Lesson 32 Good example of a data presentation

Summary

This presentation guide offers a structured approach to crafting effective data-driven presentations. It emphasizes simplicity in the title slide, the importance of dating presentations for context, and using a narrative to engage audiences. It introduces data visually, avoiding clutter, and suggests using animations and annotations to direct attention. The script discusses analyzing European demographic and economic data to understand happiness levels, using heat maps and scatter plots to illustrate findings. It concludes that wealth, health, and happiness are correlated, noting the need for further analysis to determine causality, and stresses the importance of storytelling in data presentation.

Takeaways

• 🗓️ Always include the date on the title slide to provide context for when the presentation was made and the circumstances surrounding it.
• 📝 Start with a clear purpose statement to set the stage for what the presentation is about and what story the data will tell.
• 📊 Use a visual on the first slide without text to introduce the audience to the data set without overwhelming them with information.
• 🔍 Introduce the data set and its components (e.g., demographic, economic data points) before diving into specific analysis.
• 🎨 Use color and design consistently to help the audience follow the presentation's theme and make it visually coherent.
• 👀 Utilize animations and annotations to direct the audience's attention to specific parts of the visual as you discuss them.
• 📉 Explain the visuals, especially complex ones like scatter plots, in depth the first time they are used to ensure the audience understands the analysis.
• 📝 Keep text on slides short and concise, using it only to highlight the main points being discussed to avoid distraction.
• 🔗 Ensure smooth transitions between slides to maintain the flow of the presentation and to guide the audience through the content logically.
• 📈 Use correlation coefficients to quantify the relationship between variables and explain these concepts in a simplified manner for better understanding.
• 🔑 Conclude with clear findings that tie back to the initial purpose, such as the relationship between wealth, health, and happiness, and suggest areas for future analysis.

Q & A

What is the importance of including the date on the title slide of a presentation?

The date on the title slide is crucial as it provides context and allows for the analysis to be placed within a specific timeframe. It helps the audience to understand the circumstances under which the presentation was made, and is useful for future reference or when the presentation is shared within a company.

Why is it essential to start a presentation with a clear purpose statement?

A clear purpose statement at the beginning of a presentation sets the context and informs the audience about the main topic and objectives of the presentation. It helps to focus the audience's attention and expectations on what the presentation aims to achieve.

What role does storytelling play in a data-driven presentation?

Storytelling in a data-driven presentation helps to engage the audience by presenting data in a narrative format. It makes the data more relatable and easier to understand, allowing the audience to follow the analysis and insights more effectively.

Why is it recommended to keep the title slide simple with just the title, presenter, and date?

A simple title slide helps to avoid clutter and ensures that the audience can quickly grasp the main topic and who is presenting. It also emphasizes the importance of the date, providing a clear reference point for when the analysis was conducted.

What is the significance of the conclusion slide in a presentation?

The conclusion slide is significant as it summarizes the main findings of the presentation and provides recommendations if applicable. It helps to reinforce the key points and leaves a lasting impression on the audience.

How can animations be effectively used in a presentation to enhance understanding?

Animations can be used to direct the audience's attention to specific parts of a slide as the presenter discusses them. They can also help to prevent the audience from becoming overwhelmed or distracted by introducing new concepts gradually.

What is the purpose of the appendix in a presentation?

The appendix in a presentation serves as a supplementary section where additional information, data visuals, and context that do not fit within the main flow of the presentation can be included. It provides a comprehensive resource for those who seek more detail.

Why is it important to introduce the data set before diving into the analysis in a presentation?

Introducing the data set before the analysis ensures that the audience has a clear understanding of the source and nature of the data being presented. This foundation is crucial for the audience to follow and trust the subsequent analysis and conclusions.

How should scatter plots be used in a presentation to effectively communicate data relationships?

Scatter plots should be introduced and explained in detail the first time they are used to ensure the audience understands the axes and what is being compared. Once understood, they can be used to visually represent correlations and relationships between different data points.

What is the role of annotations in guiding the audience's attention during a presentation?

Annotations serve as visual cues that guide the audience's gaze and attention to specific parts of a visual or data set as the presenter discusses them. They help to clarify what is being shown and ensure that the audience is focusing on the right aspect of the presentation.

Why is it important to maintain a logical flow when transitioning between slides in a presentation?

A logical flow in transitioning between slides helps to keep the audience engaged and ensures that they can follow the progression of the presentation. It also signals the end of one topic and the beginning of another, providing a clear structure to the presentation.

How can the presenter use the correlation coefficient to explain relationships between variables in a data set?

The presenter can use the correlation coefficient to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. By explaining what the values close to +1, -1, and 0 represent, the presenter can help the audience understand the degree of correlation and its implications.

What are the key takeaways from the analysis presented in the script?

The key takeaways are that wealthier countries tend to have higher average happiness levels, healthier countries also tend to have a happier population, and that wealth, health, and happiness appear to be interconnected. However, it is also noted that correlation does not imply causation and further analysis is needed to understand causal relationships.

What is the final recommendation for future analysis based on the presented data?

The final recommendation is to conduct further analysis to understand the causal effects between wealth, health, and happiness, as the current analysis only shows correlation and not causation.

Outlines

00:00

📅 Presentation Structure and Data Storytelling

The speaker introduces the framework for an effective presentation, emphasizing the importance of a simple title slide with essential information like the presentation title, presenter, and date. The purpose of the presentation is outlined as a story with data, including a clear beginning, development, and conclusion with recommendations if applicable. The speaker also highlights the significance of including the date for future reference and context. The presentation flow is detailed, starting with a transition slide that sets the stage for the topics to be discussed, followed by a table of contents to guide the audience through the presentation.

05:01

🗺️ Visualizing Data for Clear Communication

The speaker discusses the approach to presenting data visually, starting with a clean slide that introduces the dataset without overwhelming text. The dataset is described as containing demographic and economic indicators for European countries, collected between 2015 and 2017. The use of a heat map is introduced to represent happiness scores, with annotations and animations suggested as tools to guide the audience's attention and understanding. The speaker emphasizes the importance of explaining visuals thoroughly before delving into analysis, ensuring that the audience is familiar with the data representation and the analysis process.

10:02

📊 Analyzing Correlations with Demographics and Economics

The speaker continues with the presentation's analytical phase, using scatter plots to explore potential correlations between happiness and various factors such as population size, health, and GDP. The importance of explaining new concepts, such as correlation coefficients, in a simplified manner is highlighted to ensure audience comprehension. The speaker also stresses the significance of smooth transitions between slides to maintain audience engagement and understanding of the presentation's progression. Findings from the analysis, such as the lack of correlation between happiness and population, and the positive correlation between happiness, health, and GDP, are summarized.

15:04

💡 Drawing Conclusions and Discussing Future Research

The speaker concludes the presentation by summarizing the findings that wealthier and healthier countries tend to have higher happiness levels. The conclusion emphasizes the interrelation between wealth, health, and happiness, while also acknowledging the need for further research to understand causality. The speaker advises on the importance of discussing limitations and future analysis to address potential questions arising from the presentation. The final slide is reserved for questions, marking the end of the presentation and inviting audience interaction.

🎨 The Art of Data Storytelling

In the final paragraph, the speaker reflects on the art of data storytelling, reminding the audience that while tools and frameworks can guide the presentation layout, it is the presenter's personality and analytical skills that bring the data to life. The speaker encourages presenters to infuse their own style and expertise into their presentations to help the audience better understand the analytics and insights being shared.

Keywords

💡Presentation

A presentation is a formal discourse or show that presents information to an audience. In the video's context, it refers to the method used to convey the findings of an analysis. The script emphasizes the importance of a clear and organized presentation to effectively communicate complex data and its implications.

💡Title Slide

The title slide is the introductory part of a presentation that contains the title of the presentation, the presenter's name, and the date. It sets the stage for what the audience can expect to learn. The script mentions that it should be simple and include essential information like the date, which is crucial for the context of the analysis.

💡Purpose Statement

A purpose statement defines the objective of the presentation. It guides the audience on what to expect and helps the presenter stay focused on the main message. The script uses the purpose statement to clearly outline the intention of the analysis, which is to identify factors contributing to a happier life.

💡Storytelling

Storytelling in a presentation refers to the art of conveying information in a narrative format that engages the audience. The script emphasizes that a presentation is essentially a story with data, highlighting the importance of a narrative structure in making data relatable and understandable.

💡Data Visualization

Data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data. It helps in making complex data more accessible and understandable. The script discusses the use of visuals like heat maps and scatter plots to represent data, illustrating the relationship between variables such as happiness scores, population, health, and GDP.

💡Correlation

Correlation measures the extent to which two variables are linearly related. In the video, the term is used to describe the relationships between happiness and other factors like health and GDP. The script explains the concept of a correlation coefficient and how it was used to determine the strength of relationships in the analysis.

💡Demographic Data

Demographic data refers to statistical information about a population's characteristics, such as age, gender, and population size. The script mentions demographic data as part of the dataset used in the analysis, indicating its importance in understanding the factors contributing to happiness.

💡Economic Data

Economic data includes statistics on economic activity, such as GDP or gross domestic product. The script discusses how economic data was analyzed to determine its correlation with health and happiness, suggesting that wealthier countries tend to have higher happiness levels.

💡Animations

Animations in a presentation are moving visual elements that can guide the audience's attention and enhance understanding. The script describes how animations can be used to direct the audience's focus to specific parts of a data visualization as the presenter discusses them.

💡Annotations

Annotations are explanatory notes or comments added to a visual to clarify its meaning. The script mentions annotations as a tool for highlighting specific data points within a visualization, such as pointing out the happiness score within a country on a heat map.

💡Conclusion

A conclusion in a presentation summarizes the main findings and provides final thoughts or recommendations. The script discusses the importance of a clear conclusion slide that encapsulates the analysis's results, such as the relationship between wealth, health, and happiness.

💡Causality

Causality refers to a cause-and-effect relationship between events or phenomena. The script notes the need for future analysis to understand any causal effects between wealth, health, and happiness, indicating that while the presentation shows correlation, it does not imply causation.

Highlights

The importance of including the date in a presentation slide for future reference and context.

The presentation should tell a story with data, starting with a clear purpose statement.

The structure of a presentation includes a title slide, transition slides, data presentation, conclusion, and appendix.

Use of animations to direct audience attention and prevent distraction during data introduction.

Annotations on visuals can guide the audience's gaze and focus.

The presenter introduces the data set and its relevance before displaying text on slides.

The use of a heat map to represent happiness scores by country.

Lack of correlation between geographical location and happiness levels.

The significance of transition in maintaining the flow of a presentation.

Explaining scatter plots and their axes to the audience for clarity.

Finding little to no correlation between happiness and population size.

The introduction of demographic and economic factors in analyzing happiness.

A positive correlation found between happiness and health, explained with a correlation coefficient.

The relationship between GDP, health, and happiness, with stronger correlations as we move from health to GDP.

Wealthier countries tend to have a higher average happiness level, suggesting a link between wealth, health, and happiness.

The need for future analysis to understand causal effects between wealth, health, and happiness.

The conclusion that storytelling with data is an art, requiring personal input and skill in data analytics.

Transcripts

[Music]

so now that you know what not to do

i'm going to walk you through how i

would tackle a presentation

so to start you can see the title slide

is a lot simpler we have a title

we have who is presenting and we have

when it occurred

now i do want to talk a little bit about

the date at the bottom which is an

important factor that you shouldn't

forget to include

you may come back to this presentation a

few months later

even a year later or this may be

disseminated across your

company it's important to know that

when this analysis took place and

why and what were the circumstances of

it and a big part of that is

what were the circumstances of the

company at the time that this was

actually presented

so the next slide is giving an idea of

what you're going to be presenting to

everyone and when

so you start with your purpose statement

you're going to be discussing

what are we talking about the next

aspect is

where you actually tell your story and

that's an important concept is this

overall presentation is a story with

data

and finally you have your conclusion

slide you're going

to be very clear that this is the

conclusion this is where you're going to

add recommendations if this is in a

business context

and then you'll have your appendix where

you can have an additional

information on data data visuals as well

as

overall context for the presentation

that may not

work within the overall flow itself

so our transition slide what are we

talking about

so this is where you let the audience

know what we're talking about

what are we trying to tell them what are

all the slides that are following this

going to be driving towards

so when we look at this slide i'm trying

to

identify if there are geographic

demographic

and or economic factors that contribute

to a happier life

that is the purpose of the overall

presentation

so everybody now in the room knows this

and that is what they're going to be

thinking about as you present all of the

data to them

next section on our table of contents

present the data

it is important to mention these will

probably have different titles as you

build them out

but this is the topic that we're moving

into

so you'll recognize this visual from the

messy slide

but it has a different color context

that's not as important but what is

important is when you get here

you have a title on the slide you have a

visual

but there is no text and this is an

important aspect to it

is what we're trying to do is

walk and introduce the audience to the

overall data that you're going to be

using

now this is the first slide that has any

form of

content on it so it's important that you

introduce them

to the underlying data and seeing as the

data is all about

geographic demographic and economic data

points for each country

it's important that the visual

represents that

if i were to be the presenter on a slide

like this i would start by

getting to this slide and explaining the

process and data that we're looking at

so we analyzed data set consisting of

data collected from residents

of european countries between 2015 and

2017.

the data contained demographic and

economic data

for individuals within each country

including population

gdp or gross domestic product

and a happiness score per person so i've

now

introduced them to the data set there's

still no text

so they know that they should be looking

at the visual and listening to me

now the next aspect which is can be

over utilized but i've also seen

underutilized is using animations in

your presentation

animations can be used as a way to

direct your audience's attention

as you speak a way to say look over here

at this area of the slide as i'm talking

it also allows them not to get too

bogged down or distracted

as you're introducing new concepts to

them because remember as you're

introducing data that

technical components may be new to a lot

of people and finally

another way to do this is through

annotations on top of visuals that can

be used as another form of directing

their gaze and their overall attention

so putting these together we can have

something like an annotation appear

as you're discussing it so if we were

trying to explain what the visual is

showing

we have an annotation that pops up that

says happiness score

and points to the score within the

specific country and we can explain

exactly

what the visual is showing so in this

way we could say something like

we began by creating a heat map of the

happiness score for each country

where the number within each country

represents

the overall score and the colors

represent

how high or how low the score is on a

scale so

the darker blue the country is the

higher the numeric

happiness score for that country the

deeper red

that the country is the lower the

happiness score

and overall numeric value so what we've

done

before any text has appeared on the

screen is explain the visual

explain the overall data that they're

going to be looking at throughout the

presentation

so that they now can understand when we

dive into this specific analysis

so it's important that you only use text

on the screen

in a short and concise manner to

highlight the main points that you're

discussing

so after i introduce the visual

i can now dive into the analysis so we

have our first bullet point

happiness levels vary widely by country

so with this

as it appears my speaker notes can be

something along the lines of

however as high and low scores are

spread sporadically throughout the map

there is little correlation that we find

between geographical location and

happiness

finally we concluded that the

geographical location alone was not a

strong indicator of happiness

so as you can see as i'm discussing and

as i'm explaining what we were looking

at within the data

the overall text on the screen only

populated as i began to discuss it so

the audience knew exactly where to look

and exactly what to be listening to when

i'm talking

a very important aspect of the flow of

the overall presentation

is the transition from one slide to the

next so

as i'm discussing this you can use a

bullet point you can use your speaker

notes either way there should be some

transition

from one slide to the next so that you

the audience knows that

this part is over and they know what's

coming next so

for this slide i used my speaker note so

i'm going to explain the transition

something like our next step was to

identify the

demographic and economic differences

between the higher and lower countries

to isolate

the correlated features between them so

we get to the next slide

very common theme it may be a different

visual but the

overall title and where the text is

going to show up

is going to be in the same place so we

familiarize them with the overall theme

of the presentation within

three slides now the title immediately

tells what we're going to be discussing

the previous one was geographic this one

is all based on population

as we move through this slide and as you

saw in the messy example we use a lot of

scatter plots

and scatter plots may not always be the

best option

because they are rather difficult for

people to follow within presentations

but if you explain it to them once so

that they understand

you can use them throughout the

presentation because you've familiarized

them with it

so because it's the first time it popped

up it's important that you explain the

visual in depth and all the features of

it that you will be

talking about later throughout the

presentation we use animations again

we talk about what are the axes on the

scatter plot

we created a scatter plot in which we

plotted countries based on their

happiness score

and the population to see if there was a

correlation between the two

the higher up something is on the

scatter plot the happier

the country is the further to the right

that the country is plotted the larger

the population

and the line that goes between the two

is testing for

correlation or if these two different

points

are related to one another so these

annotations and these animations are

there to clarify what the chart is

plotting

now the overall purpose is that we are

attempting to identify if there is a

relationship

between the population size of the

country and the overall happiness score

so now that you have explained what this

visual is you can now dive into the

results of it

now this slide itself has one bullet

point

it is the results of the overall

analysis that you can find

just based on the data visual we found

that there was little to no correlation

between happiness and population

based on the analysis that we ran so all

discussion and in-depth explanation of

the visual

is kept in the speaking notes besides

the overall annotations

and again the transition is very

important to the next slide so

you can say something like so next we

dove into the specific demographics of

each country to see if we can identify

the features

that separate or correlate with the

overall happiness of the country

again same thing we have the title

we know what we're going to be talking

about now this is now the health of each

country and how it correlates with

happiness

we have a scatter plot again except the

good news is

you've already introduced what the

scatter plot is and what you are

comparing on there

so now the audience has been

familiarized with the data set you don't

have to go through and explain

exactly what the visual is representing

you can dive into

the overall differences or analysis that

you're going to be presenting on this

slide

you can have something explaining that

we found

a positive correlation between happiness

and health

or overall life expectancy of the

country

now we found this because the

correlation coefficient

between the two different factors being

happiness

and health was 0.50

now you just introduced a new concept

this is where you have

to now explain the new concept

because otherwise you may lose people in

the room this is a

technical component to your overall

analysis and it is important component

so it is

critical that you do explain what it is

but in a simplified way so that

everybody understands

so you can say something along the lines

of a correlation coefficient

is a measure of strength and direction

of the linear relationship

between two variables so in other words

the closer to

one that the number is the more

positively correlated they are meaning

when

one of the variables goes up so does the

other one

the closer to negative one that the

number is

the more negatively correlated they are

meaning as

one of the variables such as happiness

goes up

that the other variable like health

would go down

and the closer to zero it is it means

they are not correlated at all which is

what we saw

between population and happiness and

means that they have no relationship

together so

we've now explained exactly what it is

that we used as an analysis on this

specific slide

and it's important again that we discuss

the transition to the next

so we did find that there was a positive

correlation between happiness and health

but the question remains are happy

people healthy

or are healthy people happy we know that

they are related but we don't know what

causes the other

and finally what contributes to a longer

life expectancy

if we know that longer life expectancy

is related to happiness what is it that

helps

create longer life expectancy within a

country

now these are the two questions that we

need to answer before the end of the

presentation moving on from here

so again we are creating a logical flow

as we move through this presentation

now we are looking at a new concept

wealth

within each country now that you are

using such as the scatter plot are

familiar with the audience

it's okay now that you add in additional

ones

so you can say something along the lines

of we then

analyzed how gdp or the overall

economic status of the country relates

to the overall health of the country

because if we know that gdp is related

to health

and we know that health is related to

happiness then we can

infer additional information through

that

so we found that there is a strong

correlation

between gross domestic product and the

overall health

of a specific country with a 0.7

correlation coefficient so higher

than the overall correlation coefficient

for

health and happiness next we found

an even stronger correlation between gdp

and happiness so whereas we first looked

at health and happiness and then

gdp and health we're now looking at gdp

and happiness and found that it has the

highest

correlation coefficient between all

three of those comparisons

so we have a conclusion within just this

slide which is

we found that richer countries have a

higher average happiness level

this is a good transition to the overall

conclusion of now your entire

presentation

so again you're directing your audience

through just presenting the text that

you want them to look at

your first conclusion from your overall

presentation

wealthier countries and ones that have

sustained

economic growth tend to have a higher

average happiness level your second

conclusion

healthier countries also tend to have a

happier population

however healthier countries also tend to

be wealthy

and finally this is where you take it

home so our evidence suggests that

wealth

health and happiness all go together

it's important to also discuss any

caveats or future analysis that needs to

be ran to answer the questions that may

come up

based on this analysis so we have said

that

the evidence suggests that wealth health

and happiness all go together

but that does not mean that one causes

the other

so there needs to be future analysis to

understand any causal effects between

them

and then you have your final slide and

this is where questions would come in

so it's important to remember that data

storytelling is an

art what we've given you is some

high-level overview and examples of what

not to do

and an improved version but don't be

afraid to put yourself in there

the overall presentation style is going

to come from your personality and skill

set within data analytics

you can use the tools that we use to

help you build

the layout of your presentation but

it's up to you to really put a lot of

yourself into it

and a lot of your own skills to help

people understand the overall analytics

that you've run