ANATOMI GERAK MANUSIA (BAG. 2) GERAKAN SENDI PADA BIDANG SAGITAL, FRONTAL DAN TRANSVERSE

Summary

This educational video script delves into the anatomy of human movement, focusing on anatomical positions and directional terms. It explains the three primary planes of movement: sagittal, frontal, and transverse, detailing key movements within each. The script covers flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and various other movements like abduction, adduction, elevation, depression, inversion, eversion, pronation, and supination. It also introduces multiplanar movements like circumduction and opposition, providing a comprehensive understanding of human biomechanics in sports.

Takeaways

• 🧍 The lecture discusses human anatomy, specifically the terminology, anatomical directions, and axes.
• 🔄 It continues with the concept of anatomical positions, which are the starting points for defining movements.
• 📏 The lecture introduces three anatomical planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse, which divide the body into sections for easier categorization of movements.
• 🦿 In the sagittal plane, the primary movements are flexion, extension, and hyperextension, which involve bending and straightening of joints.
• 🤸‍♂️ Flexion decreases the angle between bones, extension increases it, and hyperextension continues the straightening beyond the anatomical position.
• 🚶 Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are movements specific to the ankle joint, moving the foot upward or downward respectively.
• 🤲 Adduction and abduction are movements in the frontal plane, describing how body parts move towards or away from the body's midline.
• 🤕 Elevation and depression involve moving body parts up or down, while inversion and eversion pertain to the rotation of the foot around its long axis.
• 🤝 Protraction and retraction describe the movement of the scapula or other bones forward or backward, respectively.
• 🔁 The lecture also covers multiplanar movements, such as circumduction and opposition, which involve a combination of movements across different planes.
• 🌐 The script concludes with a hope that the information provided will be understood, emphasizing the importance of anatomical knowledge in biomechanics.

Q & A

What is the anatomical position and why is it important?

The anatomical position is the standard reference position for the human body when defining movements and describing anatomical terms. It's important because it provides a universal starting point for describing body positions and movements in biomechanics and other fields.

What are the three anatomical planes mentioned in the script?

The three anatomical planes mentioned are the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. These planes are essential for categorizing and describing movements and body positions in biomechanics.

What are the three primary movements in the sagittal plane?

The three primary movements in the sagittal plane are flexion, extension, and hyperextension. Flexion decreases the angle between two bones, extension increases the angle and returns the body part to the anatomical position, and hyperextension continues the extension beyond the anatomical position.

What is the difference between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?

Dorsiflexion is the movement of the foot that brings the top of the foot (dorsal surface) towards the anterior (front) or upward, while plantarflexion is the opposite movement, bringing the sole of the foot (plantar surface) towards the posterior (back) or downward.

Can you explain abduction and adduction in the context of the frontal plane?

Abduction in the frontal plane is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body, towards the lateral side, while adduction is the movement of a body part towards the midline or medial side. These movements are used to describe the positioning of limbs in relation to the body's center.

What are the movements associated with the term 'elevation' and 'depression'?

Elevation refers to the movement of a body part upward or towards the superior aspect, while depression is the movement of a body part downward or towards the inferior aspect. These terms are used to describe the vertical movement of body parts in relation to the body's center.

How are inversion and eversion movements different?

Inversion is the movement of the foot that turns the sole of the foot inward towards the midline of the body, while eversion is the movement that turns the sole of the foot outward away from the midline. These movements describe the rotational movements of the foot around its longitudinal axis.

What do pronation and supination involve in the context of the transverse plane?

Pronation in the transverse plane involves rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly or backward, while supination involves rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly or forward. These movements describe the rotational movements of the forearm and hand.

What is circumduction and how does it relate to multiplanar movements?

Circumduction is a multiplanar movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction, resulting in a circular or conical movement pattern. It is often observed in the shoulder joint and involves movement in multiple planes, not just one.

What is the difference between uniplanar and multiplanar movements?

Uniplanar movements occur in a single plane, such as flexion and extension in the sagittal plane. Multiplanar movements, on the other hand, involve movement in two or more planes simultaneously, such as circumduction and opposition of the thumb, which involve movements in multiple planes to achieve the desired motion.