Stomach - gross anatomy

Summary

In this anatomy-focused video, the stomach's structure and function are explored in detail. It discusses the stomach's location, size, and capacity, as well as its anatomical divisions and orifices. The video delves into the stomach's peritoneal and visceral relations, blood supply, nerve supply, and the layers of its interior. It also highlights the common sites for gastric ulcers and carcinomas, providing insights into the stomach's applied anatomy and its relevance to health.

Takeaways

• 😀 The stomach, also known as the 'gestire' or 'venter,' is a large muscular organ and the most dilated part of the gastrointestinal tract.
• 📐 It is anatomically connected above to the lower end of the esophagus and below to the first part of the duodenum.
• 📍 The stomach is located in the left hypochondrium, epigastrium, and umbilical region of the abdomen.
• 🔍 The stomach's shape is typically described as 'J' shaped and is about 25 centimeters in size with a capacity ranging from 30 ml at birth to over 2 liters in adults.
• 🚪 It has two orifices: the cardiac orifice, which connects to the esophagus, and the pyloric orifice, which contains the pyloric sphincter.
• 🏗️ The stomach is divided into the cardiac and pyloric parts, with the pyloric part further divided into the pyloric antrum and pyloric canal.
• 🔄 The stomach's blood supply comes from the celiac trunk and its branches, with an anastomosis along the greater and lesser curvatures.
• 🌐 The stomach's innervation includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, influencing motor functions and secretion.
• 🧬 Gastric ulcers are common along the lesser curvature due to factors like thin epithelium, less blood supply, and increased acid secretion.
• 💊 Gastric carcinomas often occur along the greater curvature and can metastasize through lymphatic vessels to other organs.
• 👨‍⚕️ The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection is a common cause of gastric ulcers and is associated with the gastric canal area.

Q & A

What is the stomach also known as in terms of anatomy?

The stomach is also known as a 'gestire' or 'venter', and the terminology used for the stomach is 'gastric'.

What is the primary function of the stomach in the gastrointestinal tract?

The stomach is a large muscular organ that forms the widest and most distendable part of the gastrointestinal tract.

How is the stomach connected to other organs?

The stomach is connected above to the lower end of the esophagus and below to the first part of the duodenum.

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

The two orifices of the stomach are the cardiac orifice and the pyloric orifice.

What is the physiological evidence of the cardiac sphincter?

The cardiac sphincter is a physiological sphincter that remains closed all the time but opens when food reaches the lower end of the esophagus.

What is the pyloric sphincter known as and what is its anatomical evidence?

The pyloric sphincter is known as the 'pylorus', and its anatomical evidence is demarcated by the circular groove and the pre-pyloric wave, where one can feel the form of the pyloric sphincter.

What are the two curvatures of the stomach and their significance?

The two curvatures are the lesser curvature (right border) and the greater curvature (left border), which provide attachment for the lesser omentum and the greater omentum, respectively.

How is the stomach divided internally?

The stomach is divided into the cardiac part, fundus, body, pyloric part, pyloric antrum, and pyloric canal.

What are the peritoneal relations of the stomach?

The stomach has both anterior and posterior peritoneal relations, including the gastrosplenic ligament, gastrophrenic ligament, and lesser omentum.

What are the main arteries supplying the stomach?

The main arteries supplying the stomach are the left gastric artery, right gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and the right and left gastroepiploic arteries.

How does the stomach's innervation affect its function?

The stomach is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. Sympathetic fibers are vasoconstrictor to the pylorus and inhibitory to the rest of the stomach musculature, while parasympathetic supply stimulates gastric emptying and secretion.

Why are gastric ulcers more common along the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Gastric ulcers are more common along the lesser curvature due to factors such as thinner epithelium, less abundant blood supply, more acid secretion, and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection.

What is the significance of the 'Virchow's node' in relation to gastric carcinoma?

Virchow's node refers to an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node, which can indicate the spread of gastric carcinoma through the lymphatic system.