DISTINGUISHING TRUTH FROM OPINION

DOC JEUNG CHANNEL
14 Nov 202018:56

Summary

TLDREn el episodio 5 de la serie de conferencias 'Introducción a la filosofía de la persona humana', se explora cómo distinguir la verdad de la opinión. Se define la verdad como un hecho verificable con datos objetivos, mientras que la opinión es subjetiva y basada en sentimientos. Se presentan estrategias para identificar la verdad, como preguntar si una declaración es verdadera y si puede ser probada, y para reconocer opiniones, se sugiere buscar palabras que revelen sentimientos o juicios personales. Ejemplos como la independencia de Filipinas en 1946 y la opinión sobre el trato a los desamparados en Estados Unidos se utilizan para ilustrar la diferencia entre ambas.

Takeaways

  • 😀 La verdad expresa eventos que han ocurrido o que pueden ser probados por datos objetivos y se puede verificar porque hay evidencias que respaldan la afirmación.
  • 🎯 La verdad es objetiva y no se basa en actitudes, sentimientos o emociones personales.
  • 🔍 La verdad se descubre a través de la evidencia y se puede verificar si hay dudas.
  • 🌐 La verdad refleja la realidad, es decir, los objetos o cosas que existen tanto intrínsecamente como extrínsecamente.
  • 📜 Un ejemplo de verdad es 'En 1946, el gobierno de Estados Unidos otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas', ya que se puede verificar en fuentes históricas.
  • 💭 La opinión expresa una actitud hacia algo y hace un juicio, visión o conclusión basada en sentimientos y pensamientos personales.
  • 🤔 Una opinión es una declaración que no se puede probar como verdadera o falsa y es subjetiva, ya que varía según las emociones y actitudes de cada individuo.
  • 💡 Las opiniones son creadas a partir de las creencias, emociones y actitudes personales hacia un objeto o tema específico.
  • 🌟 Una opinión interpreta la realidad; es una visión personal basada en creencias y sentimientos que pueden diferir de las de otros.
  • ⛔ Las opiniones no se pueden verificar porque son interpretaciones personales y están influenciadas por la subjetividad del individuo.
  • 🔑 Para distinguir la verdad de la opinión, se pueden hacer preguntas como '¿Es esto verdad?' y '¿Se puede probar?', mientras que para identificar una opinión se pueden buscar palabras que indiquen sentimientos o actitudes personales.

Q & A

  • ¿Cuál es la diferencia fundamental entre la verdad y la opinión según el guion del video?

    -La verdad expresa lo que realmente ocurrió o lo que se puede probar con datos objetivos, mientras que la opinión expresa una actitud hacia algo y no se puede probar como verdadera o falsa.

  • ¿Cómo se define la verdad en el contexto del video?

    -La verdad se define como una afirmación que se puede probar verdadera o falsa, es objetiva, descubierta, estatal de la realidad y verificable.

  • ¿Qué ejemplo de verdad se proporciona en el video?

    -El ejemplo de verdad proporcionado es que el gobierno americano otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas en 1946.

  • ¿Qué características específicas distinguen una opinión de la verdad según el video?

    -Una opinión es una declaración que no se puede probar verdadera o falsa, es subjetiva, creada, interpreta la realidad y no se puede verificar.

  • ¿Cuál es el ejemplo de opinión que se discute en el video?

    -El ejemplo de opinión es que el trato de Estados Unidos a los sin techo es una vergüenza.

  • ¿Cómo se sugiere distinguir la verdad de la opinión en el video?

    -Se sugiere hacer preguntas como '¿Es esto verdad?' y '¿Se puede probar?' para identificar la verdad, y preguntarse '¿Esto expresa cómo alguien se siente o piensa?' para identificar la opinión.

  • ¿Qué palabras o frases son indicativas de una opinión según el video?

    -Palabras como 'creer', 'sentir', 'parecer', y superlativos extremos como 'mejor', 'peor', 'más', 'menos' son indicativos de una opinión.

  • ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la verdad y la opinión en términos de la forma en que se verifican?

    -La verdad se puede verificar con datos objetivos y pruebas, mientras que la opinión, que se basa en sentimientos y perspectivas personales, no se puede verificar de la misma manera.

  • ¿Cómo se relaciona la realidad con la verdad y la opinión según el video?

    -La verdad declara la realidad, es decir, describe lo que existe de manera objetiva, mientras que la opinión interpreta la realidad basándose en las percepciones y actitudes personales.

  • ¿Qué estrategias adicionales se sugieren para distinguir la verdad de la opinión en el video?

    -Se sugiere buscar palabras clave que indiquen subjetividad o extremos en las declaraciones, y preguntarse si se puede verificar la afirmación con pruebas objetivas.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Diferencia entre la verdad y la opinión

El primer párrafo introduce el tema del episodio 5 de la serie de conferencias sobre la filosofía de la persona humana, enfocado en la distinción entre la verdad y la opinión. Se explica que la verdad es un enunciado que puede ser probado o refutado con datos objetivos y que describe hechos concretos. La verdad es objetiva, descubierta y verificable. Se da un ejemplo de verdad: 'En 1946, el gobierno de Estados Unidos otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas', que se puede verificar en libros de historia. Por otro lado, la opinión refleja una actitud o juicio personal hacia algo y está basada en emociones o pensamientos, lo que la hace subjetiva y no verificable.

05:01

🔍 Estrategias para distinguir la verdad de la opinión

El segundo párrafo profundiza en cómo distinguir la verdad de la opinión. Se sugiere preguntarse si una afirmación es verdadera y si puede ser probada para determinar si es una verdad. Se contrasta con la opinión, que no puede ser comprobada y está influenciada por la perspectiva personal del individuo. Se mencionan palabras clave que a menudo indican una opinión, como 'creer', 'pensar', 'sentir' y 'parecer', y se enfatiza la importancia de descartar sesgos y emociones para establecer la verdad.

10:01

🏃 Analizando enunciados como verdad o opinión

El tercer párrafo presenta una serie de enunciados para identificar si son verdad o opinión. Se explica que el uso de superlativos, como 'más rápido' o 'el peor', suele indicar una opinión, ya que refleja la percepción personal del autor. Se evalúan ejemplos como 'El cheetah es la criatura terrestre más rápida' y 'Michael Jordan tuvo un promedio de 30.4 puntos por partido', concluyendo que el primero es una opinión y el segundo es una verdad debido a que se puede verificar a través de registros estadísticos.

15:02

🏁 Resumen y despedida del episodio

El cuarto y último párrafo del guion del video proporciona un resumen de los enunciados analizados como verdad o opinión. Se concluye que los enunciados que se pueden verificar con evidencias son verdades, mientras que aquellos basados en la percepción o emociones del autor son opiniones. El presentador expresa su deseo de que los espectadores hayan aprendido algo del episodio y los anima a unirse al siguiente episodio, número 6.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Verdad

La verdad se refiere a lo que realmente ocurrió o lo que puede ser comprobado a través de datos objetivos o evidencias concretas. En el video, se menciona que la verdad es un enunciado que puede ser probado como verdadero o falso, y se puede verificar o probar. Por ejemplo, la afirmación de que el gobierno estadounidense otorgó la independencia completa a Filipinas en 1946 es verdadera porque se puede verificar en libros de historia.

💡Opinión

Una opinión expresa una actitud hacia algo, una juicio, visión o conclusión. Se diferencia de la verdad en que no se puede probar como verdadera o falsa, ya que está basada en sentimientos, pensamientos y actitudes personales. En el guion, se utiliza el ejemplo 'El trato de América hacia los desamparados es una vergüenza', que es una opinión porque introduce sentimientos y no se puede verificar objetivamente.

💡Objetividad

La objetividad se refiere a la capacidad de un enunciado de ser verdadero sin basarse en actitudes, sentimientos o emociones personales. En el video, se explica que la verdad es objetiva, mientras que las opiniones son subjetiva, ya que están influenciadas por las percepciones y emociones del individuo.

💡Descubrimiento

El descubrimiento se refiere a la acción de encontrar algo basándose en evidencias o datos. En el contexto del video, la verdad se descubre a través de la verificación de afirmaciones con datos objetivos, mientras que las opiniones son creadas a partir de las creencias y percepciones personales.

💡Realidad

La realidad, según el video, son los objetos o cosas que existen, ya sean intrínsecas o extrinsicas. La verdad declara la realidad, mientras que las opiniones pueden interpretar la realidad de acuerdo con la perspectiva del individuo.

💡Verificación

La verificación es el proceso de confirmar la autenticidad o la precisión de algo. En el video, se destaca que la verdad puede ser verificada a través de pruebas y evidencias, mientras que las opiniones, siendo subjetivas, no pueden ser verificadas de la misma manera.

💡Sentimientos

Los sentimientos son emociones o reacciones afectivas que influyen en la formación de opiniones. En el guion, se menciona que las opiniones involucran sentimientos, pensamientos y actitudes personales, lo que las hace subjetivas y distintas de la verdad objetiva.

💡Evidencia

La evidencia es cualquier dato o prueba que apoya una afirmación o hipótesis. En el video, se utiliza para diferenciar la verdad de las opiniones, ya que la verdad se puede probar con evidencia concreta, mientras que las opiniones no se pueden probar de la misma manera.

💡Superlativos

Los superlativos son formas gramaticales que expresan la máxima cantidad o grado de una cualidad. En el video, se señala que las palabras en superlativo, como 'más rápido' o 'peor', suelen indicar opiniones, ya que reflejan juicios subjetivos basados en la percepción del hablante.

💡Contexto

El contexto es el entorno o situación en la que ocurre algo, que puede afectar su significado o interpretación. En el video, el contexto en el que se utilizan palabras clave como 'verdad' y 'opinión' es crucial para entender su significado y cómo se diferencian en la narrativa del video.

Highlights

Truth is defined as a statement that can be proven true or false based on objective data or evidence.

Truth is objective and not based on personal feelings or emotions.

Truth is discovered through evidence and is not influenced by personal bias.

Truth states reality, which is the foundation of acquiring knowledge and the ultimate goal is the truth.

Truth can be verified through evidence and is not a matter of personal belief.

An example of truth is the statement about the American government granting full independence to the Philippines in 1946.

Opinion expresses an attitude or judgment towards something and is based on personal feelings or thoughts.

Opinions are subjective and vary from person to person based on their emotions and attitudes.

Opinions are created based on personal beliefs, feelings, and attitudes towards a particular subject.

Opinions interpret reality, offering a personal viewpoint that may differ from others.

Opinions cannot be verified as they are based on personal interpretations and feelings.

An example of an opinion is the statement about America's treatment of the homeless being a disgrace.

To distinguish truth from opinion, ask if the statement can be proven true or false.

Words like 'think', 'feel', 'believe', 'seem' are clues that a statement may be an opinion.

Extreme words such as 'all', 'none', 'best', 'worst' indicate a statement is likely an opinion.

The statement 'The fastest land dwelling creature is the cheetah' is an opinion because it's based on the author's feeling.

Michael Jordan's average of 30.4 points per game is a truth as it can be verified through NBA statistics.

George Washington being the first president of the United States is a truth, verifiable through historical records.

The statement 'Prison is one of the worst places on the planet' is an opinion based on the author's personal view.

The statement 'There seems to be too much standardized testing in public schools' is an opinion reflecting the author's belief.

Transcripts

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[Music]

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so

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[Music]

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good day everyone welcome to episode 5

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of our lecture series

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in introduction to philosophy of the

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human person

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for today's episode our topic is all

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about distinguishing truth from

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opinion or how can we distinguish truth

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from opinion ok let us discuss

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first the difference between truth and

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opinion

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so what is truth truth expresses only

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what

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actually happened or what could be

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proven by objective data

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or those events that we experience that

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we felt

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that we saw or ensured that perceived

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by our senses that's why

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they can be proven or they can be tested

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or they can be verified because there

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are objective data

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or concrete evidences that can support

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to our claim

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that this particular statement is true

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specifically truth is a statement

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that can be proven true or false yes

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because if our data or evidences affirm

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our claim to be true therefore it is

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true

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otherwise it is false number two

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truth is objective yes if our claim

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is true it is not based on our

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attitude or feelings or emotion

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therefore

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it is objective it's true okay

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number three truth is discovered

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it is discovered because based on our

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evidences

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our claim is found to be true we

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discovered it is true

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because there are details that support

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our claim that

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is true okay number four truth states

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reality

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yes it states reality remember from our

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previous lesson

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reality are those objects that are

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existing

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rather intrinsic or extensive objects or

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things

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so if they are existing they are true

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because reality is one of the foundation

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of acquiring knowledge which the

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ultimate goal is

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the truth and number five

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truth can be verified truth can be

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verified

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if we are in doubt about this particular

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thing

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we can verify it based on the evidences

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presented okay those are specific

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statements or descriptions about truth

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okay so this is an example of truth

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the statement is in 1946 the american

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government granted the full

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independence the philippines okay this

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is an example of truth why first you can

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verify

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it in any number of preferences or

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history rules

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another the language used in the

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statement reveals nothing about the

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others feelings

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towards the event so pedimention is

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verifying

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references special history book that if

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you are going to

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history book you will find this

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statement

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you will find this argument that the

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american government granted the full

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independence to the philippines in 1946

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and another is

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attitude feeling or emotion or worse

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it's a feeling emotion or attitude norm

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is speaker or other that's why it is

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true okay let's move on with opinion

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opinion expresses an attitude

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towards something it makes a judgment

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view

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or conclusion okay

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yes this is our attitude judgment

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or view about a particular order

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opinion involves our feelings our

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thinking about this thing

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that makes it cannot be proven unlike

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truth okay so

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opinion is quite different from truth

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feeling any word coming from our

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emotion based on our thinking

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it is opinion so la la unions are

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facts or truth okay specifically

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an opinion is a statement that cannot be

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proven

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true or false yes how can you prove it

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if it's based on your feeling it is

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based on your

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emotion it is based on your attitude

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because

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the opinion or the attitude the feeling

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of others

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may be different from you okay that's

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why

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an opinion is a statement that cannot be

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proven

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true or false again because it is based

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on our

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own view our own judgment or

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conclusion okay number two an opinion is

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subjective

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yes it is subjective because our basis

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here

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is our own feeling or thinking about

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this particular object

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if it is objective you will disregard

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your biases

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you will disregard your emotion and

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feeling

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toward this particular object or thing

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okay number three an opinion is

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great why do we say that an opinion

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is created okay it is created

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because we can form our own opinion

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based on our personal belief feeling

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emotion and attitude

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[Music]

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feeling more emotional attitude toward a

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particular object or

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thing that's why an opinion is

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created okay number four

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an opinion interprets reality

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if truth class is this reality an

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opinion interprets reality

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okay we can say that an opinion

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interprets reality because that is our

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own attitude

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or belief toward reality

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our belief or feeling may be differ from

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the feeling or

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belief of others so we have different

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interpretations

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or opinions toward something so whatever

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our feeling

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toward this object it is considered as

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our interpretation

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so that's why all interpretations

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can be considered subjective okay

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number five an opinion cannot be

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verified

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yes an opinion cannot be verified

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because that is the interpretation

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of the person towards something or

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sinners

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attitude

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okay let's see the example okay the

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statement is

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america's treatment of the homeless is a

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disgrace

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now why it is considered as an opinion

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look from the word disgrace it tells

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readers

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how they should feel about the subject

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of homelessness in america

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look and feelings cannot be checked for

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accuracy as what i have said

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because the feeling of others is

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different from

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the feeling of you and other

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people once language brings emotions

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into the picture yes in a subject arena

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we have began to move away

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from the word of truth

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[Music]

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so again we must but

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disregard our biases our feelings

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emotions and attitude

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in order for us to uh establish

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truth so this time let's discuss

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the different strategies in order for

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you to distinguish

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truth from opinion easily

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okay first if

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you are looking for truth when you are

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looking for the truth

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ask this question is this true

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because if the answer is yes therefore

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it is true it means

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that there are evidences that support

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to this particular claim that this

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statement is

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true number two can it be proven

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then we said earlier the truth can be

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proven

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if it's not proven or if you cannot

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prove it

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therefore that is not true

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okay so in it means that there are

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evidences

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or references that you can use to prove

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this particular claim or

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statement so this is the first so

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ask the question is this true second

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can it be proven so if the answer is

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yes and if you can prove it therefore it

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is

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a true okay another

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when you are looking for an opinion ask

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yourself

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this particular question does this tell

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how someone feels or things look

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[Music]

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therefore that is an opinion okay

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another if you are looking for an

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opinion

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these are some of the clues okay

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if the following words such as think

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feel believe seem if you will see this

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particular verse

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deserve as clues that

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this has an opinion why

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i think it is true so that is your

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opinion because you said i think

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i feel that i am young

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when i'm going to take this medicine

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so

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it seems that this statement is not

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acceptable to others it seems

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so you are not sure or

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there are some other clues that will

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serve as your guide

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in identifying whether the statement is

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true or

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false so with the word

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all all means

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always lagging never

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least most greatest in short

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what have you noticed these words are

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both extreme

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both extreme look

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all none best

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worst most

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list so

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in short if we are going to state or

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describe

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something in its superlative degree

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or in comparative degree

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we can consider it as an opinion

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okay let's try the following let's see

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whether the following statement is

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true or opinion number one

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the fastest land dwelling creature is

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the cheetah

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is this statement truth or opinion

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okay so with the presence of the word

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fastest it is in the superlative form

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fastest pinata so

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to the author to the one who stated this

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statement

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cheetah is the fastest land dwelling

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animal or creature so

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for the author how about to others so

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that is his own decision maybe

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some other people

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can say that the fastest and dwelling

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creature

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is the other animal so this is an

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opinion and opinion of the author we can

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verify okay number two

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[Music]

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michael jordan has a average of 30.4

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points per game

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is his truth or opinion

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this is true because we can verify

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we can verify to the book of uh of the

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record

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of the statistics in the nba game

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that michael jordan has a horror average

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of 30.4

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points per game so it can be verified

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if the statement class can be verified

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therefore we can consider

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it as number three

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george washington was the first

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president

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of the united states ah this is

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true so therefore this is a truth

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why we can verify we can verify

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in any references in any

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american history books if you are going

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to

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read american history books you know

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what

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you will see that george washington was

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the first president

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of the united states and another

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government record

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in america it states or

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in a commission an election or any

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agency that

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keeps record that george washington

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was the president or the first president

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elected

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in the united states okay number three

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truth number four prison is one of the

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worst places on the planet

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is this truth or opinion ah

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with the presence of the word worst it

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is

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in its superlative degree so for

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the occur prison is the worst places

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but to others maybe it's not so

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it is based on the feeling or thinking

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of

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the author that prison is one of the

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worst places

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on the planet so therefore is some

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opinion and number five

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there seems to be too much standardized

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testing

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in public schools how about

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to some other experts to some other

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people

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if they do not believe that there

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seems to be too much standardized

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testing in public schools therefore

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this is only the base on the thinking

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own thinking of the other so we can say

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that number one

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is an opinion number two is truth

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number three is truth number four is an

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opinion

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number five is an opinion why again

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number one is

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opinion because class of the word

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fastest

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so it is based on the thinking

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or on the feeling of the author that

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cheetah

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is the fastest land-dwelling creature

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number four by its opinion

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because it's again based on the thinking

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of the order that prison is one of the

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worst places

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on the planet and from the worst scenes

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so it is based on the feeling it's based

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on the uh

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thinking of the author and that don't

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check there seems to be

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too much standardized testing in public

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school okay number one

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four and five they are all opinions

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because they are based

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on the feeling or attitude of the author

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toward this particular statements well

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number two

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and number three uh

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they are based on evidences you can

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verify them

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you can use any references that serve as

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your

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what serve as your evidence

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to prove that number two and three

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statements are

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true okay that's all guys for this

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episode five

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i hope you learned something from this

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very simple lesson

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and hope to see you in our next episode

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and that's episode 6. bye

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[Music]

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you

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Связанные теги
VerdadOpiniónFilosofíaDiferenciaciónObjetividadSubjetividadEvidenciaRealidadVerificaciónInterpretación
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