3D printers are worse than I thought. Time to do something about it!

Summary

This video delves into the health risks of 3D printing, focusing on emissions from different filaments like ABS, ASA, PETG, and PLA. The creator conducts experiments using a sensor box to measure particulate matter and VOCs, revealing that ABS and ASA emit harmful particles beyond safety limits. Solutions like using air filters and printing with less harmful materials like PLA and PETG are suggested to mitigate exposure. The video also touches on the importance of proper ventilation and the potential for printers themselves to contribute to emissions.

Takeaways

• 😷 ABS and ASA 3D printing materials emit harmful particles and VOCs, even if they don't have a noticeable smell.
• 🌬️ PETG doesn't produce a smell but can release white powder into the air, which may be inhaled.
• 🌫️ PLA, despite its sweet smell, can also cause throat irritation and potential health concerns.
• 🔍 The video investigates emissions from 3D printers, aiming to measure and quantify the differences between filaments.
• 🏠 Enclosed 3D printers don't necessarily reduce emissions; proper filtration or extraction systems are needed for effective reduction.
• 🛡️ HEPA filters are effective at removing particles, but the effectiveness varies with particle size.
• 🌡️ Printing at lower temperatures can significantly reduce particle emissions.
• 🌿 Activated carbon filters are used to remove VOCs, but their efficiency depends on the amount of carbon and contact time with the air.
• 🛑 The source of emissions isn't just the filament; components of the 3D printer itself, like silicone heater mats, can also contribute.
• 🌐 The long-term health effects of inhaling 3D printer emissions are not yet fully understood, emphasizing the need for caution and proper ventilation.

Q & A

What is the main concern regarding the smell from 3D printing with ABS?

The main concern is that the smell from ABS, which is sticky, sweet, and plasticky, is not something you want to breathe. It indicates the presence of harmful particles and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that can be inhaled.

Why is ASA considered a better alternative to ABS in terms of smell?

ASA is often chosen over ABS because it has a less noticeable smell, which might lead to the misconception that it is safer. However, it's important to note that just because a material smells less, it doesn't mean it's safer as ASA can emit more harmful particles and VOCs than ABS.

What is the issue with PETG in 3D printing despite having no smell?

Even though PETG has no smell, it can cause a white powder to deposit on printheads, which can become airborne and potentially harmful when inhaled.

What are the two main types of emissions that 3D printers can produce?

The two main types of emissions from 3D printers are particulate matter and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds).

How do N95 masks filter out particles, and what is their effectiveness for different particle sizes?

N95 masks filter out at least 95% of particles larger than 300 nm. For larger particles, they work by physically blocking them, while for fine and ultrafine particles, they are absorbed by colliding with the filter material and getting stuck. However, particles between 0.1 and 1µm are the hardest to remove.

Why are ultra-fine particles particularly dangerous when inhaled?

Ultra-fine particles, which are under 100 nm, can behave like a gas and show Brownian motion, making them easily trapped by filter fabrics. They can penetrate deep into the lungs and even reach the brain, where they can cause inflammation and increase the risk of developing conditions like Alzheimer’s.

What is the standard method for removing VOCs from the air?

The standard method for removing VOCs from the air is by using activated carbon filters, which act like a sponge and physically absorb the VOCs.

What did the creator of the script build to measure emissions from 3D printers?

The creator built a sensor box equipped with various sensors, including VOC sensors, particle sensors, and a temperature/humidity sensor, to measure emissions from 3D printers.

What were the findings regarding the emissions from printing with different materials like PLA, PETG, ABS, and ASA?

The findings showed that printing with ABS or ASA produced emissions that exceeded safe exposure limits, regardless of whether the printer enclosures were open or closed. PLA and PETG, on the other hand, produced much lower levels of particles within safe limits, although VOC emissions were still present but not as concerning.

What practical steps can be taken to reduce harmful emissions from 3D printing?

Practical steps include using air filters to remove particles, ensuring proper ventilation, printing at lower temperatures to reduce emissions, and using materials like PLA and PETG that emit fewer harmful particles and VOCs.