What is Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory? Process of Model of Motivation
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory, a pivotal yet underappreciated model in motivation for managers. Vroom's theory posits that motivation hinges on three factors: expectancy (belief in achieving desired outcomes through effort), instrumentality (confidence in receiving rewards for results), and valence (the perceived satisfaction from the reward). The video illustrates these concepts with a relatable example of a parent seeking to motivate their children to clean a car. It emphasizes the importance of aligning tasks, rewards, and personal satisfaction to bolster motivation, offering actionable insights for managers.
Takeaways
- 📚 Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory is a crucial model for understanding motivation in management, despite being less well-known.
- 🧮 The theory is often overlooked because it's expressed in mathematical terms, which can be intimidating for some.
- 👨👧👦 The theory is explained through a relatable example involving a parent asking their children to clean a car, illustrating different motivational factors.
- 🔗 Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to a desired outcome, and if low, it decreases motivation.
- 🎯 Instrumentality is the belief that achieving the outcome will lead to receiving the promised reward; if doubted, it weakens motivation.
- 🎁 Valence is the perceived satisfaction or value of the reward, and if it's too low, it doesn't motivate despite high expectancy and instrumentality.
- 🔗 The model suggests that motivation is the product of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence, highlighting the importance of all three components.
- 🔑 As managers, understanding this model can help in setting achievable tasks, ensuring rewards are credible, and offering rewards that are truly valued.
- 🔄 The theory doesn't dictate what motivates individuals but explains how the chain of motivation operates when any link is weak or broken.
- 📈 The equation for motivation is represented as M = E x I x V, where M is motivation, E is expectancy, I is instrumentality, and V is valence.
- 👍 The video encourages viewers to engage with the content by liking and subscribing for more management and motivation insights.
Q & A
What is Victor Vroom's expectancy theory?
-Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is a model of motivation that suggests motivation is a function of an individual's expectation that effort will lead to performance, the instrumentality of performance leading to rewards, and the valence or satisfaction associated with the rewards.
Why is expectancy theory considered valuable for managers?
-Expectancy theory is valuable for managers because it provides a framework to understand how motivation works and how to enhance it. It helps managers to set achievable tasks, ensure rewards are credible and valued by employees, and thus improve overall motivation.
What does the term 'expectancy' refer to in the context of Vroom's theory?
-In Vroom's theory, 'expectancy' refers to an individual's belief that effort will lead to the desired performance outcome.
How does 'instrumentality' differ from 'expectancy' in Vroom's model?
-While 'expectancy' is about the belief that effort leads to performance, 'instrumentality' is about the belief that achieving the performance will lead to the promised reward.
What is 'valence' in Victor Vroom's theory?
-'Valence' in Victor Vroom's theory refers to the perceived satisfaction or value an individual associates with the reward they expect to receive.
Why might an individual not be motivated even if they are capable, according to the script?
-An individual might not be motivated if they have low expectancy, instrumentality, or valence. They might not believe their effort will lead to performance, doubt that performance will result in the promised reward, or not find the reward satisfying enough.
What is the significance of the mathematical equation in Vroom's expectancy theory?
-The mathematical equation in Vroom's expectancy theory illustrates that motivation is the product of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. It signifies that motivation is low if any of these factors is low or zero.
How can a manager use the expectancy theory to improve motivation among team members?
-A manager can use the expectancy theory by ensuring tasks are achievable, rewards are credible and valued, and understanding what rewards are satisfying to team members, thus addressing all three components of the motivation chain.
What is the role of rewards in motivating employees according to the expectancy theory?
-According to the expectancy theory, rewards play a crucial role in motivating employees as they represent the valence component, which is the perceived satisfaction or value of the reward.
Can you provide an example from the script that illustrates the concept of 'instrumentality'?
-In the script, the older daughter expects that she will clean the car and achieve a good result, but she doubts she will receive the promised reward due to past experiences, thus illustrating the concept of 'instrumentality'.
How does the valence component affect motivation in the context of the younger son's decision not to clean the car?
-The younger son in the script has high expectancy and instrumentality but decides not to clean the car because the valence, or the satisfaction he would get from the reward, is low since he currently doesn't want the promised reward and prefers spending time with friends.
Outlines
🚗 Understanding Motivation Through Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory
This paragraph introduces Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which is a crucial yet often misunderstood model in the field of motivation. The theory is presented through a relatable scenario where a father asks his children to clean the car, illustrating how motivation is influenced by the children's expectations of receiving a promised reward. The father's older son is not motivated due to past negative experiences, indicating low expectancy. The older daughter, despite expecting a positive outcome, is let down by the father's inconsistent follow-through, highlighting the concept of instrumentality. The younger son, who has both high expectancy and instrumentality, is not motivated because the reward does not hold value for him, introducing the concept of valence. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of understanding these three components—expectancy, instrumentality, and valence—for effective motivation.
🔗 The Chain of Motivation: Effort, Performance, Outcome, and Satisfaction
The second paragraph delves deeper into the mechanics of the motivation chain as proposed by Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory. It explains how motivation is directly tied to an individual's belief in their ability to exert effort and achieve a desired outcome, and the value they place on the resulting reward. The paragraph uses a simple equation to represent this relationship: Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence. It underscores the importance of managers understanding and strengthening each link in this chain to boost motivation among team members. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content, subscribe to the channel, and continue learning about management strategies.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Expectancy Theory
💡Instrumentality
💡Valence
💡Motivation
💡Equation
💡Reward
💡Effort
💡Performance
💡Outcome
💡Management
💡Resources
Highlights
Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is a valuable yet underappreciated model for understanding motivation.
The theory is often overlooked due to its mathematical expression, which can be off-putting for some.
Expectancy theory will be explained through a simple, relatable example involving cleaning a car.
The first component of the theory is 'expectancy,' which relates to the belief that effort will lead to a desired outcome.
Instrumentality is the second component, referring to the belief that achieving the outcome will lead to receiving the promised reward.
Valence is the third component, which is about the satisfaction derived from the reward.
All three components must be strong for motivation to be high; a weak link in the chain reduces motivation.
The theory is represented by a simple equation: Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence.
Understanding expectancy theory can help managers set achievable tasks for their team.
Managers must ensure that promised rewards are credible to maintain instrumentality.
Offering rewards with high valence is crucial for motivating team members.
The video provides a practical application of the theory using a family scenario.
The importance of each component in the motivation chain is emphasized through the example.
The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content and subscribe for more.
The video promises more management courses and content for continuous learning.
Transcripts
have you ever found that someone who
should be motivated in a situation isn't
if you have if you've ever wondered
what's going on and then one of the most
valuable models for you is going to be
Victor vroom z-- expectancy theory it
arguably is one of the least understood
and most valuable models for any manager
in the field of motivation and that's
what we'll look at in this video
Victor runes expectancy theory of
motivation is probably less well known
and it should be because he expressed it
in mathematical terms he wrote an
equation for it and people don't like
equation so I I'm not going to give you
an equation to at the very end of this
video by then you'll already understand
the theory and the equation we'll just
complete the picture for you to help you
understand the theory I'm going to
consider a very simple example I have a
car I want to clean it but I'm not gonna
do it myself because I've got four
children and any one of them could clean
it for me
and each of them could do a good job so
I go to my older son and I ask my oldest
son if he will clean the car I promised
him a great reward if he does but he
says and no I don't think I want to
clean the car for you because every time
I've cleaned the car for you in the past
you've always found fault with the work
I've done you've never been happy with
it it always just gets me frustrated so
ask someone else what's going on why
doesn't my son what's going on why
doesn't my son once clean the car well
Victor vroom would have described this
in terms of expectancy my son doesn't
expect that if he puts in the work he
will get the outcome for which he would
be rewarded
if expectancy is low then so is
motivation so I go to my older daughter
and I ask her if she wants to clean the
car promising her a great reward if she
does well dad who says every time I
clean the car I do a good job and you
always appreciate the work I've done but
here's the thing you always promised to
get me a present and you always seem to
forget so you know what I don't think I
want to do it ask someone else now
what's going on with my older daughter
isn't about expectancy she expects that
if she puts in the work she will get the
result if the problem is what room would
describe as instrumentality my older
daughter doesn't believe that getting
the result that's required will be
instrumental in her receiving the reward
if instrumentality is low then so is
motivation it's like a chain expectancy
has to be strong and so does
instrumentality if either link in the
chain is weak then so will motivation be
so let's go to my younger son I asked
him if he wants to clean the car and he
says well dad every time I do the work I
get a great result and you're always
happy with it and whenever I do a good
job you always buy me the present you
promise the thing is that there is
nothing I particularly want at the
moment what I really want to do is spend
some time with my friends so the first
two links in the chain from my younger
son are complete he does the work he
gets the result high level of expectancy
he also believes that if he gets the
result it will be instrumental in him
achieving the reward that is promised so
that's high instrumentality but the
problem for him is what Victor vroom
would call the valence the satisfaction
that he will feel at receiving the
reward for him either the value of the
reward is too low or even if I'm
offering an extravagant reward for doing
the work it will not satisfy him enough
if the valence is low the perceived
satisfaction with the reward that is
promised is too low then so is
motivation three links in the chain all
have to be complete and that's Rooms
model of motivation it doesn't tell us
anything about what motivates us it
tells us about how that chain of
motivation works
the chain runs from effort so
performance outcome the satisfaction or
the value we feel in the reward we get
and if any link in that chain is weak
then so is motivation
and we can represent that as bits of
room did as a simple equation the
motivation that we feel
it's the expectancy times the
instrumentality times the valence and
simple math tells us that if any of
those terms is too low then motivation
will be low and if any of those terms is
zero then there will be no motivation so
how does this help us as managers it
helps us as managers because firstly we
have to set work that our team members
and colleagues believe is possible they
have to believe that with the resources
they have the skills and knowledge that
time you've allocated they can do the
work and achieve the results that is
expected of them if they don't believe
that I have low expectancy secondly they
have to believe that if you make some
promise of rewards or if your
organization makes a promise a reward
that they will actually receive that
reward and how many times have we
encountered organizations that promise
pay rises or bonuses and don't fulfill
on those promises and of course that
poisons motivation down the line because
of instrumentality
and thirdly as a manager if you are
going to motivate me to do something you
have to make me an offer of a reward
that will give me a sense of
satisfaction will have a high valence if
I don't anticipate being pleased by the
reward then I won't be motivated that's
the chain of motivation that is a
fictive Rooms
expectancy model of motivation please
give us a thumbs up if you liked this
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courses content to come so please
subscribe to our channel and hit the
belt to make sure you don't miss any
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video
and in the meantime keep learning
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