Biografi Ki Hajar Dewantara ✅ - Perjuangan Bapak Pendidikan Indonesia untuk Kemerdekaan Indonesia
Summary
TLDRKi Hajar Dewantara, born into a noble Javanese family on May 2, 1889, was a key figure in Indonesia's struggle for independence and education equality. Despite his noble roots, he fought for native Indonesians to receive education on par with the Dutch and nobility. A skilled writer and journalist with anti-colonial sentiments, he played a significant role in Budi Utomo's propaganda section and co-founded Indonesia's first national political party. Exiled to the Netherlands, he furthered his education and returned to focus on education as a means of national struggle. He established Tamansiswa, a national school, and later became the Minister of Education and Culture. Recognized posthumously as the second national hero by President Soekarno, his contributions to education are commemorated through a national holiday and a museum dedicated to his legacy.
Takeaways
- 📚 Ki Hajar Dewantara was a prominent Indonesian national hero known for his efforts in education equality.
- 🏰 Born into a noble Javanese family, Dewantara did not distance himself from the common people but fought for their right to education.
- 🎓 He had a diverse educational background, attending various schools including STOVIA for medical studies, though he did not complete it due to illness.
- ✍️ Dewantara was a skilled writer and journalist, known for his sharp and communicative anti-colonial writings.
- 🗣️ In 1912, he was active in Budi Utomo's propaganda section to raise awareness about the importance of unity and nationality among Indonesians.
- 🏛️ On July 25, 1912, Dewantara co-founded the first political party with a national stream for Indonesian independence, though it was rejected by the Dutch.
- 📰 He criticized the Dutch government in an article titled 'If I Were a Dutchman' for collecting funds from the natives to celebrate Dutch independence from France.
- 🛫 Due to his critical writings, Dewantara was exiled along with his colleagues to the Netherlands, where he studied education and teaching, earning a degree.
- 🏫 After his exile, he focused on education as part of the struggle for independence, founding the Tamansiswa National Institute in 1922.
- 🔄 In 1929, he changed his name to Ki Hadjar Dewantara, dropping his noble title to be closer to the people both physically and spiritually.
- 🏅 Recognized posthumously, he was declared the second national hero by President Soekarno, and a national education holiday was established in his honor.
Q & A
Who is Ki Hajar Dewantara?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara is the second national hero of Indonesia, known for his struggle to provide equal education for all indigenous people, regardless of their social status during the Dutch colonial era.
What was Ki Hajar Dewantara's background?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara was born into a noble Javanese family in Yogyakarta on May 2, 1889. Despite his noble background, he was deeply connected to the common people of Indonesia.
What educational institutions did Ki Hajar Dewantara attend?
-He attended school in El, continued his education at the teacher's school (kweekschool) in Yogyakarta, and later pursued medical studies at STOVIA, a school for indigenous doctors, although he did not complete it due to illness.
What was Ki Hajar Dewantara's profession before becoming politically active?
-Before his political activism, Ki Hajar Dewantara worked as a writer and journalist for several well-known newspapers such as 'Sedia', 'Tomo Medan', 'Java De Expres', 'Oetoesan Hindia', and 'Kaom Moeda Tjahaja'.
How did Ki Hajar Dewantara contribute to the independence movement of Indonesia?
-He was active in the propaganda section of Budi Utomo, an organization aimed at raising awareness about the importance of unity and nationalism. He also co-founded the first national political party for Indonesian independence.
What was the significance of the political party Ki Hajar Dewantara co-founded?
-The party he co-founded with Douwes Dekker and Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo on July 25, 1912, was the first political party with a national orientation aimed at achieving Indonesian independence, although its legal registration was rejected by the Dutch.
Why was Ki Hajar Dewantara exiled by the Dutch?
-He was exiled because of his critical writings against the Dutch government, particularly an article titled 'If I Were a Dutchman', which criticized the Dutch for collecting donations from the indigenous people to celebrate their independence from France.
What did Ki Hajar Dewantara study while in exile in the Netherlands?
-During his exile in the Netherlands, Ki Hajar Dewantara studied educational issues and teaching methods, and he successfully obtained a specialized education degree.
What was the purpose of the Tamansiswa National Institute founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara?
-The Tamansiswa National Institute was founded on July 3, 1922, to provide opportunities for the lower classes of indigenous people to receive education comparable to that of the nobility and the Dutch.
How did Ki Hajar Dewantara's life end?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara passed away in Yogyakarta on April 26, 1959, at the age of 69. He was later recognized as the second national hero of Indonesia by President Soekarno.
What is the legacy of Ki Hajar Dewantara in terms of education in Indonesia?
-Ki Hajar Dewantara's legacy in education includes the establishment of the Tamansiswa National Institute, the recognition of his contributions by naming the National Education Day as a national holiday, and the establishment of the Museum Dewantara in Yogyakarta.
Outlines
📚 Ki Hajar Dewantara: Advocate for Equal Education
Ki Hajar Dewantara, born into a noble family in Java, was a national hero of Indonesia who fought for equal education rights for the indigenous people alongside the Dutch and nobility of his time. Despite his noble birth, he remained close to the common people and was a prominent writer and journalist with anti-colonial sentiments. His writings were known for their sharpness and communicative power. Active in the Budi Utomo organization, he aimed to raise awareness about the importance of unity and nationhood. In 1912, he co-founded the first political party with a nationalist agenda for Indonesian independence, but faced legal rejection from the Dutch due to perceived nationalistic fervor. His critical writings against Dutch rule, such as 'If I Were a Dutchman,' led to his exile along with his colleagues to the Dutch East Indies. While in exile, he furthered his studies in education and obtained a prestigious degree, returning to continue his educational endeavors upon his return to Java in 1919.
🏛 Ki Hajar Dewantara's Legacy in Education and Nationalism
Ki Hajar Dewantara continued his dedication to education by establishing the Tamansiswa National School on July 3, 1922, providing opportunities for the lower classes to receive education on par with the nobility and the Dutch. In 1929, he changed his name to reflect his closeness to the people, dropping his noble title. His efforts were recognized when he was appointed as the Minister of Education and Culture in 1950. He was honored with a title from the University of Gadjah Mada and, after his death in 1959, was posthumously declared the second national hero of Indonesia by President Soekarno. His contributions to education led to the establishment of a national holiday in his honor, and a museum was dedicated to him in Yogyakarta. His face was also featured on the 20,000 Indonesian Rupiah banknote in 1998. Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized the role of educators as role models and fighters for the nation's enlightenment, advocating for the creation of an inspiring environment and guidance from teachers.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ki Hajar Dewantara
💡Education
💡Noble Family
💡Propaganda Section
💡Indonesian Independence
💡Pendidikan Berbangsa
💡Exile
💡Tamansiswa
💡National Hero
💡Museum Dewantara
💡Rp20,000 Banknote
Highlights
Ki Hajar Dewantara was the second national hero of Indonesia, known for his efforts in promoting equal education for all native Indonesians.
He was born into a noble family in Java but did not distance himself from the common people.
Ki Hajar Dewantara studied at various institutions including Els, Kweekschool, and STOVIA, but his education was interrupted due to illness.
He worked as a writer and journalist for renowned newspapers, known for his anti-colonial and communicative writings.
In 1913, he was active in the propaganda section of Budi Utomo to raise awareness about the importance of unity and nationality.
Ki Hajar Dewantara co-founded the first national political party for Indonesian independence, though it was rejected by the Dutch.
He criticized the Dutch government in an article titled 'If I Were a Dutchman', leading to his exile.
During his exile in the Netherlands, Ki Hajar Dewantara studied education and obtained a specialized degree.
After his return to Indonesia in 1919, he focused more on education as part of the struggle for independence.
On July 3, 1922, he established the Tamansiswa National Institute to provide quality education for the lower classes.
In 1929, he changed his name to Ki Hadjar Dewantara, dropping his noble title to be closer to the people.
The Dutch colonial government tried to limit his activities by issuing the 'outlaw schools' ordinance in 1932.
Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed as the Minister of Education and Culture in 1950.
He was awarded an honorary title from the University of Gadjah Mada.
Ki Hajar Dewantara passed away in 1959 and was posthumously recognized as the second national hero by President Soekarno.
The government declared National Education Day as a national holiday to commemorate his contributions.
In 1970, the Dewantara Museum was established in Yogyakarta to honor his legacy.
His portrait was featured on the Indonesian Rupiah 20,000 banknote in 1998.
Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized the importance of a good example and guidance in education.
Transcripts
Hai paha Mars Selamat datang di channel
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Pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan
bercerita tentang pahlawan nasional
Indonesia yang kedua yaitu Ki Hajar
Dewantara lahir dari keluarga bangsawan
Jawa tidak membuatnya jauh dari rakyat
Indonesia justru ia berjuang supaya
semua orang pribumi mendapatkan
pendidikan yang setara dengan bangsa
Belanda dan bangsawan pada zaman itu
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Hai penasaran Seperti apa kisah
selengkapnya
yuk simak cerita berikut ini
Ki Hajar Dewantara lahir di pakualaman
Jogja pada tanggal dua Mei tahun
1889
ia bersekolah di Els
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lalu menempuh pendidikan di kweekschool
atau sekolah guru di Yogyakarta
ia melanjutkan pendidikan di stovia atau
sekolah dokter Bumiputera tetapi tidak
sampai tamat karena sakit Ungu
Ki Hajar Dewantara bekerja sebagai
penulis Dan wartawan di beberapa surat
kabar terkenal
seperti sedia Tomo Medan Java De Expres
oetoesan Hindia kaoem moeda Tjahaja
timoer dan poesara
[Musik]
Ia dikenal sebagai penulis yang handal
tulisan-tulisannya komunikatif dan tajam
dengan semangat antikolonial
di tahun
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1983 Ia aktif di seksi propaganda
organisasi Budi Utomo untuk
membangkitkan kesadaran masyarakat
Indonesia tentang pentingnya kesatuan
dan persatuan dalam berbangsa dan
bernegara
Pada tanggal 25 Des tahun 1912
bersama Douwes Dekker dan Cipto
mangoenkoesoemo
ia mendirikan partai politik pertama
yang beraliran nasional kau untuk
kemerdekaan Indonesia
sayangnya pendaftaran berstatus hukum
partainya ditolak oleh Belanda karena
dianggap akan menumbuhkan rasa
nasionalisme rakyat mau
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pada tanggal 13 Juli tahun
1913 ia mengkritik pemerintah Belanda
lewat tulisan di surat kabar karena
Belanda ingin mengumpulkan sumbangan
dari warga pribumi untuk merayakan
pemberian kemerdekaan Belanda dari
Perancis tulisan tersebut berjudulkan
Seandainya aku seorang Belanda
[Musik]
karena tulisan-tulisannya yang
mengkritik ia hendak diasingkan bersama
dua rekannya ke pulau Kupang dan Banda
namun Ia menginginkan untuk diasingkan
ke anda sebagai bagian dari pelaksanaan
hukuman agar
supaya cepet
meninggalkan Indonesia
karena tidak bermaksud akan meneruskan
aktivitas di luar negeri
dan pada tahun
1913 ia diasingkan ke Belanda bersama
ns2.us Dekker dan Cipto mangoenkoesoemo
mereka dikenal sebagai tiga serangkai
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selama di Belanda ia mendalami
masalah-masalah pendidikan dan
pengajaran dan berhasil mendapatkan
ijazah pendidikan bergengsi di Belanda
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setelah pengasingan di Belanda Ria
kembali ke siap pada tahun
1919
[Musik]
Ki Hajar Dewantara semakin mencurahkan
perhatian di bidang pendidikan sebagai
bagian dari alat perjuangan meraih
kemerdekaan
pada tanggal 3 Juli tahun
1922 ia mendirikan perguruan nasional
Tamansiswa untuk memberikan kesempatan
para pribumi kelas bawah mendapat
pendidikan layak seperti para priyayi
dan orang Belanda
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[Tepuk tangan]
pada tahun
1929 Ia mengganti namanya menjadi Ki
Hadjar Dewantara dan tidak lagi
menggunakan gelar kebangsawanan di depan
namanya supaya dapat bebas dekat dengan
rakyat baik secara fisik maupun jiwa
Hai
pada tanggal satu Oktober tahun
1932 pemerintah kolonial Belanda
berusaha membatasi aktivitasnya dengan
mengeluarkan ordonansi sekolah liar pada
tahun
1950 Dia diangkat sebagai Menteri
Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
tujuh tahun kemudian
Ia mendapat gelar dari Universitas
Gadjah Mada
[Musik]
pada tanggal 26 April tahun
1959 ia meninggal di Jogja pada usia
enam puluh sembilan tahun
[Musik]
tidak lama setelah itu pada tanggal 28
November tahun
29 ia dikukuhkan sebagai pahlawan
nasional yang kedua oleh Presiden
Soekarno
dan pada tanggal 16 Des di tahun yang
sama pemerintah telah menetapkan hari
pendidikan nasional sebagai hari libur
nasional
[Musik]
untuk mengingat jasa-jasanya pada tahun
1970 didirikanlah museum Dewantara kirti
Griya di Yogyakarta
[Musik]
pada tahun
1998 mukanya diabadikan pada uang kertas
rupiah Rp20.000 tahun emisi
Hai
[Musik]
Ki Hajar Dewantara pernah berkata
[Musik]
di depan seorang pendidik harus memberi
teladan yang baik ditengah atau diantara
murid guru harus menciptakan prakarsa
dan ide dari belakang seorang guru harus
memberikan dorongan dan arahan
guru adalah seorang pejuang tulus tanpa
tanda jasa mencerdaskan bangsa
Oh aku paham sekarang jangan lupa
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[Musik]
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