Computer Ethics Fundamentals

Summary

This video script delves into the realm of computer ethics, exploring the moral principles guiding behavior in digital environments. It discusses ethical philosophies, the importance of netiquette, and the ethical dilemmas arising from technology use. The script emphasizes the need for ethical conduct online, including respecting intellectual property and privacy, and highlights the Computer Ethics Institute's 10 commandments to foster responsible computer use.

Takeaways

• 💻 Computer ethics involves moral principles guiding behavior while using computers and related technologies like the internet.
• 🔍 Ethics is about principles of right and wrong, influencing how individuals act as moral agents within society.
• 🤔 Ethical philosophies such as egoism, natural law, utilitarianism, and respect for persons are fundamental to understanding ethics.
• 🌐 Internet ethics pertains to acceptable behavior online, emphasizing honesty and informed consent when using the internet for various tasks.
• 💾 Computer ethics is a social contract of technology, aiming to formulate policies for fair use of technology for the greater good.
• 🔑 Ethical dilemmas arise from the use of technology, often involving conflicts between moral imperatives and potential negative impacts on society.
• 📧 Online communication should follow netiquette, which includes being respectful, avoiding shouting or sarcasm, and not sharing private information.
• 🤝 The practice of behaving ethically online is crucial for maintaining a respectful and safe digital environment.
• 🛡️ Security and ethics are intertwined; unethical practices like hacking and cyber theft compromise the ethical use of computers.
• 🚫 Computer abuse, including hacking, piracy, and unauthorized use of resources, is against the principles of computer ethics.
• 🔒 Privacy is a significant concern in computer ethics, requiring the protection of data and the use of security measures to prevent unauthorized access.

Q & A

What is the definition of computer ethics?

Computer ethics refers to the moral principles guiding how individuals should behave while using computers, including aspects related to network and internet use.

Why is it important to understand the origin of ethics when discussing computer ethics?

Understanding the origin of ethics provides a foundation for the ethical philosophies that influence how we should behave when using computers and technology responsibly.

What are the four ethical philosophies highlighted in the script?

The four ethical philosophies mentioned are egoism, natural law, utilitarianism, and respect for persons.

What is the significance of the term 'netiquette' in the context of computer ethics?

Netiquette refers to the correct or acceptable way of communicating or behaving on the internet, which is an important aspect of practicing ethical online behavior.

What is an ethical dilemma in the context of computer ethics?

An ethical dilemma in computer ethics is a complex situation involving a conflict between moral imperatives, where obeying one principle may mean transgressing another.

Why is it considered unethical to download pirated files from the internet?

Downloading pirated files is unethical as it violates intellectual property rights and can lead to legal consequences and harm to content creators.

What are some examples of computer abuse or crime that go against computer ethics?

Examples of computer abuse or crime include hacking, cyber theft, unauthorized access to confidential information, and the use of malware.

What is the importance of privacy in the context of computer ethics?

Privacy is crucial in computer ethics as it involves protecting personal data and preventing unauthorized access, which are fundamental to maintaining trust and security in digital environments.

What are the '10 commandments of computer ethics' as mentioned in the script?

The '10 commandments of computer ethics' are a set of principles from the Computer Ethics Institute that guide ethical behavior, such as not using computers to harm others, respecting others' work and privacy, and considering the consequences of one's actions.

How can individuals promote ethical behavior in the use of technology?

Individuals can promote ethical behavior by acting with integrity, respecting privacy and confidentiality, not exploiting system weaknesses, adhering to high standards, and following guidelines that ensure consideration and respect for fellow humans.

Outlines

00:00

🤖 Introduction to Computer Ethics

The first paragraph introduces the concept of computer ethics, which is about understanding moral principles and proper behavior when using computers. It emphasizes the broad scope of computer ethics, including aspects related to networks and the internet. The paragraph also explains the term 'ethics' as principles of right and wrong, and how it guides individual behavior. It introduces various ethical philosophies such as egoism, natural law, utilitarianism, and respect for persons, which are essential to consider when discussing computer ethics.

05:02

👥 Social Impact and Ethical Dilemmas of Technology

This paragraph delves into the social contract of computer technology, highlighting how technology impacts society and the ethical dilemmas it introduces. It discusses the concept of ethical dilemmas, where the use of technology can lead to conflicts between moral imperatives. Examples include downloading files with viruses, unwanted emails due to sharing personal information, and the balance between discussion and bullying online. The paragraph underscores the importance of understanding and navigating these dilemmas in the context of computer ethics.

10:04

🎨 Balancing Creativity with Honesty Online

The third paragraph focuses on the ethical challenges of creativity online, such as the misuse of Photoshop to create misleading images. It stresses the importance of netiquette, which is the acceptable way of behaving on the internet, including being respectful, avoiding shouting and sarcasm, and not sharing private information. The paragraph also introduces the 'THINK' approach to online sharing, encouraging users to consider truthfulness, helpfulness, inspiration, necessity, and kindness before posting or sharing content.

15:06

🛡️ Security and Ethics: Protecting Privacy and Data

This paragraph discusses the intersection of computer security and ethics, particularly the impact of hackers and malicious software on ethical computer use. It covers various unethical practices such as computer abuse, crime, hacking, piracy, and unauthorized use of computer resources. The paragraph also addresses the importance of protecting intellectual property and the availability of open-source alternatives to proprietary software, emphasizing the need for ethical behavior in the digital realm.

20:08

🛑 Combating Viruses and Upholding Data Privacy

The fifth paragraph addresses the issue of computer viruses and the importance of privacy in the context of computer ethics. It suggests using anti-malware software to combat viruses and stresses the need for strong passwords and secure networks to protect personal data. The paragraph outlines ethical principles of technology, including proportionality, informed consent, justice, and minimizing risks, advocating for integrity and the protection of information privacy and confidentiality.

25:10

📜 The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

The final paragraph summarizes the '10 Commandments of Computer Ethics' as guidelines for ethical behavior in the use of computers and the internet. These commandments include not using computers to harm others, respecting others' work, not stealing or snooping, avoiding unauthorized use of resources, and considering the consequences of one's actions. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing respect for fellow humans as a fundamental aspect of computer ethics.

Keywords

💡Computer Ethics

Computer Ethics refers to the moral principles that guide how individuals should behave while using computers and related technologies. It is central to the video's theme, emphasizing the importance of ethical conduct in the digital age. The script discusses various aspects of computer ethics, including intellectual property, computer abuse, and the impact of technology on society.

💡Ethics

Ethics is defined as a set of principles that determine right and wrong, influencing how individuals should act. In the video, ethics serves as the foundation for discussing computer ethics, highlighting the need for ethical behavior in the use of technology. The script explains ethics in the context of guiding behaviors and aligning them with societal standards.

💡Intellectual Property

Intellectual Property (IP) pertains to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce. The video script addresses the ethical implications of respecting IP in the context of computer ethics, such as avoiding piracy and respecting copyrights and patents.

💡Computer Abuse

Computer Abuse involves the misuse of computer systems to perform illegal or unethical actions. The script identifies computer abuse as a key issue in computer ethics, including activities like hacking, cyber theft, and the unauthorized use of computer resources, which are all unethical behaviors in the digital environment.

💡Ethical Philosophies

Ethical Philosophies are fundamental theories that underpin the understanding of ethics. The video script outlines several philosophies such as egoism, natural law, utilitarianism, and respect for persons, which provide a framework for discussing the ethical use of computers and the dilemmas that may arise.

💡Internet Ethics

Internet Ethics is a subset of computer ethics that specifically deals with the acceptable behavior when using the internet. The script discusses the importance of honesty, informed consent, and respecting privacy in online interactions, emphasizing the need for ethical conduct in digital communication.

💡Ethical Dilemma

An Ethical Dilemma is a complex situation where moral imperatives conflict, making it difficult to determine the right course of action. The video script uses examples such as spam emails, online bullying, and the use of photoshopped images to illustrate the ethical dilemmas that can arise from the use of technology.

💡Netiquette

Netiquette refers to the etiquette of the internet, defining the acceptable ways of communicating and behaving online. The video script provides guidelines for netiquette, such as being respectful, avoiding shouting and sarcasm, and not sharing private information, to promote ethical online interactions.

💡Privacy

Privacy is the state or condition of limited access to a person's data, personal life, or information. The script discusses privacy issues within computer ethics, stressing the importance of protecting personal data and using security measures like strong passwords and VPNs to prevent unauthorized access.

💡Open Source

Open Source refers to software whose source code is made available to the public, allowing anyone to view, use, modify, and distribute it without infringing on proprietary rights. The video script mentions open source as an alternative to proprietary software for ethical use, respecting intellectual property rights.

Highlights

Definition of computer ethics as moral principles guiding behavior while using computers.

Broad scope of computer ethics including network and internet-related aspects.

Ethics defined as principles of right and wrong, guiding individual behavior.

Origin of ethics explored with various ethical philosophies highlighted.

Egoism, natural law, utilitarianism, and respect for persons as key ethical philosophies.

Importance of respecting intellectual property within computer ethics.

Ethical dilemmas introduced by technology use, such as viruses and hackers.

Netiquette defined as the practice of ethical behavior online.

Guidelines for online communication including respect, avoiding shouting, and not sharing private information.

THINK acronym for responsible social media sharing: True, Helpful, Inspiring, Necessary, and Kind.

Computer crime and abuse as unethical behaviors, including hacking and cyber theft.

The role of security in ensuring ethical computer use, such as protecting against malware.

Privacy issues in computer ethics, emphasizing the need for strong passwords and VPNs.

Ethical principles of technology including proportionality, informed consent, and justice.

Actionable steps to promote ethical behavior, such as acting with integrity and protecting privacy.

Computer Ethics Institute's 10 commandments as a guide for ethical computer use.

Emphasis on considering the human aspect and fellow humans in all computer-related decisions.

Transcripts

hi lana hello and welcome once again to

learners coach so we're going to

basically look at a computer ethics yeah

so what is computer ethics right so

we're going to look at the moral

principles or actually how we need to

behave

while using computers so when defining

the term computer ethics we need also to

understand

all those related aspects of computer

talk about network

internet

right because all these things are

related to the computer so computer

ethics is very broad so we're going to

really look at

issues

that affects how we

use the computer like for example you

have intellectual property

computer abuse what are these in

relation to computer ethics but first we

need to define the term ethics so

ethics is actually

a principle of right and wrong yeah from

where you're seated or where you're

standing someone is going to tell you

whether you are behaving ethically or

your behaviors are

unethical right does your behavior

actually

resonate well with the required

standards yeah so ethics are used by

individuals right as a free moral agent

yeah

basically just to give us some standard

to guide our behaviors so in this

particular topic we are going to look at

how

we need to ethically use computers right

so if we are not using it in the proper

way then chances are we are not

uh behaving ethically towards the use of

computers right

now we can't really proceed with this

particular topic

without understanding

the origin of ethics so we have to look

at the ethical philosophies so since

you're not going to look at the

various theories in details we're just

going to highlight so that you

understand

what ethics are so we have the first

theory of philosophy which is egoism

which tries to understand what is good

and is what is right

for you

right and of course you have the natural

law that needs to apply right

in any occasion we should endeavor as

human beings to promote our own

good practices health and

generally in life

also of course we have another the third

one which is very common this is you

literally terrorism

which is actually

practicing the greatest good

for a greater number of people within

the society so where you are ensure that

at least you influence people positively

and of course respects for persons is

another philosophy which is added to

these three common ones

people are not just the end

and people are an end but not

just a means right so

any behavior any actions that you're

promoting

for example if you're developing a

software for instance you need to

understand the effects that they have

uh on this particular people right

whether it's going to

affect them negatively or positively so

respect for persons

is another philosophy that you need to

understand so having highlighted these

key ethical philosophies now then we

need to really understand the various

dimensions

of ethics so here as i mentioned we are

going to look at computer and internet

ethics because they are closely related

uh when talk about internet ethics it

means the acceptable or the recommended

behavior when you're using

the networks or the internet right

like

how

do you

use internet for example for your school

related purposes or

tasks do you watch movies for example is

it ethical right so internet users

should observe honesty actually at all

time when performing different tasks

either if you are communicating

whether you're downloading some files

you need to ensure that

whatever

files you're downloading are actually

not maybe pirated for instance yeah so

you need to have some informed consent

of information or data that you collect

within the internet so it's very very

important for us to understand how

to

behave ethically

online the other dimension

of understanding ethics is the computer

itself right

because

before we if we can't really understand

uh the building blocks of

how we can ethically use the computer

then what follows that you can't really

respect

are the use of maybe other angles of

computer such as networks

information

internet and so on so computer ethics

basically is a social contact of

computer technology

that is

equivalent uh to the formulation

explanation basically this is a policy

for the fair use of what

uh technologies around us right

so it's ethic is broad

it it is like understanding how we

behave within a society right

so

ethics cover both social

as well as individual policies right for

the greater good of use of

uh technology now when you talk about

technology or computer we need to

understand that

a technology always creates some kind of

ripple effects

in our society right

and once it creates these particular

ripple effects we are always often

disorganized or we don't know how to use

these technologies so that's why we are

always in a state of dilemma and i think

we are going to mention what ethical

dilemma is

right so what is ethical dilemma

right so the use of technology has

introduced

different

dimensions of ethical dilemmas

that are

very unique

uh some of us we don't understand that

when you use a particular technology it

could have some kind of positive or

negative impact either to the society

or to our friends that we associate with

right now doing one thing in a setup for

example someone is going to ask you to

maybe

uh download a particular file right

to achieve something right now

downloading the file could be maybe

something that you're doing generally

without an issue right

but again after downloading the file you

realize that the file has what it has

viruses all right

so

do we stop downloading files no we can't

we need to actually have the information

right or don't do we stop accessing the

internet because of maybe

these

hackers

so

we are often

placed at a crossroads

like using technology always create some

harmful impact or a negative impact to

ourselves

so we always left to have some kind of

dynamic i think it's a complex situation

that often involves an apparent mental

conflict

between moral

imperatives in which obey one

would mean actually transgressing

another

examples of ethical dilemma are very

many right i've just captured a few

right like for example when you visit uh

some websites

uh you

will often be required to

give your

emails right this could in turn

lead to some

unwanted mails to your inbox right now

it's a good thing to share your emails

with the respect uh with their

respective

organizations so that they send you the

product updates and the services right

but if this now becomes

uh too much on your inbox the emails

becomes too much in your inbox then it

now leaves us to wonder is it really a

must

for us to have our emails being

used for marketing purposes right so we

need to ask ourselves

at what point is it on honest

marketing and that

what determines threshold of spamming so

spamming normally are referred to as

the unwanted emails right so every time

you visit website and you give out your

email just as a they'll

send you some

uh maybe particular product updates

so

you know that spam or the spam mails

normally occupy

the space of our inbox so ideally we'll

be running out of space

for not having the right emails so it's

on problems at the level

we are also having another dilemma such

as discussion versus bullying

ideally we need to join forums we need

to join discussion groups right

to look for

some information to collaborate which is

a good thing but there is high tendency

of people taking

this particular

discussions for their own inten uh ill

intentions uh like for example they

start bullying people yeah uh having the

discussion taking another direction so

ideally what you are going there to

achieve is not really what

uh you are going to get

so

the discussion might spiral out of

control and

maybe lead to some kind of bully

so

this is another ethical dilemma and of

course we have the creativity versus

outright lies

you are a good designer you love using

photoshop right which is a good thing

using technology yeah but

ideally being creative doesn't really

give you that authority to have or

present some situation

uh that are not

real

right so most people normally

use this particular creativity to maybe

promote some kind of lies which is not

good

so we should

uh maybe try to balance

because at what point do we stop maybe

or understand that presenting this

information is just beyond creativity it

could lead to other people's problems

yeah take a situation whereby someone is

going to photoshop you with maybe

uh some unwanted person in the society

yeah so before people realize that this

is just some kind of photoshop

maybe harm has been caused so

it also brings some kind of

ethical

dilemma all right so within the span of

online communication we need to be

guided because we need to behave

ethically online and i think this is a

very

important aspect of computer ethics or

internet ethics

the practice of behaving ethically

online is what we normally refer to as

netiquette

netiquette yeah

of course you're going to look at it uh

from

the common understanding online

etiquette so online etiquette is the

correct or acceptable way of

communicating or behaving on the

internet

behaviors are simple as maybe posting a

comment on your social profile right

commenting on someone's blog those are

ways or even sending emails at your

friends right so we need to observe the

following you need to be respectful

that's number one right

uh most people don't want to tell her

can't tell you something face to face

they often

decide to go behind your back and post

them online yeah so that's not being

respectful we normally say if you can't

tell someone

uh face to face

uh kindly don't go ahead and post it

online right

do not shout that's the second way of

observing etiquette

shouting simply means i may be using

uppercase

letters when you're communicating for

example

uh within your email yeah or

simply using strong language

yeah and a lot of exclamation points

right

so it presents some kind of shout yeah

yeah it's tell someone that maybe you're

annoyed and you're angry i mean those

are things that you need to avoid

uh don't be funny

when you're communicating online

or sarcastic for that matter sometimes

people who receive

our

information might not understand

the fun part of it right so try to avoid

these and maybe

be careful with your humor

and circles or when you're using them

online

also avoid too much text speak when

you're communicating right uh just

follow the normal formal

grammar and punctuation rules

right when you're communicating for

example and using email

it's very very difficult uh to maybe

allow your recipient to break down text

speak yeah so if maybe a boss or you may

be a supervisor or some kind of

colleague

i expect an email from you

just be formal avoid use of text to

speak and of course do not post

very private information online or even

share truly truly i say unto you there's

nothing that is private online right in

as much as we normally say that our data

is safe only but chances are it could

leak to someone on someone's someone can

always use it

for their own purposes so i think those

are the key observations that you can

always make within

uh online so in an action

when we are using the social media

before we post anything on this social

media before we communicate

we need to use the think

keyword right

think here means t stanford is it true

we need to think if it is true before

you post it or share it

uh is it helpful h right

is it really going to be helpful before

we post it or share it

is it going to be inspiring is it going

to change someone's life in a way before

you really

share it

and here is it necessary in the first

place or you can just stay with it right

and of course lastly is it kind right

now most of us we normally have that

urge right the feeling of sharing

information within our social media

right i think it's high time we take a

break

see whether

these particular things that we're

sharing

are going to have some a negative impact

right on the people are going to receive

or read them and so on so we should be

guided by think right as you proceed

now

as i said that there's a meeting point

between the security aspect and the

ethics right like for example

when you have

the hackers or we have some kind of

militias

softwares

are being used

within our computers

then high chances are going to

compromise

the ethics or how we use computers

ethically right it could comprise

confidentiality what we refer to as

privacy it could promote crime

right it could affect

maybe some kind of our normal practices

and so on so as we look forward on

understanding what computer ethics is

all about

we can't really leave the security angle

behind right

so the key issues could as we have seen

could

result into crime

privacy effects

right

and so on so let's look at them one by

one

like computer abuse

or crime is not something that

is

ethical

these are an ethical behaviors

that are always promoted right

so people use this uh computer to steal

that is not acceptable yeah when people

go

and access confidential information yeah

and they're not

authorized that is not acceptable and of

course a booty in the system that is a

crime right so

computer crime comprises of different uh

concepts like hacking is one major one

a piracy is another one

all these are not ethical right they

affect how we ethically use

the computer

and authorized users at work cyber theft

yeah

so like hacking

this is not a good thing to practice

right

uh we don't really require an authorized

users to access

our networks our data our

so the hackers normally use different

strategies

that we need to avoid

like they always use some kind of

malwares

yeah to practice fishing that is email

fishing spoofing use of trojan horses

these are things that

we can always

avoid through

right practices

cyber theft is another way of

compromising the ethical use of our

computers

right like someone who doesn't have the

right uh credentials accessing our

computers

an authorized user who has stolen your

identity right and they're using it for

their own

purpose

then we have this concept which is not

also a good practice

of using computers

like for example an authorized use of

computers at work or

resources for that matter yeah

for instance

when you're doing private consulting

yeah it's not ethical playing games is

not a good thing

yeah wing pornography circulating i mean

hunting for jobs all these are an

authorized use of computers at work or

any given computer resource so you

shouldn't actually

uh prevent or stop them right

a piracy of intellectual property is

against the moral values of how we use

the computers right why do you pilot

someone's

software for example right

so all these particular inventions

uh

i mean creativities from individuals

need to be protected

by the copyrights

or the patents so if someone has their

own

creativity or creations or actually

the inventions we need to respect them

so pirating

of intellectual property is not ethical

this spirited concept properties could

be music videos and so on so these are

things that

we really need to

avoid now the good thing

is that

you're not really

forced to use

the proprietary softwares if you can't

purchase the licenses we always have

the other options open source

that you can always

download for free without infringing on

these intellectual property rights our

viruses are also

a very bad way of actually ensuring that

compromise

uh

ethical use of

computers right so it's introducing

rogue programs that should create

themselves within our computers

destroying data

and causing some kind of disruption

is not good so computer viruses

are we need to actually

stop them or eliminate them we can

always use

anti-malware's or antiviruses to

eradicate them

another concern when it comes to

computer ethics is privacy issues right

we need to protect our data ensure that

you have strong passwords

maybe work behind a firewall if you are

communicating remotely use a virtual

private network right so that will stop

people from

intercepting or if it's dropping you're

on

private uh information right like

contents of the emails

uh getting to know

about the customer information these are

not allowed

and it's not a good practice

so some guidelines or what you refer to

as the ethical principles of technology

yeah number one we look at

proportionality

the good of the technology must outweigh

the harm or risk that it really brings

on board so we should endeavor to

actually positively use

or maximize

the use of computers in

a proper manner rather than just looking

around the locals

the design flaws

just to ensure that you can always cause

harm no that is not the right second

informed concept

we have just looked at the intellectual

property yeah obeying or respecting it

so every time you want to access

someone's innovations or other creations

i'll try to ask for permission the first

place

you can also refer to that particular

have some references to avoid plagiarism

and so on and of course you have justice

every participant they beat the person

who is affected and the person who has

actually caused the harm they need to

have some benefits and burdens

distributed fairly

amongst them so if someone has crossed

the intellectual property or has caused

some kind of uh

harm

they need to be punished

fairly

right

and of course we need to minimize risks

yeah try to avoid using

websites that are not secure

using computers that don't doesn't have

antiviruses

sharing your password i mean all those

things needs to be taken care of don't

really

expose a lot of confidential information

so some guidance of action to improve or

to promote ethical behavior act with

integrity yeah ensure that you protect

privacy and confidentiality of

information

so we have a number of ways that you can

achieve this i've mentioned you can

always use some kind of privacy settings

within your social media networks uh try

that try to reinforce the firewalls and

so on

do not misinterpret or with all

information right we have just looked at

the outright lies

are not misused resources like for

example if you're a student or you are

working you have seen

examples of an authorized use of

resources at work do not exploit

weaknesses of systems like design flows

in the hardware

now that you are a good programmer and

you have realized that there are some

kind of locals within the database do

not exploit the good things or the good

practice is to notify the database

administrator and tell them

that hey i think the tables or rather

the tuples within this particular

database they need to be

secure needs to be reinforced and so on

let's have the right standards set high

standards uh through implementing of the

right policies it could be security

policies within the organization

yeah it could be some right uh the

handouts given trainings

right and so on and of course you should

promote

uh the health and welfare of general

public right through creating of

awareness of how we need to behave

uh ethically now as we wrap up

this understanding of computer ethics or

internet ethics for that matter we are

often guided by the principles uh given

by the computer ethics

institute

they are normally 10

in number often referred to as the 10

commandments of computer

ethics so a good

person who wants to practice the right

computer ethics should conform

and really adhere to these ten

commandments

number one they shall not use a computer

to harm other people

we have looked at that thou shalt not

interfere with other people's computer

work we know

how you can interfere with do not

do not snoop although shall not snoop

right

on other people's computer files i shall

not use computers to steal right

they shall not use computers to bear

false sweetness

they shall not copy i've already looked

at this use of proprietary software

without their permission people's

permission you need to pay for the

licenses

they shall not use other people's

computer resources without authorization

especially at work

they shall not appropriate other

people's intellectual output

right

thou shall not

though shall think about this

consequences

like if you're a programmer yeah

the

ripple effect that that particular

program is going to cause to the society

maybe it could be a virus or a malware

lastly then thou shall always use

computer in ways that ensure

consideration and respect for your

fellow humans very very important

very very important i think the last

point summarizes everything

remember the philosophy

the human

aspect right

so we need to put our fellow humans

first before

really

considering other options so thank

ladies and gentlemen uh these ones are

just some kind of brief understanding of

what computer ethics are

so if you want to understand more about

computer ethics uh kindly comment

below so that i respond and of course if

you always find this particular

information

appropriate

informative

and you feel like sharing

please

kindly go ahead and subscribe and hit on

that

sub uh hit on that particular like

button so that you keep on

producing informative content all right

thanks