As Revoluções de 1830 e 1848

Summary

This video explores the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in France, detailing key events and political shifts. It begins with the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy after the Napoleonic era and the failure of the Congress of Vienna's attempt to restore absolutism. The 1830 Revolution marks the end of French absolutism, leading to a constitutional monarchy under Louis-Philippe. However, by the 1840s, economic crises and rising socialist movements, compounded by the Great Famine, led to the 1848 Revolution. This revolution, with the rise of socialism, resulted in the formation of the Second French Republic and the election of Louis Bonaparte, marking a turning point in French politics.

Takeaways

• 😀 The July Revolution of 1830 in France marked the end of absolutism as King Charles X was overthrown by the French population after trying to restore absolute monarchy.
• 😀 The French Revolution of 1789 and the Napoleonic period had already shifted Europe’s worldview, making it difficult for the Congress of Vienna to restore absolute monarchies.
• 😀 King Louis XVIII of France, though part of the Bourbon dynasty, had to make significant concessions, including a constitution, freedom of speech, and press, reflecting the political divisions in post-revolutionary France.
• 😀 King Charles X’s attempt to restore absolutism by dissolving the parliament and censuring the press led to the 1830 revolution, which included barricades and intense fighting in Paris.
• 😀 The Revolution of 1830, often called the Revolution of the Barricades, involved multiple social sectors, from the bourgeoisie to the working class, and ended the absolutist monarchy in France.
• 😀 Eugène Delacroix’s famous painting 'Liberty Leading the People' symbolizes the 1830 revolution, with the figure of Liberty guiding the people, showing the involvement of diverse social groups in the struggle.
• 😀 After the Revolution of 1830, France established a constitutional monarchy under Louis-Philippe of Orleans, known as the 'Bourgeois King' due to his favoring policies for the upper bourgeoisie.
• 😀 Louis-Philippe’s reign saw a growing divide as his policies favored the banking sector, leading to economic problems and social unrest, with rising debt and unemployment in France by the 1840s.
• 😀 The economic crisis in France, exacerbated by the 'potato famine' in the 1840s, led to widespread hunger and unrest, fueling the rise of socialist and anarchist movements alongside liberalism.
• 😀 In 1848, as a response to political repression, a revolution broke out, leading to the establishment of the French Second Republic and the abdication of Louis-Philippe. The revolution was marked by the involvement of socialists, liberals, and anarchists, with the publication of the Communist Manifesto.

Q & A

What was the main cause of the 1830 French Revolution?

The main cause of the 1830 revolution was King Charles X's attempt to restore absolute monarchy, including actions like closing Parliament, tearing up the constitution, and censoring the press. These actions led to widespread opposition and sparked a revolt in Paris known as the 'Three Glorious Days.'

What role did the Congress of Vienna play in the political situation leading up to the 1830 revolution?

The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore traditional monarchies and absolutism in Europe after Napoleon's defeat. However, it failed in France because the country had already undergone the French Revolution and the Napoleonic period, which had spread new liberal ideas across Europe.

How did the government of Louis 18 differ from the previous Bourbon rule?

Louis 18's government, unlike previous Bourbon rulers, was not an absolute monarchy. He made several concessions to the French society, including agreeing to a constitution and granting freedoms such as freedom of expression and the press. This marked a shift from traditional absolutism.

What was the significance of the 1830 revolution in relation to absolutism in France?

The 1830 revolution is considered the final end of absolutism in France. It marked the downfall of the Bourbon monarchy and solidified that the idea of absolute monarchy would not return to France.

What was the outcome of the revolution of 1830 for King Charles X?

King Charles X abdicated the throne after the revolution of 1830, leading to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under Louis-Philippe of Orleans.

How did Louis-Philippe's policies favor the bourgeoisie?

Louis-Philippe's policies, particularly in economic matters, favored the upper bourgeoisie, especially bankers. His liberal economic approach allowed for the accumulation of wealth by the bourgeoisie, but this led to greater inequality and debt among the working class.

What was the social and economic impact of Louis-Philippe's rule on the French population?

Louis-Philippe's policies led to significant economic inequality, as the banks and wealthy sectors of society benefited, while the working class suffered from high debt and rising unemployment. This economic strain contributed to the revolution of 1848.

How did the potato blight contribute to the crisis in France in the 1840s?

The potato blight in the 1840s devastated potato crops, which were a staple food for the poor in France. This led to widespread famine, high food prices, and increased poverty, worsening the existing economic crisis.

What was the role of socialists and anarchists in the 1848 revolution?

In the 1848 revolution, socialists and anarchists played a more prominent role than in the 1830 revolution. They became a leading force in the opposition, advocating for social reforms and greater equality, alongside the traditional liberal opposition.

What was the significance of the 1848 revolution for the French political landscape?

The 1848 revolution marked a key shift in the French political landscape, as it led to the establishment of the Second Republic. It also highlighted the growing divide between liberals and socialists, with the latter becoming more active and prominent in political life. The revolution ultimately led to the election of Louis Bonaparte as president.