Как вырастить новые нейроны и как мозг сам себя лечит / #ТЕДсаммари

Мозгоправ

16 Jan 202108:08

Summary

TLDRThe video script explores the concept of neuroregeneration, where the brain can repair itself by growing new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis. Neurosurgeon Dr. Jocelyn Blach and her colleagues discovered a new type of cell resembling stem cells in the brain that could contribute to its self-repair. The script also delves into how lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and sleep can influence neurogenesis, offering practical advice on how to enhance cognitive function and potentially combat aging and depression.

Takeaways

🧠 The human brain has the capacity for self-repair, as suggested by neurosurgeon Jasslinne Blage and her colleagues.
🌱 Adults can grow new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis.
💡 The video provides tips on how to help the brain activate neurogenesis, improving mood, memory, and preventing aging processes.
👩‍⚕️ Jasslinne Blage and biologist Jean-Francois Brunet discovered a new type of cell in the brain that resembles stem cells but behaves differently.
🔬 These cells were found in small niches deep within the brain and are derived from doublecortin-positive (DCPX) cells, which are involved in brain development and may play a role in brain repair.
🐒 Experiments on monkeys showed that these cells could help animals recover from brain damage, indicating their potential use in neuro-pathologies such as Parkinson's disease.
🧬 Neurobiologist Sandrine Thuret explains that new nerve cells form in adults, a process called neurogenesis, with about 700 new neurons produced daily in the hippocampus.
👶 The existing neurons from birth are replaced by new neurons formed in the adult brain by the age of 50.
💊 Antidepressants increase the production of new neurons, which helps alleviate symptoms of depression, and blocking neurogenesis reduces the effectiveness of antidepressants.
🏃‍♂️ Physical activities like exercise and sex can increase neurogenesis, while stress and lack of sleep can decrease it.
🥗 Diet also influences neurogenesis, with calorie restriction, short-term fasting, and consumption of flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids promoting it, while alcohol and saturated fats can have a negative effect.
🍽️ The texture of food affects neurogenesis, with soft foods decreasing the process and crunchy or chewy foods increasing it.

Q & A

What does neurosurgeon Dr. Jocelyne Bélanger and her colleagues believe about the brain's ability to repair itself?
-Dr. Jocelyne Bélanger and her colleagues believe that the brain, with some help, can repair itself and that adults can grow new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis.
What is the term for the process where new neurons are grown in adults?
-The process where new neurons are grown in adults is called neurogenesis.
What did Dr. Jocelyne Bélanger and biologist Jean-François Brunet discover when they studied brain cells from patients with head injuries?
-They discovered a new type of cells that resemble stem cells but behave differently, dividing slowly and eventually dying after several weeks of cultivation. These cells are believed to come from a type of cell called doublecortin-positive (DAB) cells.
What role did the DAB cells play during the development of the human brain in the womb?
-DAB cells, which make up 4% of the cells in the cerebral cortex, helped the brain to form while we were in the womb.
How did the experiments on monkeys contribute to the understanding of the brain's ability to heal after injury?
-The experiments showed that after the monkeys' brains were damaged, they could recover to a certain level due to the brain's flexibility. Implanting the new type of cells into the monkeys' brains significantly improved their recovery, indicating the potential of these cells in brain repair.
What is the significance of the discovery that these new cells can be cryopreserved?
-The ability to cryopreserve these cells means they can be stored and used later for neuro-pathologies, such as in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
According to neurobiologist Sandrine Thuret, what happens in the adult brain that was previously thought to be impossible?
-Sandrine Thuret states that new nerve cells appear in the adult brain, a process that was previously thought to be impossible.
How many new neurons are produced daily in the hippocampus according to Professor of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden?
-According to the professor, 700 new neurons are produced daily in the hippocampus.
What is the connection between neurogenesis and depression?
-The connection between neurogenesis and depression is that taking antidepressants increases the production of new neurons, which helps to alleviate symptoms of depression. Blocking neurogenesis can reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants.
What factors can influence neurogenesis according to the research mentioned in the script?
-Factors that can influence neurogenesis include learning, sex, stress, sleep, and physical activity. Additionally, diet, including calorie restriction, short-term fasting, consumption of flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and resveratrol, can also affect neurogenesis.
How does the texture of food consumed affect neurogenesis?
-Soft food weakens the process of neurogenesis, while crunchy and chewy food can enhance it.
What is the overall recommendation for maintaining a healthy brain according to the script?
-The overall recommendation for maintaining a healthy brain includes engaging in learning, sex, healthy sleep, and physical activity, as well as being mindful of the texture, timing, and quantity of food consumed.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Brain Self-Repair and Neurogenesis

This paragraph introduces the concept of the brain's ability to self-repair and the phenomenon of neurogenesis, which is the growth of new neurons in adults. Neurosurgeon Jasmine Blazhe and her colleagues discovered a new type of cell in the brain that resembles stem cells but behaves differently, dividing slowly and eventually dying. These cells are derived from a type of cell called doublecortin-positive cells, which are present in the brain's cortex and may play a role in brain repair. The paragraph also discusses an experiment on monkeys to test the potential of these cells in aiding recovery from brain damage, suggesting that they could be a new source for cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.

05:03

🌱 Factors Influencing Neurogenesis and Brain Health

The second paragraph delves into the factors that can influence neurogenesis, including learning and sex, which increase the production of new neurons, and stress and lack of sleep, which decrease it. Physical activity is also highlighted as a positive factor, with an interesting study showing that the texture of food consumed can affect neurogenesis—soft food decreases it, while crunchy and chewy food increases it. The paragraph discusses the impact of diet on brain health, emphasizing the benefits of caloric restriction, short-term fasting, flavonoids found in dark chocolate and bilberries, omega-3 fatty acids from fatty fish like salmon, and moderate consumption of resveratrol found in red wine. It also warns against excessive alcohol consumption and a diet rich in saturated fats, suggesting that a balanced approach to diet, along with learning, sex, healthy sleep, and physical activity, can contribute to a healthy brain.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Neurogeneration

Neurogeneration, also known as neurogenesis, refers to the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain. In the video, it is highlighted as a key concept, demonstrating that the adult brain has the capability to grow new neurons, contrary to previous beliefs. The script discusses how neurogeneration is linked to learning, memory, and even depression treatment, emphasizing its importance in brain health and recovery.

💡Neurochirurg

The term 'Neurochirurg' is a variant of 'neurosurgeon' which is a medical professional specializing in neurosurgery, the branch of surgery that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system. In the script, neurochirurg Jasslinne Blache is mentioned as a key figure in the research on the brain's self-repair capabilities.

💡Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can develop into many different specialized cell types. In the context of the video, the script describes the discovery of cells resembling stem cells within the adult brain, which have the potential to differentiate into various cell types and contribute to brain repair.

💡Dabcorin-Positive Cells

Dabcorin-positive cells are a specific type of cell mentioned in the script that make up 4% of the cells in the cerebral cortex. These cells are suggested to play a role in brain development and potentially in brain repair due to their presence in high concentrations near brain injuries.

💡Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation is the process of preserving biological materials at very low temperatures, typically in liquid nitrogen, to maintain their viability for future use. The script mentions that the new type of cells discovered can be cryopreserved, which could have significant implications for their use in neuro-pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease.

💡Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a region of the brain that plays a major role in long-term memory and spatial navigation. The video script discusses the role of the hippocampus in neurogeneration, noting that 700 new neurons are produced there daily, which is crucial for learning and memory.

💡Depression

Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. The script explains the link between neurogeneration and depression, suggesting that the production of new neurons can help alleviate symptoms of depression, and that the effectiveness of antidepressants may be related to their impact on neurogeneration.

💡Neurobiology

Neurobiology is the study of the nervous system and brain function. The script introduces Sandrine Thuret, a neurobiologist, who discusses the process of neurogeneration in adults and its implications for learning, memory, and mental health.

💡Physical Activity

Physical activity refers to any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. The video script suggests that physical activity can influence neurogeneration positively, potentially by reducing stress and promoting overall brain health.

💡Flavonoids

Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring plant pigments that have antioxidant properties and are found in certain foods like dark chocolate and berries. The script mentions that the consumption of flavonoids can enhance neurogeneration, contributing to brain health.

💡Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fat that is essential for human health, particularly for brain function. The script points out that consuming omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon, can support neurogeneration.

💡Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound found in grape skin and red wine, known for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The script suggests that moderate consumption of resveratrol can positively affect neurogeneration.

Highlights

Neurosurgeon Dr. Jocelyne Bloch and her colleagues believe that the brain can repair itself.

Adults can grow new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis.

The video provides tips on how to help the brain activate neurogenesis to improve mood, memory, and prevent aging.

Dr. Jocelyne Bloch and biologist Jean-Francois Brunet discovered a new type of cell that resembles stem cells but behaves differently.

These new cells may have originated from a type of cell called doublecortin-positive cells, which are present in the adult brain.

Experiments on monkeys showed that these cells could help animals recover from brain damage.

The cells can be cryopreserved for future use in neuro-pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease.

Neurobiologist Sandrine Thuret explains that new nerve cells appear in adults, a process called neurogenesis.

700 new neurons are produced daily in the hippocampus, which is significant for learning and memory.

Neurogenesis is linked to depression; antidepressants increase the production of new neurons, reducing depression symptoms.

Factors that can control neurogenesis include training, sex, stress, sleep, and physical activity.

Research by Geula at the Salk Institute showed that physical exercise can increase the production of new neurons.

Diet can influence neurogenesis; certain foods like flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids can boost the process.

Alcohol and diets rich in saturated fats can weaken the process of neurogenesis.

The texture of food can affect neurogenesis; soft food weakens it, while crunchy and chewy food can enhance it.

The overall message is that not only what you eat but also the texture, timing, and quantity of food intake are important for brain health.

Training, sex, healthy sleep, and physical activity are beneficial for the brain.

The video encourages viewers to like and comment to support the channel and share their opinions.