KABINET WILOPO (MASA DEMOKRASI LIBERAL) | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12

Summary

This Indonesian history class delves into the formation, development, and end of the Wilopo Cabinet, the third in the era of liberal democracy. Formed from a coalition between PNI and Masyumi, the cabinet faced economic challenges, including a drastic drop in export revenue and budget deficit. It also grappled with military relations, highlighted by the October 17th incident, a military demonstration against the government. The Wilopo Cabinet's end came after the Tanjung Morawa incident, where five farmers were killed, leading to a parliamentary motion and the cabinet's resignation.

Takeaways

• 📜 The video script is a lecture on the history of Indonesia, focusing on the Wilopo cabinet during the era of liberal democracy.
• 🌟 The Wilopo cabinet was formed following President Soekarno's decision, with the official inauguration on April 3, 1952.
• 🔄 The cabinet was a coalition between the PNI and Masyumi parties, which faced challenges in cooperation from the beginning.
• ⏳ The Wilopo cabinet's tenure ended on July 30, 1953, after a series of political and economic challenges.
• 🤝 The initial alliance between PNI, Masyumi, PKI, and the military was aimed at postponing elections due to fears of Masyumi's victory.
• 💼 The Wilopo cabinet had several work programs, including conducting elections, improving public welfare and education, restoring stability and security, and pursuing an active foreign policy.
• 📉 Economic challenges included a post-Korean War downturn in export demand for rubber, leading to a significant reduction in state revenue and a budget deficit.
• 🚨 The October 17th Incident in 1952 was a military demonstration against the government, reflecting deteriorating relations between the civil government and the military.
• 🛑 The Tanjung Morawa Incident on March 16, 1953, involved a violent clash between farmers and police, resulting in the deaths of five farmers and contributing to the cabinet's downfall.
• 📉 The worsening economic situation led to increased import costs, especially for rice, after crop failures in several regions of Indonesia.
• 🔄 Internal conflicts within the military and disagreements over military education and foreign involvement contributed to the instability of the Wilopo cabinet.

Q & A

Who was appointed by President Soekarno to form a new cabinet after Sukiman's resignation?

President Soekarno appointed Wilopo to form a new cabinet after Sukiman's resignation.

What was the coalition that formed the Wilopo cabinet?

The Wilopo cabinet was formed from a coalition between the PNI and Masyumi parties.

What was the main issue that led to the failure of Sasmito and Sidik Joko Sukarto in forming a cabinet?

The main issue was the struggle for the Ministry of Religion between NU and Muhammadiyah, as well as political conflicts within Masyumi.

What was the significant event that marked the beginning of Wilopo's cabinet?

Wilopo's cabinet was officially inaugurated on April 3, 1952, following Presidential Decision No. 85 of 1952.

What were the main goals of Wilopo's cabinet during its term?

The main goals were to hold elections for the MPR, DPD, and Constituents Assembly, increase the prosperity and education of the people, restore stability and security, and implement an active foreign policy including the return of West Papua to Indonesian territory.

What economic challenges did Wilopo's cabinet face after the end of the Korean War in 1951?

The economic challenges included a drastic reduction in export demand for rubber by 71%, leading to a sharp decrease in national revenue and a state budget deficit due to increased import needs, especially for rice stockpiling after crop failures in several regions.

What was the October 17th Incident, and what were its implications for Wilopo's cabinet?

The October 17th Incident was a military demonstration involving the lowering of artillery towards the Presidential Palace. It was a result of worsening economic conditions and led to increased tension between the civil government and the military, marking a peak in their deteriorating relationship.

What was the Tanjung Morawa Incident, and how did it contribute to the end of Wilopo's cabinet?

The Tanjung Morawa Incident was a bloody clash between farmers and police in North Sumatra, resulting in the death of five farmers. It became a debated issue in the parliament, leading to a motion of censure from the Tani Indonesia faction, which contributed to the collapse of the coalition in the cabinet and Wilopo's decision to resign.

What was the role of the military in the political conflicts during Wilopo's cabinet term?

The military played a significant role in the political conflicts, with internal disagreements and external pressures leading to demonstrations and demands for the dissolution of the parliament, which ultimately affected the stability and public trust in Wilopo's cabinet.

What were the consequences of the military's actions during the October 17th Incident for the military leadership?

The military's actions led to the dismissal of key military leaders, including Nasution as the Chief of Staff, and the immediate discharge of soldiers who supported the action, marking a significant shift in civil-military relations.