The July Revolution of 1830

Summary

This video script narrates the July Revolution of 1830 in France, also known as 'Les Trois Glorieuses.' It details the political turmoil leading to the fall of King Charles X, his unpopular policies, and the subsequent rise of Louis Philippe I. The revolution, though brief, solidified the permanence of revolutionary ideas and the people's resistance to monarchical abuses of power.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The French Revolution of 1789 was just the beginning of a long process of political upheaval in France, not an immediate transition to a republic.
• 🔄 It took 77 years, 2 empires, 3 revolutions, 7 coalition wars, and 9 monarchs before France's last monarch, Napoleon III, was deposed in 1870.
• 👑 Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo and subsequent exile led to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy under Louis XVIII.
• 📜 Louis XVIII's acceptance of the Constitutional Charter helped maintain peace and stability, and set the stage for France's industrial revolution.
• 👴 The reign of Charles X, Louis XVIII's successor, was marked by policies that favored the old aristocracy and undermined the Constitutional Charter, leading to his unpopularity.
• 🗳️ The July Revolution, or 'Les Trois Glorieuses', was a significant event where the commercial bourgeoisie and the public反抗ed against Charles X's attempts to restrict freedoms and reduce the electorate.
• 🚩 The revolution resulted in the establishment of a provisional government and the ascension of Louis Philippe I, who was seen as a more people-friendly monarch.
• ⚔️ The revolution was characterized by fierce street fighting, with the people of Paris constructing barricades and battling royalist troops.
• 🏛️ Key locations such as the Hôtel de Ville and the Tuileries Palace were captured by revolutionaries, symbolizing the fall of royalist control.
• 📉 The revolution had ripple effects across Europe, inspiring uprisings in Poland and leading to the creation of Belgium.

Q & A

How many years did it take for France to establish a republic after the 1789 French Revolution?

It took 77 years for France to establish a republic after the 1789 French Revolution.

What significant event occurred on June 18th, 1815, involving Napoleon?

On June 18th, 1815, Napoleon committed his last reserves, including his elite troops, the Old Guard, during the Battle of Waterloo.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Waterloo for Napoleon and France?

Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, which led to his exile to the island of Saint Helena and the imposition of the Treaty of Vienna on France.

What was the Treaty of Vienna's impact on France's borders and monarchy?

The Treaty of Vienna brought France's borders back to their 1791 position and restored the Bourbon monarchy under Louis XVIII.

What was the Constitutional Charter and why was it significant during Louis XVIII's reign?

The Constitutional Charter was a document accepted by Louis XVIII that guaranteed the rights gained during the revolution and maintained most of the reforms, including the Napoleonic Code.

Why was Charles X's reign marked by controversy and what were some of his unpopular decisions?

Charles X's reign was marked by controversy due to his ultra-royalist policies, such as compensating nobles whose estates were confiscated during the revolution and passing anti-blasphemy laws.

What was the significance of the National Guard's reaction to Charles X during his review on the Champ de Mars?

The National Guard's cold reception and refusal to remove their hats during Charles X's review symbolized growing hostility towards the king and his policies.

What was the outcome of the legislative elections in November of the same year as the Champ de Mars incident?

The legislative elections resulted in a significant defeat for the ultra-royalists, with liberals gaining 153 deputies, indicating a shift in political power.

What were the Saint-Cloud Ordinances and why did they provoke the July Revolution?

The Saint-Cloud Ordinances were a series of measures issued by Charles X that suspended the freedom of the press, dissolved the assembly, and reduced the electoral body. These measures provoked the July Revolution due to their autocratic nature and disregard for the people's rights.

How did the people of Paris respond to the Saint-Cloud Ordinances and what was the result?

The people of Paris responded to the Saint-Cloud Ordinances with outrage, leading to protests, the establishment of barricades, and eventually the capture of key government buildings, which resulted in the July Revolution.

Who became the new King of France after the July Revolution and what changes did he implement?

Louis Philippe I, the Duc D'Orléans, became the new King of France after the July Revolution. He implemented changes such as renaming himself as King of the French, adopting the tricolor flag, and presenting himself as the people's King.