Bagaimanakah tahapan Glikolisis?
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the concept of glycolysis, the first stage of the respiration process. It explains how glucose, a six-carbon sugar, is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, generating 2 NADH and 2 ATP. The script details the 10 steps of glycolysis, highlighting the 'investment phase' where ATP is consumed and the 'pay-off phase' where energy is produced. The process concludes with the net production of 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose molecule, offering viewers a clear understanding of glycolysis's energy dynamics.
Takeaways
- 🍬 Glycolysis is the first stage in the process of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into a different sugar structure.
- 🔬 The term 'glycolysis' translates to 'sugar selection' in English and refers to the breakdown of glucose.
- 📉 Glucose, a 6-carbon sugar, is split into two molecules of pyruvate, yielding 2 NADH and 2 ATP during glycolysis.
- 🔑 The first step of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate using the enzyme hexokinase, which is the first use of ATP.
- 🔄 The second step changes glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase.
- 🔄 Fructose 6-phosphate is then converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase, marking the second ATP usage.
- 🔪 Aldolase enzyme breaks fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon sugars: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
- 🔄 The conversion between DHAP and G3P occurs but does not reach equilibrium, with G3P being used in subsequent steps.
- 💰 The first five steps of glycolysis are known as the 'investment phase' where ATP is consumed, totaling two molecules.
- 🚀 Steps six to ten are the 'energy-generating phase' or 'pay-off phase', where ATP is produced, totaling four molecules.
- 📊 Overall, glycolysis results in the net production of 2 ATP and 2 NADH per molecule of glucose, after the investment phase.
Q & A
What is glycolysis and what is its role in cellular respiration?
-Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, a metabolic process where glucose is broken down into a different sugar structure, resulting in the production of two molecules of pyruvate, along with 2 NADH and 2 ATP.
What is the term for the first step in glycolysis in English and what does it mean in Indonesian?
-In English, the first step in glycolysis is called 'hexokinase,' which translates to 'hexokinase' in Indonesian, indicating the enzyme responsible for converting glucose into glucose 6-phosphate.
How many ATP molecules are used in the initial steps of glycolysis, and what are these steps?
-Two ATP molecules are used in the initial steps of glycolysis: one for converting glucose to glucose 6-phosphate and another for converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
What is the significance of the investment phase in glycolysis?
-The investment phase, which includes steps 1 to 5, is significant because it is where ATP is consumed to set up the conditions for the later production of energy in the form of ATP and NADH.
What is the role of aldolase in the fourth step of glycolysis?
-Aldolase is the enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon sugars: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
How is the conversion between DHAP and G3P significant in glycolysis?
-The conversion between DHAP and G3P is significant because it ensures that both three-carbon sugars can enter the next steps of glycolysis, leading to the production of ATP and NADH.
What is the purpose of the 'pay-off' phase in glycolysis?
-The 'pay-off' phase, which occurs from step 6 to step 10, is the stage where the energy investment made in the initial steps is recovered, resulting in the net production of ATP and NADH.
How many NADH molecules are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
-During glycolysis, two NADH molecules are produced per molecule of glucose.
What is the final product of glycolysis and how many ATP molecules are generated from it?
-The final product of glycolysis is two molecules of pyruvate, and from this process, a net gain of 2 ATP molecules is achieved.
What is the collaboration mentioned in the script, and what is the promotion being offered?
-The script mentions a collaboration between 'Exakta Educato' and 'Sekolahmu'. They are offering a 50% discount on a learning program through a special code, and also promoting the 'Sekolahmu' app and website.
How can viewers benefit from the promotion mentioned in the script?
-Viewers can benefit by visiting the 'Sekolahmu' website, downloading the app, and using the provided code to get a 50% discount on the learning program.
Outlines
🔬 Glycolysis: The First Step in Cellular Respiration
This paragraph introduces the concept of glycolysis, the first step in cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose into pyruvate. The process involves 10 steps, with the first five steps being the 'investment phase' where 2 ATP molecules are used. The breakdown of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by hexokinase, and then into fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The subsequent steps involve isomerization, cleavage, and conversion of intermediates, leading to the formation of two pyruvate molecules, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP. The summary highlights the key enzymes and reactions involved in this metabolic pathway.
🌱 Energy Investment and Return in Glycolysis
The second paragraph discusses the energy dynamics of glycolysis, emphasizing the initial investment of two ATP molecules and the return of this investment in the form of four ATP molecules produced in the later stages. It explains that the initial steps convert glucose into various intermediates, which are then converted into pyruvate, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose molecule. The paragraph also mentions a collaboration with 'Sekolahmu' and provides information about a scholarship program, encouraging viewers to visit the website and download the app for a 50% discount using a provided code. It ends with a call to action for viewers to subscribe to the 'Sekolahmu Indonesia' channel and follow its social media accounts.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Glycolysis
💡Glucose
💡ATP
💡NADH
💡Glucose 6-phosphate
💡Fructose 6-phosphate
💡Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
💡Aldolase
💡Triose phosphate isomerase
💡Pyruvate
💡Investment phase
💡Pay-off phase
Highlights
Introduction to the concept of glycolysis as the first stage in the respiration process.
Glycolysis is described as 'sugar selection' in English, which means the breakdown of glucose in Indonesian.
Glucose with 6 carbons is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing 2 NADH and 2 ATP.
Glycolysis consists of 10 stages, starting with glucose being converted into glucose 6-phosphate.
Enzyme hexokinase plays a role in transferring a phosphate group from ATP to glucose.
Conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase.
Fructose 6-phosphate is transformed into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase.
Aldolase enzyme breaks fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon sugars.
Reaction between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) does not reach equilibrium.
Investment phase of glycolysis where ATP is consumed in the first five steps.
Conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by triose phosphate dehydrogenase.
Formation of two NADH2 molecules and the role of substrate in the production of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase.
2-Phosphoglycerate is transformed into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by enolase.
Final step of glycolysis where pyruvate is formed, generating two molecules of ATP from ADP.
Overall, glycolysis is divided into two phases: energy investment and energy generation.
Net result of glycolysis per one molecule of glucose is 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH.
Collaboration between Exacto Educato and Sekolahmu, with a special offer for viewers.
Invitation to visit Sekolahmu's website, download their app, and use a special code for a 50% discount.
Encouragement to subscribe to Sekolahmu Indonesia's channel and follow their social media accounts.
Transcripts
KYT
Hai pada video kali ini kita akan
membahas tentang konsep yang merupakan
Tahapan pertama dalam proses respirasi
dalam bahasa Inggris glikolisis memiliki
artis sugar sleting yang kalau dalam
bahasa Indonesia artinya adalah
pemecahan glukosa glikolisis terjadinya
pada tahap ini Glukosa yang merupakan
gula dengan karbon 6 akan dipecah
menjadi struktur gula yang lain sehingga
menghasilkan dua molekul piruvat 2 NADH
2 ATP Bagaimanakah prosesnya konsentrasi
ya karena Panjang terdapat 10 tahapan
proses yang terjadi pada glikolisis
tahap pertama glukosa akan diubah
menjadi glukosa 6-fosfat Pada tahapan
ini enzim yang berperan adalah
Ndah heksokinase akan mentransfer gugus
fosfat dari ATP glukosa sehingga menjadi
glukosa 6-fosfat disinilah ATP pertama
kali digunakan selanjutnya pada tahap
kedua glukosa 6-fosfat akan diubah
menjadi fruktosa 6-fosfat pada tahap ini
glukosa 6-fosfat dikonversi menjadi
fruktosa 6-fosfat oleh enzim
fosfoglukomutase isomerase sangat ketiga
fruktosa 6-fosfat diubah menjadi
fruktosa 1,6 enzim yang berperan adalah
fosfofruktokinase fosfofruktokinase ini
akan mentransfer gugus fosfat dari ATP
inilah tahap penggunaan ATP yang kedua
Hai selanjutnya tahap yang keempat enzim
aldolase memecah molekul fruktosa 1,6
difosfat menjadi dua buah gula yang
memiliki tiga karbon yang berbeda yaitu
menjadi dihidroksiaseton fosfat atau
dehab dan gliseraldehid 3-fosfat atau
pada tahap yang kelimanya yaitu terjadi
konversi antara dehab dan g3pe ini
dimana reaksi ini tidak pernah mencapai
titik keseimbangan g3pe inilah yang akan
digunakan pada langkah berikutnya Nah
dari tahap 1 sampai tahap 5 inilah
dikenal sebagai investment fase karena
pada tahap inilah ATP digunakan sebanyak
dua buah selanjutnya tahap yang keenam
j3p akan diubah menjadi satu koma
Mbak difosfogliserat sebanyak dua buah
pada tahap ini enzim yang berperan yaitu
triose posfat dehidrogenase pada tahap
ini terjadi dua reaksi yaitu satu dia 3P
dioksidasi melalui transfer elektron
ke-n adplus sehingga membentuk dua buah
nadh2 dengan menggunakan energi dari
reaksi ini akan terikat pada substrat
sehingga ikut berperan dalam pembentukan
1,3 fosfor serat selanjutnya pada 1,3
difosfogliserat akan diubah menjadi
3-fosfogliserat pada tahap ini dua akan
ditransfer kedua sehingga menghasilkan
enzim yang berperan pada tahap ini
adalah fosfogliseromutase
Hai tahap yang ke-83 phospogliserat akan
diubah menjadi dua phospogliserat dengan
bantuan enzim fosfogliserat mutase tahap
yang ke-92 phospogliserat akan diubah
menjadi fosfoenolpiruvat atau PT dengan
enzim endonuklease pada tahap ini
dihasilkan dua molekul H2O tahap yang
terakhir yaitu PP akan diubah menjadi
dua piruvat dengan enzim piruvat kinase
pada tahap ini terjadi pembentukan ATP
sebanyak dua buah yang berasal dari ADB
jika kita perhatikan dari tahap 6 sampai
dengan tahap kesepuluh terjadi
pembentukan ATP sebanyak empat buah
sehingga pada tahap dulu dikenal sebagai
pay-off fase atau fase menghasilkan
energi berdasarkan keseluruhan tahapan
reaksi glikolisis
tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan secara
umum glikolisis terbagi ke dalam dua
fase yaitu fase memakai energi atau
energi investment fase-fase menghasilkan
energi atau pop ini merupakan tahapan
dimana ATP digunakan ATP yang digunakan
sebanyak dua buah yaitu pada tahap
pertama ketika glukosa diubah menjadi
glukosa 6-fosfat dan tahap yang kedua
terjadi pada proposal nah posfat menjadi
fruktosa 1,6 difosfat tapi investasi ini
akan dilunasi dengan bunga pada tahap
energi people karena pada p4se
dihasilkan ATP dan 2 nadh2 sehingga
hasil bersih yang dihasilkan dalam
proses glikolisis per satu molekul
glukosa adalah
Hai 2 molekul fadh2 ATP dan 2 nadh2
itulah materi mengenai glikolisis gimana
mudahkan Terima kasih sudah menonton
video kolaborasi eksakta educato dan
sekolahmu Ayo kunjungi website sekolahmu
dan download aplikasinya khusus bagi
kamu yang udah nonton video ini ada
beasiswa program belajar dari sekolahmu
gunakan kode kamu banget untuk
mendapatkan diskon 50% jangan lupa juga
subscribe channel sekolahmu Indonesia
dan follow akun media sosial lainnya ya
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