Animal Classification | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool

Summary

This educational video delves into the animal kingdom, highlighting its classification into over 30 phyla with a focus on the five main ones: Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata. It distinguishes between vertebrates and invertebrates, using mnemonics like 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes' and 'FMER Bob ate Mite rolls' to aid memory. The video clarifies that all vertebrates belong to the Chordata phylum, explaining characteristics of major vertebrate classes: fish, birds, amphibians, mammals, and reptiles. It also explores arthropods, emphasizing their exoskeleton and jointed legs, and differentiates between insects and arachnids, providing a comprehensive overview of animal classification.

Takeaways

• 🐛 All living things are categorized into five kingdoms, with the animal kingdom being one of them.
• 🔎 Before diving into the animal kingdom, it's helpful to understand the taxonomic ranks: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
• 🌐 There are over 7.5 million species of animals on Earth, with 900,000 of them described.
• 📚 Animals are classified into over 30 phyla, with the five main ones being Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata.
• 📝 An acronym to remember these five main phyla is 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes', which stands for Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata.
• 🦴 A key distinction in the animal kingdom is whether animals have a backbone or not, classifying them as vertebrates or invertebrates.
• 🐟 Vertebrates are further divided into five well-known classes: Fish, Birds, Amphibians, Mammals, and Reptiles, which can be remembered by 'FMER Bob ate Mite rolls'.
• 🐇 Mammals are a class of vertebrates characterized by having fur or hair, feeding their young with milk, and being warm-blooded.
• 🕷️ Arthropods, one of the main phyla, are diverse and include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans, all having an exoskeleton and jointed legs.
• 🦎 Reptiles and amphibians can be confusing, but a key difference is that reptiles have scaly skin, breathe air, and usually live on land, while amphibians start in water and breathe with gills before developing lungs as they mature.

Q & A

How many kingdoms are living things grouped into?

Living things are grouped into five kingdoms.

What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

It is estimated that there are over 7.5 million species of animals on Earth.

How many of these animal species have been described?

Approximately 900,000 animal species have been described.

What are the nine most common phyla within the animal kingdom?

The script does not specify the nine most common phyla, but it mentions the five main ones: Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata.

What is the acronym to remember the five main animal phyla?

The acronym to remember the five main animal phyla is 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes' which stands for Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata.

What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.

What is a helpful mnemonic to remember the main classes of vertebrates?

The mnemonic to remember the main classes of vertebrates is 'FMER Bob ate Mite rolls', which stands for Fish, Mammals, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds.

What characteristic defines mammals among vertebrates?

Mammals are defined by having fur or hair, feeding their young on milk, and being warm-blooded.

How can you tell the difference between reptiles and amphibians?

Reptiles have scaly skin, breathe air, and usually live on land, while amphibians start in water, breathe with gills, and as they grow, they develop lungs and live on land.

What is the relationship between the phylum Chordata and vertebrates?

All vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata, but not all members of Chordata are vertebrates.

What are some of the characteristics that define the five common classes of vertebrates?

Each class has different characteristics: fish are aquatic, birds have feathers, amphibians can live both in water and on land, mammals have fur or hair and are warm-blooded, and reptiles are cold-blooded and have scaly skin.

Outlines

00:00

🐘 Classification of the Animal Kingdom

This video script introduces the classification of living organisms, focusing on the animal kingdom. It mentions that there are over 7.5 million species of animals on Earth, with 900,000 described. These are categorized into over 30 phyla, with the nine most common ones being arthropods, annelids, mollusks, nematodes, chordates, and others. The script uses the acronym 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes' to help remember the main animal phyla. It also distinguishes between vertebrates (with backbones) and invertebrates, using the mnemonic 'no backbone is longer' to remember that invertebrates lack a backbone. The chordates are highlighted as the phylum containing all vertebrates, and the video script suggests using 'FMER Bob ate Mite rolls' to remember the five well-known classes of vertebrates: fish, birds, amphibians, mammals, and reptiles. Each class has unique characteristics, such as mammals being warm-blooded and feeding their young with milk. The script encourages viewers to pause and explore the differences between these classes and ends by emphasizing the diversity and classification within the animal kingdom.

Keywords

💡Kingdom

In the context of biological classification, 'kingdom' is the highest taxonomic rank. It is a broad category that groups together living organisms based on shared characteristics. The video script mentions that all living things are grouped into five kingdoms, with the animal kingdom being the focus of the video. This keyword is central to understanding the hierarchical organization of life on Earth.

💡Species

A 'species' is the most specific taxonomic rank and refers to a group of living organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. The script states that there are over 7.5 million species of animals on Earth, with 900,000 having been described. This term is crucial for understanding biodiversity and the variety within the animal kingdom.

💡Phylum

A 'phylum' is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and is used to classify organisms that share certain fundamental characteristics. The script mentions that animals are arranged into over 30 phyla, with the five main ones being Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata. This keyword helps viewers understand the diversity within the animal kingdom beyond the species level.

💡Arthropods

Arthropods are a phylum of invertebrate animals that includes insects, arachnids, and crustaceans. The script highlights that they are one of the five main animal phyla and are characterized by having a hard exoskeleton and jointed legs. This term is important for recognizing the vast and diverse group of animals that make up a significant portion of the animal kingdom.

💡Vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone or spinal column. The script explains that if an animal has a backbone, it is a vertebrate, which is part of the phylum Chordata. This keyword is essential for distinguishing a major group of animals that includes fish, birds, amphibians, mammals, and reptiles.

💡Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. The script uses the mnemonic 'no backbone is longer to say than backbone' to help remember that invertebrates lack a spinal column. This term is important for understanding the majority of animal species that do not have a vertebral column.

💡Chordata

Chordata is a phylum that includes all vertebrates. The script clarifies that while not all chordates are vertebrates, all vertebrates are chordates. This keyword is significant for understanding the evolutionary link between various animal groups that possess a notochord at some stage of their life cycle.

💡Acum

An 'acum' is a mnemonic device used to help remember a list of items. The script uses 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes' for arthropods and 'FMER Bob ate Mite rolls' for vertebrate classes. This keyword is relevant as it illustrates a learning technique to aid in the memorization of complex taxonomic information.

💡Mammals

Mammals are a class of vertebrates characterized by having fur or hair, feeding their young with milk, and being warm-blooded. The script uses mammals as an example of a subclass within the vertebrates, highlighting their unique characteristics. This term is important for understanding a specific group of animals that includes humans.

💡Reptiles

Reptiles are a class of vertebrates that have scaly skin, breathe air, and usually live on land. The script differentiates reptiles from amphibians by noting that reptiles have scaly skin and breathe air, while amphibians have moist skin and can breathe through their skin and lungs. This keyword is crucial for distinguishing a group of animals that includes snakes, lizards, and turtles.

💡Arachnids

Arachnids are a class of arthropods that includes spiders, scorpions, and mites. The script clarifies that spiders, despite being commonly mistaken for insects, are actually arachnids. This term is important for understanding the classification of these eight-legged creatures within the broader group of arthropods.

Highlights

All living things are grouped into five kingdoms, with the animal kingdom being the focus of this video.

A video on classifying organisms is recommended for a refresher on taxonomic ranks like kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

There are over 7.5 million species of animal on Earth, with 900,000 described and arranged into over 30 phyla.

The most common phyla are Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata, which can be remembered by the acronym 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes'.

Animals can be classified as vertebrates (with a backbone) or invertebrates (without a backbone).

The phylum Chordata contains all vertebrates, which can be remembered by the concept that 'no backbone' is longer to say than 'backbone', thus 'no backbone' must be invertebrate.

Vertebrates are further divided into five well-known classes: fish, birds, amphibians, mammals, and reptiles, remembered by 'FMER Bob ate Mite rolls'.

Mammals are characterized by having fur or hair, feeding their young on milk, and being warm-blooded.

Reptiles are distinguished from amphibians by having scaly skin, breathing air, and usually living on land, except for turtles which have a dual life cycle.

The phylum Arthropoda is explored in more detail, highlighting their hard exoskeleton and jointed legs.

Spiders are clarified as not being insects but belonging to a different class of arthropods called Arachnida.

Classes within the animal kingdom break down further into subclasses and orders, with mammals alone having about 5,000 species classified into three subclasses and about 26 orders.

Invertebrates are revisited, with a focus on the five main phyla, using the mnemonic 'Auntie Anne makes nice cakes' to aid memory.

The video concludes by summarizing that the animal kingdom is divided into over 30 phyla, with the main five being Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Chordata.

The phylum Chordata is emphasized as including all vertebrates, which are further classified into various classes.

Transcripts

all living things are grouped into five

kingdoms and in this video we're going

to look at the animal kingdom in more

detail before we start you may want to

watch our video on classifying organisms

first to remind yourself of Kingdom

filler class or family genus and

species there are thought to be over 7.5

million species of animal on planet

Earth of which 900,000 have been

described these are arranged into over

30 filler of which these are the nine

most

common and these five are the five main

animal

filler arthropods anelids mollusk

nematodes and cord make up a rhyme or

acronym to help you remember them Auntie

Anne makes nice cakes a a m n

c a big question to ask is do they have

a backbone if yes they are a vertebrate

if no they are an

invertebrate this can be tricky to

remember I always think of no backbone

is longer to say than backbone so no

backbone must be invertebrate and

backbone is just a

vertebrate all of these are

invertebrates and just these here the

Cordata contain all of the vertebrates

not all Cordes are vertebrates but all

vertebrates are

cordate let's have a look at the

vertebrates in more

detail there are many different classes

of vertebrate but the five most

well-known ones are the fish Birds

amphibians mammals and

reptiles again make up a little acum to

help you remember fmer Bob ate Mite

rolls each class has different

characteristics that defines them like

mammals which have fur or hair feed

their young on milk and are warm

blooded pause the video and have a look

at what the difference is for each of

these five common vertebrae

claes sometimes people aren't too sure

whether something is a reptile or an

amphibian reptiles have scaly skin

breathe air and usually live on land

except for

turtles I live double lives they start

in the water and breathe gills and as

they grow older they develop

lungs once inside a class so mammals for

example different species are grouped

together in even more detail there are

about 5,000 species of mammals

classified into three subclasses and

about 26

orders so that's the vertebrates now for

the

invertebrates let's go back to our nine

filler

and the five main ones remember Auntie

Anne makes nice cakes let's have a look

at arthropods in a little more detail

they all have a hard exoskeleton and

have jointed legs see how diverse they

are notice how spiders are not insects

but they are a different class of

arthropods altogether called

arachnids and just like in animals these

classes break down even further like for

insects so from this video you should

now know that the animal kingdom breaks

down into over 30 filler with these as

the main

five and then these filler break down

into more detail the Cordata include all

vertebrates which in itself breaks down

into lots of different classes including

these five