El método de escritura creativa de Juan Rulfo | Taller de Escritura Creativa de Israel Pintor

Summary

En esta conferencia, Juan Rulfo, destacado escritor mexicano del siglo XX, reflexiona sobre su proceso creativo y sus principios literarios. Rulfo destaca la importancia de la imaginación, la mentira como recreación de la realidad y el enfoque en los personajes, el ambiente y su expresión. Explica su método basado en la escritura automática y su resistencia a la inspiración. Rulfo subraya la necesidad de soledad en el proceso creativo y critica a la academia y a los intelectuales, abogando por una literatura que surge de la intuición y la sinceridad, alejada de ideologías y explicaciones directas.

Takeaways

• 📚 Juan Rulfo no creció rodeado de narradores, lo que lo impulsó a crear sus propias historias desde la imaginación y la invención.
• 📝 Rulfo entendía la creación literaria como un acto de mentir, pero en el sentido de recrear la realidad mediante la ficción.
• 🎭 Para escribir una historia, Rulfo seguía tres pasos: crear el personaje principal, establecer su entorno, y definir la forma en la que hablaría o se expresaría.
• ✍️ No creía en la inspiración, sino que veía la escritura como un trabajo arduo, a menudo dejando que el personaje surgiera durante el proceso.
• 🔮 Diferenciaba la ficción de la realidad, asegurándose de que lo que escribía no reflejara hechos reales de su vida personal, aunque a menudo estos influían indirectamente.
• 🏞 Rulfo utilizaba su conocimiento del mundo rural mexicano para crear ficciones nuevas, aunque creciera en ese contexto.
• 🧠 Creía que los temas esenciales en la literatura eran la vida y la muerte, y que debían tratarse de manera original, aunque ya hubieran sido abordados por otros autores.
• 👥 Consideraba la escritura un acto solitario y prefería evitar la intelectualización de su obra, dejando que los personajes funcionaran por sí mismos.
• ✒️ Veía el cuento como un género que requiere contención, donde no hay espacio para especulaciones filosóficas, a diferencia de la novela.
• 💬 Tenía temor de la academia y los intelectuales, consideraba que un escritor debía ser el menos intelectual de los pensadores, ya que sus ideas eran personales y no debían influir en los demás.

Q & A

¿Cuál fue el enfoque principal de la conferencia de Juan Rulfo en 1963 en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México?

En la conferencia, Juan Rulfo trató de explicar cómo entendía el proceso de creación literaria, enfocándose en su método creativo como narrador y describiendo sus prioridades y estrategias en la escritura.

¿Qué importancia tienen los libros de Rulfo 'El llano en llamas' y 'Pedro Páramo' en su obra literaria?

Estos dos libros son fundamentales en la obra de Rulfo. 'El llano en llamas' es una colección de cuentos que refleja el México rural y postrevolucionario, mientras que 'Pedro Páramo' es una novela considerada un punto de inflexión en la literatura mexicana y el inicio de una etapa de experimentación narrativa.

¿Cómo veía Rulfo el acto de creación literaria en relación con la realidad y la ficción?

Rulfo consideraba que la creación literaria implicaba una forma de 'mentir', ya que escribir es recrear la realidad mediante la invención. Para él, la ficción era una herramienta para transformar y reinterpretar el mundo real.

¿Cuáles eran los tres pasos que Rulfo consideraba necesarios antes de escribir una historia?

Los tres pasos eran: la creación del personaje principal, la creación del entorno donde se movería ese personaje, y la concepción de la forma en que el personaje se expresaría.

¿Por qué Rulfo tenía una actitud escéptica hacia la inspiración en el proceso de escritura?

Rulfo no creía en la inspiración como motor creativo. Para él, escribir era un acto de trabajo arduo. Describía la escritura como un proceso largo que implicaba escribir y reescribir hasta que los personajes cobraran vida y se encontrara la dirección de la historia.

¿Cómo influía la soledad en el proceso creativo de Rulfo?

La soledad fue una parte esencial de la vida de Rulfo, desde su infancia hasta su adultez. Esta soledad lo ayudó a concentrarse en su escritura, ya que creía que el trabajo de un escritor era necesariamente solitario.

¿Qué temas consideraba Rulfo como los fundamentales en la literatura?

Rulfo creía que solo había tres temas fundamentales en la literatura: la vida, la muerte y el amor. Estos temas debían tratarse de manera personal y única, evitando repetir lo que ya se había dicho sobre ellos.

¿Cómo trataba Rulfo a sus personajes en sus obras?

Rulfo permitía que sus personajes funcionaran por sí mismos, sin depender de él. Les otorgaba una vida propia, lo que lo ayudaba a tomar decisiones sobre la dirección de la historia de manera intuitiva.

¿Cuál era la postura de Rulfo sobre el papel del escritor como intelectual?

Rulfo pensaba que el escritor debía ser el menos intelectual de todos los pensadores. Creía que las ideas y pensamientos del escritor no debían influir en los demás de manera directa y prefería evitar el academicismo y la especulación filosófica en sus textos.

¿Cómo manejaba Rulfo la diferencia entre ficción y realidad en sus historias?

Rulfo diferenciaba claramente entre ficción y realidad. Se basaba en sus experiencias de vida rural para crear sus historias, pero evitaba contar hechos reales, prefiriendo la invención y la construcción de un universo ficticio que reinterpretara su mundo conocido.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Creación literaria de Juan Rulfo

Este párrafo introduce a Juan Rulfo, un escritor mexicano reconocido, y su conferencia en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en 1963. Rulfo, además de ser escritor, era guionista y fotógrafo. Sus obras, 'El llano en llamas' y 'Pedro Páramo', reflejan la realidad rural y postrevolucionaria de México, mezclando realismo y fantasía. A pesar de tener solo dos libros, ganó el Premio Nacional de Literatura en 1970 y el Príncipe de Asturias en 1983. Se destaca como un escritor clave en la literatura mexicana y latinoamericana, especialmente después de la publicación de 'Pedro Páramo'.

05:01

🎨 Proceso creativo de Juan Rulfo

Rulfo explica su enfoque en la creación literaria, destacando la imaginación y la invención como principios fundamentales. Para él, la escritura es un acto de mentira que recrea la realidad. Describe tres pasos previos a la escritura de una historia: crear al personaje principal, el entorno en el que se mueve y la forma en que se expresará. Rulfo enfatiza la importancia de la soledad y la introspección en su proceso creativo, y cómo la literatura debe diferenciarse de la realidad para construir una narrativa única y personal.

10:02

🌟 Influencia y legado de Rulfo

Este párrafo explora la influencia de Rulfo en la literatura universal y su capacidad para exponer la vida y costumbres del campo mexicano. Aunque Rulfo aparentemente evitaba la seriedad académica y la intelectualización de su trabajo, su legado demuestra una profunda comprensión de la realidad social y política de México en el siglo XX. A pesar de sus inseguridades y temores, su obra ha tenido un impacto significativo en la literatura y la percepción del mundo.

15:03

📖 Invitación a la reflexión y creación literaria

El último párrafo es una invitación al público para reflexionar sobre la obra de Rulfo y su impacto en la narrativa. Se ofrece la posibilidad de recibir feedback o asesoramiento privado sobre la creación literaria a través de la página web del presentador, Israel Painter, quien se identifica como un coach y docente de escritura y narrativa creativa.

Keywords

💡Creación literaria

La creación literaria se refiere al proceso mediante el cual un escritor concibe y desarrolla una obra. En el video, Juan Rulfo habla sobre su comprensión de este proceso, destacando la imaginación y la invención como principios fundamentales. Rulfo, como autor, explica que este proceso no se basa en la inspiración, sino en el trabajo arduo y continuo.

💡Realidad y ficción

Rulfo considera la ficción como una recreación de la realidad. La creación literaria implica una mezcla entre lo que es real y lo que es inventado, lo cual refleja su visión de que el escritor es un 'mentiroso' que transforma la realidad a través de la ficción. Este concepto es central en su método, donde se busca crear un universo narrativo separado de los hechos conocidos.

💡Personaje

Para Rulfo, la creación de personajes es el primer paso esencial para contar una historia. Un personaje debe ser tan completo que tenga vida propia y guíe el desarrollo de la narración. El video menciona cómo Rulfo dedicaba tiempo a crear personajes que pudieran moverse y expresarse por sí mismos dentro del relato.

💡Intuición

La intuición es un componente clave en el proceso creativo de Rulfo. A través de la escritura, el autor sigue su intuición para descubrir personajes y eventos que forman la historia. Rulfo describe cómo, al escribir sin detenerse, eventualmente encontraba el camino de la historia gracias a esa intuición.

💡Soledad

La soledad es un tema recurrente en la vida y obra de Rulfo. En el video, se destaca que su experiencia como huérfano y su vida solitaria influyeron profundamente en su forma de crear. Para él, escribir es un acto solitario, y esta soledad fue esencial para su concentración y profundidad narrativa.

💡Inventiva

La inventiva, según Rulfo, es el proceso de generar nuevas ideas y eventos que no están basados en la realidad directa. En sus obras, aunque usaba el contexto rural que conocía, Rulfo transformaba esa realidad en ficción, creando mundos completamente nuevos. Este concepto de inventiva está vinculado con la capacidad del autor para 'mentir' y construir historias originales.

💡Temas universales

Rulfo identifica tres temas universales en la creación literaria: la vida, la muerte y el amor. Aunque estos temas han sido tratados muchas veces, Rulfo sostiene que es necesario abordarlos desde una perspectiva única y personal para que el relato sea genuino y cautivador. Estos temas son el núcleo de muchas de sus narraciones.

💡Contención

La contención es una técnica que Rulfo utiliza para concentrar su narrativa en pocas páginas, evitando divagaciones filosóficas o ensayísticas. Considera que la narrativa, especialmente en el cuento, debe ser precisa y evitar la exposición directa de ideas, dejando que las acciones y los personajes hablen por sí mismos.

💡Imaginación

La imaginación es fundamental en la creación literaria para Rulfo. La describe como una herramienta infinita que permite al escritor escapar de la realidad y crear nuevas ficciones. Rulfo anima a romper el círculo de la imaginación para descubrir nuevas formas de narrar.

💡Miedo a los intelectuales

Rulfo admite tener miedo a los intelectuales y a la academia. Aunque su obra es compleja y reconocida internacionalmente, él se sentía incómodo en contextos académicos y prefería distanciarse de los intentos de intelectualizar su proceso creativo. En el video, se menciona su enfoque práctico y artesanal hacia la escritura, en lugar de un enfoque teórico o intelectual.

Highlights

Juan Rulfo explicó cómo entendía la creación literaria en una conferencia en 1963 en la Escuela de Diseño de la UNAM.

Rulfo creía que la imaginación y la invención eran principios fundamentales de la creación literaria.

Consideraba que todo escritor es un mentiroso, ya que crear es mentir, recreando la realidad a través de la ficción.

Rulfo sugirió tres pasos previos a la escritura: creación del personaje principal, del entorno y la forma en que el personaje se expresará.

Rulfo creía que la escritura no dependía de la inspiración, sino que era un acto de trabajo arduo.

Destacó la importancia de diferenciar la ficción de la realidad y enfocarse en la invención para evitar contar historias reales.

Rulfo veía la soledad como un elemento esencial para la escritura, ya que permite la concentración y el enfoque.

Identificó tres temas básicos de la escritura: vida, muerte y amor, y enfatizó la importancia de tratarlos de manera única.

Rulfo prefería mostrar y no explicar en sus historias, evitando la exposición directa de ideas.

Creía que los personajes debían tener vida propia, desarrollándose de forma autónoma en la narración.

Rulfo se mantenía alejado de la academia e intelectuales, afirmando que el escritor debe ser el menos intelectual de todos.

A pesar de su fama, Rulfo se veía a sí mismo como un simple artesano de la ficción, no un intelectual.

Consideraba la intuición como una herramienta clave en el proceso creativo, guiando al escritor hacia lo desconocido.

Rulfo creía que el verdadero valor de la narrativa estaba en la contención y la brevedad de las palabras.

Su obra ha influido significativamente en la literatura y en la comprensión sociopolítica de México del siglo XX.

Transcripts

the Mexican writer Juan Rulfo of a

conference entitled to the challenge of

creation in the design school of the

National Autonomous University of Mexico

in 1963 that same year months more

later the transcript of

this conference in the magazine of the

same university

in this conference group made a

effort to explain to us how he understood

literary creation with special

attention in his work as a storyteller

sought to explain how his own

creative process or writing method

creative do you want to find out what they were

creative priorities or strategies

from one of the most important writers

20th century in Latin America

[Music]

or Juan Rulfo was born in a town of

state of jalisco in mexico in the year

1917 of the last century in addition to writing

narrative was a scriptwriter and photographer but

his reputation grew thanks to two of

his counted books the storybook

the flaming plain 'my favorite

published in 53 and the novel Pedro

páramo published in 1955 in his works are

represents the rural world and post

revolutionary from mexico where it mixes

realism and fantasy through

dramas that live their characters rulfo

reflects the customs of the country and gives

account of the regular conflicts that

they lived in the country like

consequence of war conflicts

from the beginning of the century with only two

books under the Russian arm got

international recognition was the winner

National Prize for Literature in

1970 and the prince of heights of spain

in 1983 the burning plain

17 stories is a compendium of true

masterpieces and pedro paramo was the

work that concluded a slow process

training that kept him busy during

years a training that assimilated various

foreign literatures from

Scandinavian through Russian and even

the North American literature

tapatío meant a before and after

in Mexican literature especially to

from the publication of pedro paramo

his first novel which is known as

the last revolutionary novel that gives

foot at the beginning of a stage of

narrative experimentation in the mid

century of which later became the

Latin American boom being rulfo a

author so prominent and significant for

the Hispanic narrative is good to know

what will be your creative principles

I will take some of your ideas exposed in

the lecture I quoted at the beginning of

this video to outline his method

creative the intention is that you can

understand it and if you dare put it in

practice to find out how much of it

can serve you or just

contrast it with your way

to creation so that your reflection

serve yours on the way to

recognition of your own method

creative ready 1 I had no one

tell stories or the premise of rulfo

the Mexican explains that he had no one

you will find stories in your town

lived surrounded by closed people who

he preferred to talk about the weather when he

he was close he felt a foreigner between

his own will God know why because he

does not explain it to me leads me to think that

Maybe Rolfo was a child and then a

weird man a person I don't know

others felt comfortable perhaps because of their

introspective and shy character the case

is that nobody told him stories or

a boy or a grown man what prompted him to

tell him he does it himself that was

always its premise considered the

imagination and invention a beginning

fundamental of literary creation 2

the lie and its truth rufous understood that

every writer is a liar because creating

is to lie understood literature as

the great act of lying but that

lie said saleh a recreation of the

reality for

recreate reality through

lie was another of the principles

fundamentals of creation 3 the three

rulfo steps prior to the gulf story

considered necessary to perform three

steps prior to final writing

of all stories in the first place was the

creation of the main character in

second place the creation of the environment

where that character was going to move and in

third place the conception of the form

in which the created character would speak or be

would express the writer said that only

this was enough to tell a story

Despite his fear of the boom in white and

in pencil because it was written by hand

engaged in long processes of a

luck of automatic writing that

I started from those three steps mentioned above

as I did not believe in inspiration then

said that writing was an act of

I work pure and hard thing with which

I agree he began to write

as we say in my land to see what

leaves filled pages and pages with the

intention to discover some word

to give him the key to what he had

what to do, how was it going

to be his work he was looking for a direction to

sometimes I wrote five or ten pages without

that the character he wanted appeared

a living character that moves by itself

only most of the time I wrote without

stop until suddenly the

character and once the

direction was guided by the

intuition of the discovered by feeling

times I was chasing the

character like that

rulfo ended up finding a reality

different from the character or a

unreality that is nothing other than the

fiction the true universe in which

the invented character lives like this

writing with the spirit of an explorer

of archaeologist of his own letters

newly produced rulfo found

also the events that made up the

whole story and even what

I wanted to say through that story 4

differentiate fiction from reality to

rulfo it was essential to think that it is

what he knew what lies was going to

tell

stop to think about the truth that is to say

in the real events or in the reality of

the known things in all that

had seen and heard to make sure

don't count that at all

and focus on the invention because of what

otherwise said is being done

story or report this calls me the

attention because rulfo of this occasion

believes that he did not write about his life or

about nearby events nobody

he told the stories he composed in his

works did not know them first

hand made it all up or at least that

is what he always assured but also

it's true that rulfo grew up in a

rural context surrounded by men

violent people who fought in the revolution

Mexican 1910 or on the call

Cristero revolution that broke out in 1926

was a child who was orphaned from

father and then also mother who is

forced to spend many years of

childhood in an orphanage that seemed more

a correctional facility for minors many of

the conflicts that its characters live

on the burning plain 'correspond with

conflicts that he himself throughout

of his life he could experience in

contexts that were not at all

oblivious to him despite the fact that his life

adult focused on mexico city

Rolf perfectly mastered the field

rural and peasant despite their

concern about detaching oneself from

real facts

my opinion riffo does not leave his world behind

known more still uses it to mount

upon him a new world of fiction filled

of invented events what

proof that the writer writes about what

who knows about his three steps

prior to the story the protagonist the

environment the way of talking about

protagonist for rulfo was the

imagination constantly circulating

for him the imagination was infinite and

I thought you had to break right there

where the circle of the

imagination to open a door

escape where to go so another appears

thing he calls intuition

and said intuition leads one to

think something that has not happened but is

happening in writing 5 loneliness

rulfo learned very early to live in

loneliness being orphaned as a child

what turned him into an adult

hopelessly lonely that he preferred

always be alone to have to

face others

He was even uncomfortable receiving

praise from readers who admired him

he loved his loneliness which undoubtedly

helped to become one of the

coolest writers of the 20th century

for those of us who are dedicated to the profession of

write we know that to focus one

requires a lot of peace and down to the ground

help a lot by source in gave soon

that the writer's work was a

lonely work I thought it was not

possible to get a collective job

writing alone

the author understood that one takes

himself to become a kind of

medium of things unknown

without knowing that only the unconscious

or intuition leads one to create and

keep creating 6 how to treat all three

basic topics or what one wants to say

another fundamental principle of creation

for Rulfo it was stopping to understand what

what did he mean on the subject that

I was trying to say give the

opportunity to understand clearly

what topic was he addressing through the

story and what was he saying

on that subject when dealing with it there are no

more than three basic subjects recognizes Russian

life and death he was very three and

you have to know how to treat them which way

give them so as not to repeat what others already

they have said about them then it was clear

that the treatment given to a

topic should be different although said

subject would have been treated infinity of

times already well even if you were

dealing with the same topic that they had already

treatise virgilio the chinese or who

were you had to find one

unique and highly personal perspective being

this what causes the story

told unleash interest and get to call

the attention of others thought that

publish the story the topic addressed in

he died next to the story because the author

I stopped thinking about him instead if he

subject did not disappear from the mind of the

author meant that you had to follow

trying it maybe starting a new

story until I find out why I don't know

I could have left the subject behind maybe

in the same story published for

understand failure 7 prove it and not

explain according to rulfo he let those

characters functioned by themselves without

need to depend on him that

it is not another thing to say that it built

their characters

fundamentally that I managed to equip them with

a life of his own that helped him take

with ease all kinds of decisions

on the direction that the

lives of said characters but it is

curious the way the author did

reference to your procedure

talking about their characters as entities

able to be autonomous to escape from

his control and asked me the reason why

that he understood it like that and that was how he exposed it

when it was he who controlled the

characters and not the characters

had autonomy felt that then he

entered the wandering of the

essay in the elucubration exercise

until you get your own ideas

in the text through the character

feeling like a kind of philosopher when

doing this was recognized trying to do

believe an ideology and your personal vision

of life the world or human beings

as if this is something a storyteller

it shouldn't be through their stories

but rulfo was worried about this

I particularly felt that when

this by having control over it

character and transmit through him

a series of ideas he became

essayist and his text an essay what

he hated it was not difficult for him to understand that

there could be many essay novels

but I also knew that as a general rule

the genre that lent itself least to

essay is precisely the story and there

perhaps the origin of your concern

understood the novel as a genre that

covers all genders a sack where

all there were stories plays

essays for which he respected so much the

I count as a genre considering the most

important that the novel for

write stories you have to focus on

a few pages to say many

things with little forcing the brake without

running wild, what was essential was precisely

that is containment and in an exercise of

containment does not fit in speculations

for me this is what rolfo understood

for showing and not explaining then in

narrative especially when not

dominate the narrative genres falls

easily into the temptation of the

direct exposure and he

of the facts the feelings

emotions and the meaning it should have

all together and that was precisely

what rulfo was trying to avoid through

of containment that forced him to

focus on a few pages

forcing himself to do so he forgot

philosophies and ideas and focused on

action and in characters 8 the fear of

the academy to the intellectuals and the

power of the word cross fox put these

ideas that make up the basis of your method

creative in an academic context that

he listened carefully he was a cultured man

and respected who got fame

international with just two works

published what nobody or almost nobody has

achieved in the history of the

literature when I was a student

university and I met rulfo reading it

and analyzing it in the classroom I understood that

contrary to the complex rhetoric of his

prose and his obvious mastery of the trade

narrative was about an author who

outside of his own work had

difficulties explaining what he was doing

how and why he did it mainly

because he was terrified of the seriousness of the

academy and the world of

current of which ironically formed

part to those who listened to him in this

conference apologized for the way

in which he spoke was elementary and without

ampules openly acknowledging their

fear of intellectuals and their attempts

to avoid them at all costs considered that

the writer must be the least

intellectual of all thinkers said

rolf because your ideas and thoughts

are personal things that they do not have for

what to influence others

Juan Rulfo's work has been one of the

most significant 20th century

measured by the capacity of your

fictional universe to expose the whole

world the customs of the Mexican countryside

and the conflicts of a country that was opening

step towards democracy I find it hard to believe

that rulfo was not aware of it or

that refused to recognize it and with it

the importance of their work and

transcendence of his ideas but I

I believe because behind that star of the

narrative that we know today inhabits a

man full of insecurities and fears

understand yourself as a mere

artisan of fiction that makes relapse

about their characters all

ideological responsibility makes me

question their self-esteem because being

great the power of his word preferred

to think that he should be the least

intellectual of the writers inocar

much in the realization that their stories

although he did not pretend they were

sharing a vision to the world

very personal authentic and full of

It is true that it has indeed had a

great influence on literature and

understanding of Mexico's socio-political

early 20th century what ever

It could be said that Rulfo was not a

humble and simple noble man putting

for example a few masterpieces

that today constitute the catalog of the

universal literature if you liked this

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