You can grow new brain cells. Here's how | Sandrine Thuret | TED

Summary

In this enlightening talk, Sandrine Thuret explores the fascinating field of adult neurogenesis, debunking the myth that adults cannot grow new nerve cells. She explains the hippocampus's role in learning, memory, and mood, and how certain behaviors and diets can influence neurogenesis. Thuret's research reveals a link between neurogenesis and depression, showing that antidepressants boost neuron production and alleviate symptoms. She also discusses how physical activity, diet, and even the texture of food can impact the generation of new neurons, offering insights into improving memory and mood.

Takeaways

• 🧠 Adult neurogenesis is a real phenomenon where new nerve cells are generated in the adult brain, contrary to previous beliefs.
• 💊 Certain cancer treatments can halt neurogenesis, potentially leading to symptoms of depression in patients.
• 🌟 The hippocampus is a key region in the brain where new neurons are produced, playing a crucial role in learning, memory, mood, and emotion.
• 🔍 Research estimates that approximately 700 new neurons are produced daily in the human hippocampus.
• 🧪 Blocking neurogenesis in the hippocampus can impair memory functions, particularly spatial recognition.
• 🔗 There is a clear link between neurogenesis and depression, with antidepressants shown to increase neurogenesis and alleviate symptoms.
• 🏃‍♂️ Physical activity, such as running, has been shown to increase neurogenesis, suggesting the importance of exercise for brain health.
• 🍽️ Diet significantly impacts neurogenesis, with nutrient-rich foods like dark chocolate, blueberries, and fatty fish promoting new neuron production.
• 🚫 High saturated fat diets and alcohol consumption can negatively affect neurogenesis, while certain compounds like resveratrol can support neuron survival.
• 🧐 Neuroscientists are working to understand and control neurogenesis to improve memory, mood, and prevent cognitive decline associated with aging or stress.

Q & A

Can adults grow new nerve cells?

Yes, adults can grow new nerve cells, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis.

What is the role of the hippocampus in neurogenesis?

The hippocampus is one of the unique structures in the adult brain where new neurons can be generated and is important for learning, memory, mood, and emotion.

How many new neurons are produced in the human hippocampus per day?

It is estimated that approximately 700 new neurons are produced per day in the hippocampus.

How does neurogenesis relate to memory and learning?

Neurogenesis is important for learning and memory. Blocking the production of new neurons in the hippocampus can impair certain memory abilities, particularly spatial recognition.

What is the connection between neurogenesis and depression?

In animal models of depression, lower levels of neurogenesis are observed. Antidepressants can increase the production of new neurons and decrease symptoms of depression.

How can we influence neurogenesis through behavior?

Behaviors such as learning, stress, sleep deprivation, and physical activity like running can influence neurogenesis. Learning and running can increase it, while stress and sleep deprivation can decrease it.

What dietary factors can affect neurogenesis?

Calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, intake of flavonoids, and omega-3 fatty acids can increase neurogenesis, while a diet high in saturated fat and alcohol can decrease it.

How does the texture of food impact neurogenesis?

Consuming soft diets can impair neurogenesis, whereas food that requires chewing or is crunchy can promote it.

What is the role of exercise in neurogenesis?

Exercise, particularly aerobic activities that increase blood flow to the brain, can promote neurogenesis.

How can we use the knowledge of neurogenesis to improve mental health?

Understanding and controlling neurogenesis can help improve memory formation, mood, and potentially prevent cognitive decline associated with aging or stress.

What are the next steps for research in neurogenesis?

Neuroscientists need to further understand the function of new neurons and how to control their survival and production. Additionally, finding ways to protect neurogenesis in patients undergoing treatments that may inhibit it is crucial.