self-reliance self-reliance
Indian independence and help to sheriff
robers were all bound together
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