Sintesis Protein: Transkripsi dan Translasi DNA | Ilmu Biomedik Dasar | Brainy Panda

Summary

This script delves into the fundamental process of protein synthesis, starting with DNA transcription into mRNA. It explains the role of ribosomes, codons, and tRNA in translating the mRNA message into a sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming proteins. The video script simplifies complex biological concepts, making them accessible to viewers, and highlights the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis, inviting curious minds to explore further in the comment section.

Takeaways

• 🧬 DNA contains a sequence of nitrogenous bases that function as a message to be sent to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
• 🌐 The term 'ATG' in DNA is used as an example to illustrate how the sequence can be translated into a protein synthesis command.
• 📝 Ribosomes understand RNA, not DNA, necessitating a process called transcription to convert DNA's message into RNA.
• 🔄 Transcription is the process where DNA's nitrogenous base sequence is rewritten in the form of RNA, using uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
• 🔄 The base pairing rules during transcription are adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), and vice versa.
• 📤 Once transcribed, the RNA carries the same message as DNA but in a form that ribosomes can interpret.
• 💌 The RNA produced is referred to as Messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the message from DNA to the ribosome.
• 🔠 The process of translation involves the ribosome reading the mRNA sequence and assembling amino acids into a protein based on codon instructions.
• 🧲 Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as a carrier, bringing the correct amino acid to the mRNA codon that calls for it.
• 🔑 Each tRNA molecule contains an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.
• 🥚 The final product of translation is a polypeptide or protein, which can be utilized by the body for various functions.

Q & A

What is the main function of DNA as described in the script?

The main function of DNA is to carry the sequence of nitrogenous bases which act as a message to be sent to the ribosome, instructing it to start making specific proteins.

What is the significance of the ATG codon in DNA?

The ATG codon in DNA is significant as it serves as a start codon, signaling the ribosome to begin the process of protein synthesis.

What process allows DNA to produce a complementary RNA strand?

The process of transcription allows DNA to produce a complementary RNA strand by using the DNA sequence as a template to create a new RNA sequence.

How does the base pairing differ between DNA and RNA during transcription?

During transcription, adenine (A) in DNA pairs with uracil (U) in RNA, thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair with each other in both DNA and RNA.

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

The role of messenger RNA (mRNA) is to carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

What is the term used for the process where the ribosome reads the mRNA and forms a protein?

The process where the ribosome reads the mRNA and forms a protein is called translation.

What are codons and how do they relate to amino acids in protein synthesis?

Codons are sequences of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids. Each codon serves as a command to call for a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the translation process?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions as an adapter molecule that carries the appropriate amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain during translation, matching the amino acid with its corresponding codon on the mRNA.

How does the ribosome ensure that the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain?

The ribosome ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain by recognizing the anticodon on the tRNA, which is complementary to the codon on the mRNA.

What is the final product of the transcription and translation process?

The final product of the transcription and translation process is a protein, which is a polypeptide chain made up of amino acids in a specific sequence.

Are there any differences between protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells mentioned in the script?

The script does not detail the differences between protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells but suggests that there are slight differences, which might be discussed in the comment section of the video.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Understanding DNA Transcription Process

The speaker introduces the concept of DNA and its role in creating proteins. They emphasize the importance of understanding the previous video for context. The paragraph explains that DNA contains sequences of nitrogen bases that serve as messages to ribosomes, instructing them to produce specific proteins. However, since ribosomes only understand RNA and not DNA, a process called transcription is necessary. During transcription, the DNA sequence is rewritten into RNA, replacing thymine with uracil. This RNA, known as mRNA (messenger RNA), carries the message from DNA to ribosomes to initiate protein synthesis.

05:01

🔗 Codons, tRNA, and Protein Synthesis

This paragraph delves into the structure and function of codons, which are sequences of three nitrogen bases in RNA that correspond to specific amino acids. The process involves tRNA (transfer RNA) transporting amino acids to the ribosome, where they are matched with the corresponding codons on the mRNA. The anticodon, a complementary sequence on the tRNA, pairs with the codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. This process, known as translation, results in the formation of a polypeptide, which is a chain of amino acids that eventually folds into a functional protein. The paragraph concludes by briefly mentioning the overall process of protein synthesis, which includes both transcription and translation.

Keywords

💡DNA

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. In the video, DNA is described as a chain containing a sequence of nitrogenous bases, which serve as a message to be sent to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

💡Ribosome

A ribosome is a complex molecular machine found within cells that synthesizes proteins from amino acid precursors. In the context of the video, the ribosome reads the message from the DNA, via messenger RNA (mRNA), and begins the process of assembling proteins.

💡Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules that play a crucial role in virtually every process within a cell. The video explains that proteins are synthesized based on the instructions encoded in DNA and transcribed into RNA.

💡Transcription

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The video script describes transcription as the process where the DNA message is rewritten in the language of RNA.

💡mRNA

Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a specific protein. The video script uses the term 'mRNA' to explain the intermediate molecule that carries the DNA's message to the ribosome.

💡Adenine

Adenine is a nucleobase found in DNA and RNA, known as one of the four bases. In the video, adenine is mentioned as part of the DNA sequence and its pairing with uracil (in RNA) during transcription.

💡Thymine

Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid DNA, paired with adenine. The video script explains that in RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil, which pairs with adenine.

💡Codon

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a termination signal during protein synthesis. The video script uses the term 'codon' to describe the three-letter sequences in mRNA that code for specific amino acids.

💡tRNA

Transfer RNA, or tRNA, is a type of RNA molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis. In the video, tRNA is described as the intermediary that brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon it pairs with on the mRNA.

💡Anticodon

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA codon. The video script explains that the anticodon pairs with the codon on the mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.

💡Translation

Translation is the process by which the ribosome synthesizes a protein using the sequence of codons in the mRNA as a template. The video script describes translation as the process where the ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the corresponding amino acids into a protein.

Highlights

Introduction to the importance of watching the DNA video for understanding jargon and concepts.

DNA is composed of a sequence of nitrogenous bases that function as a message to the ribosome.

The message in DNA is translated into a language the ribosome can understand.

Explanation of the ATG start codon in DNA signaling the beginning of protein synthesis.

The ribosome's role is to understand only RNA language, not DNA.

DNA must undergo transcription to form a complementary RNA strand.

Transcription is the process of rewriting the DNA message in a different format, RNA.

Base pairing rules: Adenine pairs with Uracil in RNA instead of Thymine in DNA, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

The function of Messenger RNA (mRNA) is to carry the message from DNA to the ribosome.

The ribosome reads the mRNA and forms proteins based on the message.

Protein synthesis involves two main processes: transcription and translation.

Each set of three bases in mRNA, called a codon, codes for a specific amino acid.

tRNA acts as an adapter, bringing the correct amino acid to the mRNA codon.

The anticodon on tRNA is complementary to the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.

The process of translation results in a chain of amino acids, forming a polypeptide or protein.

Protein synthesis is the process of creating proteins through transcription and translation.

Differences in protein synthesis between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells will be discussed in the comments.

Transcripts

halo halo

bytes

untuk bytes yang belum nonton video DNA

kitas Dominic Aku sarankan Kalian nonton

video itu terlebih dahulu karena pada

video ini ada banyak kata-kata atau

jargon dan konsep yang penjelasannya ada

di video tersebut

di video sebelum ini kita udah bahas

bahwa satu rantai DNA seperti ini itu

mengandung urutan basa nitrogen

urutan basa nitrogen ini kita bisa

bayangkan fungsinya adalah sebagai pesan

ya Pesan yang mau kita kirim ke ribosom

yang isinya adalah perintah agar ribosom

itu mulai membuat berbagai jenis protein

tertentu

misal disini kan kita punya ATG asg

ini kan dalam bahasa DNA ya cuman kalau

kita Terjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia

bisa jadi itu bunyinya seperti Hai

ribosom tolong buatkan aku jenis protein

a

Church sekarang masalahnya begini

bandess

ribosom kita ini bisa dibilang dia

ngertinya Hanya bahasa Erna bukan DNA

sedangkan di sini kita punya kans rantai

DNA ya

Oleh karena itu untuk mendapatkan

serantai Irna

DNA kita mesti melewati suatu proses

yang namanya transkripsi

yang terjadi pada transkripsi adalah

sebagai berikut

kalau kita punya serantai DNA yang basa

nitrogennya itu enggak berpasangan Jadi

bebas seperti ini dia bisa menjadi wadah

untuk membuat serantai Irna baru ya

Hai nah kata transkripsi atau transkrip

kalau dalam bahasa Indonesia itu artinya

menulis ulang dalam format yang berbeda

dan itulah yang terjadi pada proses

transkripsi

pesan yang ada pada DNA kita ini akan

ditulis ulang dalam bahasa Erna

Jadi kalau pada DNA kan basa nitrogen

yaitu adenin timin guanin dan sitosin

kalau pada Erna timingnya ini akan

diganti dengan yourself jadi adenin

yourself guanin dan sitosin

dan kalau kita mau ubah pesan DNA

menjadi RNA kita tinggal ingat bahwa

adenin itu pasangannya dengan yourself

dan guanin pasangannya dengan sitosin

Hai jadi disini setiap adenin akan

menjadi Euro Shield

Hai tiap guanin akan menjadi sitosin dan

setiap sitosin akan menjadi guanin

Hai nah Kak kalau kita ketemu timin

gimana

kan pada basa nitrogen DNA kita udah

lihat bahwa timin itu pasangannya adenin

jadi setiap kita ketemu timin di er

nanya dia akan menjadi adenin

Nah itu adalah proses transkripsi Beni

benden jadi setelah transkripsi sekarang

kita punya sebuah Erna yang mengandung

pesan yang sama dengan pesan kita yang

ada di DNA cuman dalam bahasa Erna itu

sekarang tugas Erna kita adalah mengirim

pesan kita ke ribosom supaya kita bisa

mulai proses yang namanya translasi cuma

Sebelum kita mulai translasi Kalian

Dengar Enggak tadi aku ngomong apa-apa

Hai petugas Erna ini adalah mengirim

suatu pesan ya Pesan kalo dalam bahasa

Inggris itu message sedangkan pengirim

pesan itu Messenger

Oh berarti Erna ini kita sebut sebagai

Messenger Erna atau MrNa

Hai karena fungsi dia adalah sebagai

Messenger atau pengirim pesan dari DNA

ke ribosom

Oke Benny bandess Sekarang kita mulai

tahap translasi yang terjadi pada

ribosom Dan intinya pada tahapan ini

ribosom akan Ya bisa dibilang membaca ya

MrNa kita dan membentuk protein yang

kita pesan

prosesnya adalah sebagai berikut

di video sebelumya kan kita udah bahas

ya satu struktur seperti ini yang

tersusun atas satu basa nitrogen dan

Helix ya kita sebut sebagai satu

nukleotida

MP3 nukleotida kita sebut sebagai satu

cotton

jadi di sini kita punya tiga kodon

nah setiap kodon itu kan basa

nitrogennya bisa bermacam-macam ya Gak

misal Kan Golden pertama kita uaaaa

cuman kodon keduanya Swag dan yang

ketiga gsu berarti ia basa nitrogennya

bisa bermacam-macam

seperti yang kita udah bahas di video

sebelum ini setiap tiga basa nitrogen

yang berbeda dalam satu kodon itu

merupakan sebuah pesan atau perintah

untuk memanggil jenis asam amino

tertentu

Hai bisa uap bisa aja merupakan pesan

untuk memanggil jenis asam amino

it is huge bisa aja pesan ya untuk

memanggil asam amino 2

dan KSU bisa aja memanggil asam amino

tiga

asam amino-asam amino ini mereka tuh

nggak sembarangan tiba-tiba melayang aja

terus nempel ke COD only MrNa kita ya

mereka itu diantar sebenarnya mereka

diantar oleh perantara yang kita sebut

sebagai trna ya

Jadi bisa dibayangkan tiap asam amino

ini akan menempel ke satu jenis trna

dan kalau misal asam amino tersebut

dipanggil oleh kodon MrNa kita

trna akan membawa asam amino tersebut

dan menempel pada kodon MrNa yang

memanggilnya

dan kalau kita perhatikan

tiap trna itu memang mengandung 3 Khan

hidrogen yang merupakan pasangan dari

basa nitrogen kodon MrNa yang

memanggilnya

Hai misalkan kodon pertama huaaaa

Oh berarti pembahasan nitrogen pada trna

pertama itu a u

i couldn't kedua kan Swag

berarti di trna nya itu

i couldn't ketiga itu kan gesu

berarti pada trna nya itu sg&a jadi

sesuai dengan aturan basa nitrogen Erna

nah Kalian kan kalau nonton film

superhero kayak Marvel atau DC gitu

kebalikannya Hero kan anti-hero yang

enggak

tiga basa nitrogen pada MrNa

itu kita sebut sebagai kodon

berarti pasangannya yang ada di trna

kita sebutnya bukan Odon lagi cuman

antikodon ya karena dia merupakan

pasangannya kode

Kevin pendek setelah melalui fase

translasi sekarang kita udah punya satu

rantai asam amino

Rp100 Hai asam amino adalah

satu polipeptida atau protein

itu penyanyi pantes adalah proses

translasi ya dan sekarang kita udah

punya sebuah protein yang bisa

dimanfaatkan oleh tubuh kita

nah semua ini begini pendek dari

transkripsi ke translasi kita sebut

sebagai proses sintesis protein jadi

sintesis itu artinya membuat ya jadi

sintesis protein itu proses membuat

protein yang terdiri dari tahapan

transkripsi dan translasi

Hai dan sebenarnya nanti kalau berani

pantes baca-baca ya

proses sintesis protein pada sel

eukariotik dan prokariotik itu ada

bedanya sedikit cuman karena video ini

udah cukup panjang aku akhiri videonya

di sini aja mungkin perbedaannya aku

tulis aja di comment section jadi kalau

brightness mau lihat perbedaannya Apa

kalian Scroll aja lihat comment section