El método de escritura creativa de Juan Rulfo | Taller de Escritura Creativa de Israel Pintor
Summary
TLDREn esta conferencia, Juan Rulfo, destacado escritor mexicano del siglo XX, reflexiona sobre su proceso creativo y sus principios literarios. Rulfo destaca la importancia de la imaginación, la mentira como recreación de la realidad y el enfoque en los personajes, el ambiente y su expresión. Explica su método basado en la escritura automática y su resistencia a la inspiración. Rulfo subraya la necesidad de soledad en el proceso creativo y critica a la academia y a los intelectuales, abogando por una literatura que surge de la intuición y la sinceridad, alejada de ideologías y explicaciones directas.
Takeaways
- 📚 Juan Rulfo no creció rodeado de narradores, lo que lo impulsó a crear sus propias historias desde la imaginación y la invención.
- 📝 Rulfo entendía la creación literaria como un acto de mentir, pero en el sentido de recrear la realidad mediante la ficción.
- 🎭 Para escribir una historia, Rulfo seguía tres pasos: crear el personaje principal, establecer su entorno, y definir la forma en la que hablaría o se expresaría.
- ✍️ No creía en la inspiración, sino que veía la escritura como un trabajo arduo, a menudo dejando que el personaje surgiera durante el proceso.
- 🔮 Diferenciaba la ficción de la realidad, asegurándose de que lo que escribía no reflejara hechos reales de su vida personal, aunque a menudo estos influían indirectamente.
- 🏞 Rulfo utilizaba su conocimiento del mundo rural mexicano para crear ficciones nuevas, aunque creciera en ese contexto.
- 🧠 Creía que los temas esenciales en la literatura eran la vida y la muerte, y que debían tratarse de manera original, aunque ya hubieran sido abordados por otros autores.
- 👥 Consideraba la escritura un acto solitario y prefería evitar la intelectualización de su obra, dejando que los personajes funcionaran por sí mismos.
- ✒️ Veía el cuento como un género que requiere contención, donde no hay espacio para especulaciones filosóficas, a diferencia de la novela.
- 💬 Tenía temor de la academia y los intelectuales, consideraba que un escritor debía ser el menos intelectual de los pensadores, ya que sus ideas eran personales y no debían influir en los demás.
Q & A
¿Cuál fue el enfoque principal de la conferencia de Juan Rulfo en 1963 en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México?
-En la conferencia, Juan Rulfo trató de explicar cómo entendía el proceso de creación literaria, enfocándose en su método creativo como narrador y describiendo sus prioridades y estrategias en la escritura.
¿Qué importancia tienen los libros de Rulfo 'El llano en llamas' y 'Pedro Páramo' en su obra literaria?
-Estos dos libros son fundamentales en la obra de Rulfo. 'El llano en llamas' es una colección de cuentos que refleja el México rural y postrevolucionario, mientras que 'Pedro Páramo' es una novela considerada un punto de inflexión en la literatura mexicana y el inicio de una etapa de experimentación narrativa.
¿Cómo veía Rulfo el acto de creación literaria en relación con la realidad y la ficción?
-Rulfo consideraba que la creación literaria implicaba una forma de 'mentir', ya que escribir es recrear la realidad mediante la invención. Para él, la ficción era una herramienta para transformar y reinterpretar el mundo real.
¿Cuáles eran los tres pasos que Rulfo consideraba necesarios antes de escribir una historia?
-Los tres pasos eran: la creación del personaje principal, la creación del entorno donde se movería ese personaje, y la concepción de la forma en que el personaje se expresaría.
¿Por qué Rulfo tenía una actitud escéptica hacia la inspiración en el proceso de escritura?
-Rulfo no creía en la inspiración como motor creativo. Para él, escribir era un acto de trabajo arduo. Describía la escritura como un proceso largo que implicaba escribir y reescribir hasta que los personajes cobraran vida y se encontrara la dirección de la historia.
¿Cómo influía la soledad en el proceso creativo de Rulfo?
-La soledad fue una parte esencial de la vida de Rulfo, desde su infancia hasta su adultez. Esta soledad lo ayudó a concentrarse en su escritura, ya que creía que el trabajo de un escritor era necesariamente solitario.
¿Qué temas consideraba Rulfo como los fundamentales en la literatura?
-Rulfo creía que solo había tres temas fundamentales en la literatura: la vida, la muerte y el amor. Estos temas debían tratarse de manera personal y única, evitando repetir lo que ya se había dicho sobre ellos.
¿Cómo trataba Rulfo a sus personajes en sus obras?
-Rulfo permitía que sus personajes funcionaran por sí mismos, sin depender de él. Les otorgaba una vida propia, lo que lo ayudaba a tomar decisiones sobre la dirección de la historia de manera intuitiva.
¿Cuál era la postura de Rulfo sobre el papel del escritor como intelectual?
-Rulfo pensaba que el escritor debía ser el menos intelectual de todos los pensadores. Creía que las ideas y pensamientos del escritor no debían influir en los demás de manera directa y prefería evitar el academicismo y la especulación filosófica en sus textos.
¿Cómo manejaba Rulfo la diferencia entre ficción y realidad en sus historias?
-Rulfo diferenciaba claramente entre ficción y realidad. Se basaba en sus experiencias de vida rural para crear sus historias, pero evitaba contar hechos reales, prefiriendo la invención y la construcción de un universo ficticio que reinterpretara su mundo conocido.
Outlines
📚 Creación literaria de Juan Rulfo
Este párrafo introduce a Juan Rulfo, un escritor mexicano reconocido, y su conferencia en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en 1963. Rulfo, además de ser escritor, era guionista y fotógrafo. Sus obras, 'El llano en llamas' y 'Pedro Páramo', reflejan la realidad rural y postrevolucionaria de México, mezclando realismo y fantasía. A pesar de tener solo dos libros, ganó el Premio Nacional de Literatura en 1970 y el Príncipe de Asturias en 1983. Se destaca como un escritor clave en la literatura mexicana y latinoamericana, especialmente después de la publicación de 'Pedro Páramo'.
🎨 Proceso creativo de Juan Rulfo
Rulfo explica su enfoque en la creación literaria, destacando la imaginación y la invención como principios fundamentales. Para él, la escritura es un acto de mentira que recrea la realidad. Describe tres pasos previos a la escritura de una historia: crear al personaje principal, el entorno en el que se mueve y la forma en que se expresará. Rulfo enfatiza la importancia de la soledad y la introspección en su proceso creativo, y cómo la literatura debe diferenciarse de la realidad para construir una narrativa única y personal.
🌟 Influencia y legado de Rulfo
Este párrafo explora la influencia de Rulfo en la literatura universal y su capacidad para exponer la vida y costumbres del campo mexicano. Aunque Rulfo aparentemente evitaba la seriedad académica y la intelectualización de su trabajo, su legado demuestra una profunda comprensión de la realidad social y política de México en el siglo XX. A pesar de sus inseguridades y temores, su obra ha tenido un impacto significativo en la literatura y la percepción del mundo.
📖 Invitación a la reflexión y creación literaria
El último párrafo es una invitación al público para reflexionar sobre la obra de Rulfo y su impacto en la narrativa. Se ofrece la posibilidad de recibir feedback o asesoramiento privado sobre la creación literaria a través de la página web del presentador, Israel Painter, quien se identifica como un coach y docente de escritura y narrativa creativa.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Creación literaria
💡Realidad y ficción
💡Personaje
💡Intuición
💡Soledad
💡Inventiva
💡Temas universales
💡Contención
💡Imaginación
💡Miedo a los intelectuales
Highlights
Juan Rulfo explicó cómo entendía la creación literaria en una conferencia en 1963 en la Escuela de Diseño de la UNAM.
Rulfo creía que la imaginación y la invención eran principios fundamentales de la creación literaria.
Consideraba que todo escritor es un mentiroso, ya que crear es mentir, recreando la realidad a través de la ficción.
Rulfo sugirió tres pasos previos a la escritura: creación del personaje principal, del entorno y la forma en que el personaje se expresará.
Rulfo creía que la escritura no dependía de la inspiración, sino que era un acto de trabajo arduo.
Destacó la importancia de diferenciar la ficción de la realidad y enfocarse en la invención para evitar contar historias reales.
Rulfo veía la soledad como un elemento esencial para la escritura, ya que permite la concentración y el enfoque.
Identificó tres temas básicos de la escritura: vida, muerte y amor, y enfatizó la importancia de tratarlos de manera única.
Rulfo prefería mostrar y no explicar en sus historias, evitando la exposición directa de ideas.
Creía que los personajes debían tener vida propia, desarrollándose de forma autónoma en la narración.
Rulfo se mantenía alejado de la academia e intelectuales, afirmando que el escritor debe ser el menos intelectual de todos.
A pesar de su fama, Rulfo se veía a sí mismo como un simple artesano de la ficción, no un intelectual.
Consideraba la intuición como una herramienta clave en el proceso creativo, guiando al escritor hacia lo desconocido.
Rulfo creía que el verdadero valor de la narrativa estaba en la contención y la brevedad de las palabras.
Su obra ha influido significativamente en la literatura y en la comprensión sociopolítica de México del siglo XX.
Transcripts
the Mexican writer Juan Rulfo of a
conference entitled to the challenge of
creation in the design school of the
National Autonomous University of Mexico
in 1963 that same year months more
later the transcript of
this conference in the magazine of the
same university
in this conference group made a
effort to explain to us how he understood
literary creation with special
attention in his work as a storyteller
sought to explain how his own
creative process or writing method
creative do you want to find out what they were
creative priorities or strategies
from one of the most important writers
20th century in Latin America
[Music]
or Juan Rulfo was born in a town of
state of jalisco in mexico in the year
1917 of the last century in addition to writing
narrative was a scriptwriter and photographer but
his reputation grew thanks to two of
his counted books the storybook
the flaming plain 'my favorite
published in 53 and the novel Pedro
páramo published in 1955 in his works are
represents the rural world and post
revolutionary from mexico where it mixes
realism and fantasy through
dramas that live their characters rulfo
reflects the customs of the country and gives
account of the regular conflicts that
they lived in the country like
consequence of war conflicts
from the beginning of the century with only two
books under the Russian arm got
international recognition was the winner
National Prize for Literature in
1970 and the prince of heights of spain
in 1983 the burning plain
17 stories is a compendium of true
masterpieces and pedro paramo was the
work that concluded a slow process
training that kept him busy during
years a training that assimilated various
foreign literatures from
Scandinavian through Russian and even
the North American literature
tapatío meant a before and after
in Mexican literature especially to
from the publication of pedro paramo
his first novel which is known as
the last revolutionary novel that gives
foot at the beginning of a stage of
narrative experimentation in the mid
century of which later became the
Latin American boom being rulfo a
author so prominent and significant for
the Hispanic narrative is good to know
what will be your creative principles
I will take some of your ideas exposed in
the lecture I quoted at the beginning of
this video to outline his method
creative the intention is that you can
understand it and if you dare put it in
practice to find out how much of it
can serve you or just
contrast it with your way
to creation so that your reflection
serve yours on the way to
recognition of your own method
creative ready 1 I had no one
tell stories or the premise of rulfo
the Mexican explains that he had no one
you will find stories in your town
lived surrounded by closed people who
he preferred to talk about the weather when he
he was close he felt a foreigner between
his own will God know why because he
does not explain it to me leads me to think that
Maybe Rolfo was a child and then a
weird man a person I don't know
others felt comfortable perhaps because of their
introspective and shy character the case
is that nobody told him stories or
a boy or a grown man what prompted him to
tell him he does it himself that was
always its premise considered the
imagination and invention a beginning
fundamental of literary creation 2
the lie and its truth rufous understood that
every writer is a liar because creating
is to lie understood literature as
the great act of lying but that
lie said saleh a recreation of the
reality for
recreate reality through
lie was another of the principles
fundamentals of creation 3 the three
rulfo steps prior to the gulf story
considered necessary to perform three
steps prior to final writing
of all stories in the first place was the
creation of the main character in
second place the creation of the environment
where that character was going to move and in
third place the conception of the form
in which the created character would speak or be
would express the writer said that only
this was enough to tell a story
Despite his fear of the boom in white and
in pencil because it was written by hand
engaged in long processes of a
luck of automatic writing that
I started from those three steps mentioned above
as I did not believe in inspiration then
said that writing was an act of
I work pure and hard thing with which
I agree he began to write
as we say in my land to see what
leaves filled pages and pages with the
intention to discover some word
to give him the key to what he had
what to do, how was it going
to be his work he was looking for a direction to
sometimes I wrote five or ten pages without
that the character he wanted appeared
a living character that moves by itself
only most of the time I wrote without
stop until suddenly the
character and once the
direction was guided by the
intuition of the discovered by feeling
times I was chasing the
character like that
rulfo ended up finding a reality
different from the character or a
unreality that is nothing other than the
fiction the true universe in which
the invented character lives like this
writing with the spirit of an explorer
of archaeologist of his own letters
newly produced rulfo found
also the events that made up the
whole story and even what
I wanted to say through that story 4
differentiate fiction from reality to
rulfo it was essential to think that it is
what he knew what lies was going to
tell
stop to think about the truth that is to say
in the real events or in the reality of
the known things in all that
had seen and heard to make sure
don't count that at all
and focus on the invention because of what
otherwise said is being done
story or report this calls me the
attention because rulfo of this occasion
believes that he did not write about his life or
about nearby events nobody
he told the stories he composed in his
works did not know them first
hand made it all up or at least that
is what he always assured but also
it's true that rulfo grew up in a
rural context surrounded by men
violent people who fought in the revolution
Mexican 1910 or on the call
Cristero revolution that broke out in 1926
was a child who was orphaned from
father and then also mother who is
forced to spend many years of
childhood in an orphanage that seemed more
a correctional facility for minors many of
the conflicts that its characters live
on the burning plain 'correspond with
conflicts that he himself throughout
of his life he could experience in
contexts that were not at all
oblivious to him despite the fact that his life
adult focused on mexico city
Rolf perfectly mastered the field
rural and peasant despite their
concern about detaching oneself from
real facts
my opinion riffo does not leave his world behind
known more still uses it to mount
upon him a new world of fiction filled
of invented events what
proof that the writer writes about what
who knows about his three steps
prior to the story the protagonist the
environment the way of talking about
protagonist for rulfo was the
imagination constantly circulating
for him the imagination was infinite and
I thought you had to break right there
where the circle of the
imagination to open a door
escape where to go so another appears
thing he calls intuition
and said intuition leads one to
think something that has not happened but is
happening in writing 5 loneliness
rulfo learned very early to live in
loneliness being orphaned as a child
what turned him into an adult
hopelessly lonely that he preferred
always be alone to have to
face others
He was even uncomfortable receiving
praise from readers who admired him
he loved his loneliness which undoubtedly
helped to become one of the
coolest writers of the 20th century
for those of us who are dedicated to the profession of
write we know that to focus one
requires a lot of peace and down to the ground
help a lot by source in gave soon
that the writer's work was a
lonely work I thought it was not
possible to get a collective job
writing alone
the author understood that one takes
himself to become a kind of
medium of things unknown
without knowing that only the unconscious
or intuition leads one to create and
keep creating 6 how to treat all three
basic topics or what one wants to say
another fundamental principle of creation
for Rulfo it was stopping to understand what
what did he mean on the subject that
I was trying to say give the
opportunity to understand clearly
what topic was he addressing through the
story and what was he saying
on that subject when dealing with it there are no
more than three basic subjects recognizes Russian
life and death he was very three and
you have to know how to treat them which way
give them so as not to repeat what others already
they have said about them then it was clear
that the treatment given to a
topic should be different although said
subject would have been treated infinity of
times already well even if you were
dealing with the same topic that they had already
treatise virgilio the chinese or who
were you had to find one
unique and highly personal perspective being
this what causes the story
told unleash interest and get to call
the attention of others thought that
publish the story the topic addressed in
he died next to the story because the author
I stopped thinking about him instead if he
subject did not disappear from the mind of the
author meant that you had to follow
trying it maybe starting a new
story until I find out why I don't know
I could have left the subject behind maybe
in the same story published for
understand failure 7 prove it and not
explain according to rulfo he let those
characters functioned by themselves without
need to depend on him that
it is not another thing to say that it built
their characters
fundamentally that I managed to equip them with
a life of his own that helped him take
with ease all kinds of decisions
on the direction that the
lives of said characters but it is
curious the way the author did
reference to your procedure
talking about their characters as entities
able to be autonomous to escape from
his control and asked me the reason why
that he understood it like that and that was how he exposed it
when it was he who controlled the
characters and not the characters
had autonomy felt that then he
entered the wandering of the
essay in the elucubration exercise
until you get your own ideas
in the text through the character
feeling like a kind of philosopher when
doing this was recognized trying to do
believe an ideology and your personal vision
of life the world or human beings
as if this is something a storyteller
it shouldn't be through their stories
but rulfo was worried about this
I particularly felt that when
this by having control over it
character and transmit through him
a series of ideas he became
essayist and his text an essay what
he hated it was not difficult for him to understand that
there could be many essay novels
but I also knew that as a general rule
the genre that lent itself least to
essay is precisely the story and there
perhaps the origin of your concern
understood the novel as a genre that
covers all genders a sack where
all there were stories plays
essays for which he respected so much the
I count as a genre considering the most
important that the novel for
write stories you have to focus on
a few pages to say many
things with little forcing the brake without
running wild, what was essential was precisely
that is containment and in an exercise of
containment does not fit in speculations
for me this is what rolfo understood
for showing and not explaining then in
narrative especially when not
dominate the narrative genres falls
easily into the temptation of the
direct exposure and he
of the facts the feelings
emotions and the meaning it should have
all together and that was precisely
what rulfo was trying to avoid through
of containment that forced him to
focus on a few pages
forcing himself to do so he forgot
philosophies and ideas and focused on
action and in characters 8 the fear of
the academy to the intellectuals and the
power of the word cross fox put these
ideas that make up the basis of your method
creative in an academic context that
he listened carefully he was a cultured man
and respected who got fame
international with just two works
published what nobody or almost nobody has
achieved in the history of the
literature when I was a student
university and I met rulfo reading it
and analyzing it in the classroom I understood that
contrary to the complex rhetoric of his
prose and his obvious mastery of the trade
narrative was about an author who
outside of his own work had
difficulties explaining what he was doing
how and why he did it mainly
because he was terrified of the seriousness of the
academy and the world of
current of which ironically formed
part to those who listened to him in this
conference apologized for the way
in which he spoke was elementary and without
ampules openly acknowledging their
fear of intellectuals and their attempts
to avoid them at all costs considered that
the writer must be the least
intellectual of all thinkers said
rolf because your ideas and thoughts
are personal things that they do not have for
what to influence others
Juan Rulfo's work has been one of the
most significant 20th century
measured by the capacity of your
fictional universe to expose the whole
world the customs of the Mexican countryside
and the conflicts of a country that was opening
step towards democracy I find it hard to believe
that rulfo was not aware of it or
that refused to recognize it and with it
the importance of their work and
transcendence of his ideas but I
I believe because behind that star of the
narrative that we know today inhabits a
man full of insecurities and fears
understand yourself as a mere
artisan of fiction that makes relapse
about their characters all
ideological responsibility makes me
question their self-esteem because being
great the power of his word preferred
to think that he should be the least
intellectual of the writers inocar
much in the realization that their stories
although he did not pretend they were
sharing a vision to the world
very personal authentic and full of
It is true that it has indeed had a
great influence on literature and
understanding of Mexico's socio-political
early 20th century what ever
It could be said that Rulfo was not a
humble and simple noble man putting
for example a few masterpieces
that today constitute the catalog of the
universal literature if you liked this
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