IV Therapy, IV Insertion & Cautions Nursing | Intravenous Insertion DEMO

SimpleNursing

30 Nov 202203:48

Summary

TLDRThis video script discusses Intravenous (IV) Therapy, highlighting its rapid absorption and consistent therapeutic levels as advantages, while cautioning against the risks of fluid overload and infection. It differentiates between short-term and long-term IV access, detailing the use of peripheral veins for short-term and central lines for extended treatments. Special attention is given to the high infection risk associated with central lines. The script also advises against using certain locations for peripheral IVs, such as areas with nerves or valves, in paralyzed arms, or in patients with a history of mastectomy or dialysis. It concludes with a reminder that IV infusions are medications requiring a healthcare provider's prescription.

Takeaways

🚀 IV Therapy is administered through peripheral veins for the fastest route of medication delivery into the body.
🔁 Advantages of IV include quick absorption, consistent therapeutic blood levels, and less damage compared to other routes like subcutaneous, intramuscular, rectal, or oral administration.
⚠ Disadvantages include risks of fluid volume overload, infection, infiltration, and other issues related to IV administration.
🏥 Types of IV access are divided into short-term (e.g., in a hospital setting for days or weeks) and long-term for extended drug therapy.
🌡 Short-term IVs are given through peripheral veins, such as AC or anticubital near the elbow, or in scalp veins for newborns.
🏥 Long-term IVs include Central lines like CVCs (Central Venous Catheters) placed below the collar bone and PICC lines (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters) inserted into the upper arm vein.
🛡 High risk of infection is associated with Central lines, which is a significant concern.
❌ Avoid inserting short-term peripheral IVs in certain locations: anterior olecranon vein, near valves, in paralyzed arms, post-mastectomy arms, and areas with fistulas or grafts, as well as varicose veins and scar tissue.
💊 IV infusions are not just for fluids but also for medications that require a doctor's or healthcare provider's prescription, specifying type, volume, and rate.
📅 The video script also mentions a pop-tested topic regarding when to change IVs, although the specifics are not included in the provided transcript.
📚 Additional resources for nursing students are available beyond YouTube, with over 900 videos and study guides on simplenursing.com.

Q & A

What is the fastest route to administer medication into the body?
-The fastest route to administer medication into the body is through Intravenous (IV) Therapy, which is administered through peripheral veins.
What are the advantages of IV Therapy?
-The advantages of IV Therapy include quick absorption, maintaining a consistent therapeutic level in the blood, and causing less damage compared to other routes such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, per rectum, or oral administration.
What are the potential disadvantages of IV Therapy?
-Disadvantages of IV Therapy include the risk of fluid volume overload if fluids are given too fast, infection, infiltration, and other complications associated with IV Administration.
What are the two types of IV access mentioned in the script?
-The two types of IV access mentioned are short-term and long-term. Short-term access is typically given through regular IVs in peripheral veins, while long-term access includes central lines for extended drug therapy.
What is an example of a short-term IV location?
-Examples of short-term IV locations include the antecubital fossa near the elbow, the hand, foot, or scalp in newborns, as the head is very vascular.
What are examples of long-term IV access methods?
-Examples of long-term IV access methods are Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC lines), which are used for long-term drug therapy such as IV antibiotics or chemotherapy.
Where is a Central Venous Catheter (CVC) typically placed?
-A Central Venous Catheter (CVC) is typically placed right below the collar bone, with the catheter going directly into the top of the right atrium.
What is a major problem associated with all Central lines?
-The major problem associated with all Central lines is the high risk of infection.
Which locations should be avoided when administering short-term peripheral IVs?
-Locations to avoid when administering short-term peripheral IVs include the anterior olecranon vein, areas near valves, paralyzed arms, arms with a history of mastectomy, and areas with fistulas or grafts used in dialysis patients.
Why should varicose veins and scar tissue areas be avoided for IV insertion?
-Varicose veins and scar tissue areas should be avoided for IV insertion due to the potential for complications and difficulty in maintaining the IV line.
What is a common misconception about IV infusions among students?
-A common misconception is that IV infusions are just water or normal saline, but in reality, they are medications that require a doctor's or healthcare provider's prescription, including the type, volume, and rate of administration.
When should IVs be changed according to the script?
-The script does not provide specific guidelines on when to change IVs, but it implies that there are tested topics and standards regarding this, which should be followed.

Outlines

00:00

💉 Introduction to IV Therapy

IV therapy involves administering medication through peripheral veins, making it the fastest route to deliver drugs into the body. It offers quick absorption, consistent therapeutic levels in the blood, and less damage compared to other routes such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, rectal, or oral administration. However, it also poses risks like fluid volume overload, infection, infiltration, and other complications.

📅 Types of IV Access: Short-Term and Long-Term

Short-term IV access is typically used in hospital settings for a few days to weeks and involves peripheral veins, such as those in the antecubital area, hand, foot, or scalp (in newborns). Long-term IV access, including central lines like CVCs and PICC lines, is used for extended drug therapy such as chemotherapy or total parenteral nutrition. Central lines have a higher infection risk due to their direct access to major veins near the heart.

🚫 Locations to Avoid for Peripheral IVs

When inserting peripheral IVs, avoid the anterior olecranon vein, areas near valves, paralyzed arms, arms with a mastectomy, and limbs with fistulas or grafts for dialysis. Also, avoid varicose veins and scar tissue areas to prevent complications.

💊 Important Considerations for IV Medications

IV infusions are considered medications that require a doctor or healthcare provider's prescription, specifying the type, volume, and rate of administration. This emphasizes the importance of understanding that IV infusions are not just fluids but medications that need precise management.

📝 Conclusion and Additional Resources

The video concludes with a reminder to change IVs regularly, take quizzes, download study guides, and share the information with classmates and instructors. Additionally, viewers are encouraged to visit simplenursing.com for access to over 900 nursing videos not available on YouTube.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡IV Therapy

IV Therapy, also known as intravenous therapy, refers to the administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the bloodstream through a vein. In the context of the video, it is emphasized as the fastest route for delivering medication into the body. The script discusses both the advantages, such as quick absorption and maintaining consistent therapeutic levels, and the disadvantages, including the risk of fluid volume overload and infection.

💡Absorption

Absorption in the video script refers to the process by which substances are taken up by the body, particularly in the context of IV therapy. It is highlighted as being very quick with IV administration, ensuring that the medication reaches the bloodstream rapidly and maintains a consistent level. This is crucial for effective treatment, as it ensures that the therapeutic effect of the medication is maintained.

💡Fluid Volume Overload

Fluid volume overload is a potential complication of IV therapy, where too much fluid is administered too quickly, leading to an excess of fluid in the body. This can cause various health issues, such as edema or even organ failure. The script warns about this risk, emphasizing the importance of careful monitoring and regulation of fluid administration rates.

💡Infection

Infection is a significant risk associated with IV therapy, particularly with central lines. The script mentions that central lines, such as CVCs and PICC lines, have a high risk of infection due to their direct access to the bloodstream. This underscores the need for strict aseptic techniques and careful management of IV lines to minimize the risk of infection.

💡Short-term IV Access

Short-term IV access refers to the temporary use of IV lines for administering medications or fluids, typically in a hospital setting for a few days or weeks. The script provides examples of short-term IVs, such as those placed in the AC (antecubital) area near the elbow, hand, or foot. This type of access is generally used for patients who require temporary treatment.

💡Long-term IV Access

Long-term IV access is used for patients who need ongoing treatment, such as those receiving chemotherapy or long-term antibiotics. The script mentions central lines like CVCs and PICC lines as examples of long-term IV access. These lines are typically inserted for more extended periods and are used for administering medications that require direct access to the bloodstream.

💡CVC (Central Venous Catheter)

A CVC, or central venous catheter, is a type of long-term IV access that is inserted below the collarbone and extends into the top of the right atrium of the heart. The script describes CVCs as a method for long-term drug therapy, highlighting their direct access to the bloodstream, which is crucial for administering medications like chemotherapy.

💡PICC Line

A PICC line, or peripherally inserted central catheter, is another form of long-term IV access. The script explains that it is inserted into the vein of the upper arm and threaded into the superior vena cava, a large vein near the heart. PICC lines are used for long-term treatments, such as chemotherapy, and require careful management to prevent complications like infection.

💡Anterior Cubital Vein

The anterior cubital vein is a specific location in the arm that is mentioned in the script as a location to avoid for short-term peripheral IVs. This is due to the presence of many nerves in the area, which can complicate the insertion and increase the risk of nerve damage. The script advises against using this location for IV access.

💡Paralyzed Arm

The script specifically warns against placing a peripheral IV in a paralyzed arm. This is because the lack of circulation and potential for nerve damage in paralyzed limbs can complicate the administration of IV therapy. The caution is part of the broader discussion on avoiding certain locations for IV access to minimize risks.

💡Fistula or Grafts

Fistula or grafts are mentioned in the script as locations to avoid for IV insertion, particularly in patients on dialysis or with end-stage renal failure. These structures are crucial for dialysis access and placing an IV in these areas could disrupt the dialysis process or cause complications. The script emphasizes the importance of recognizing and avoiding these areas during IV therapy.

💡Varicose Veins and Scar Tissue

Varicose veins and scar tissue are areas that should be avoided for IV insertion, according to the script. These areas can pose challenges for proper IV placement and increase the risk of complications. The script advises against using these locations to ensure the safety and effectiveness of IV therapy.

Highlights

IV Therapy is the fastest route for medication administration through peripheral veins.

Advantages of IV Therapy include quick absorption and maintaining consistent therapeutic levels in the blood.

Disadvantages include fluid volume overload, infection, infiltration, and other IV administration problems.

Types of IV access are categorized into short-term and long-term.

Short-term IVs are given through regular IVs in peripheral veins, typically in a hospital setting.

Long-term IVs are used for extended drug therapy, such as IV antibiotics or chemotherapy.

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are used for long-term IV therapy and are placed below the collar bone.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) lines are inserted into the upper arm vein and guided to the superior vena cava.

Central lines carry a high risk for infection.

Avoid placing short-term peripheral IVs in certain locations to prevent complications.

Locations to avoid for peripheral IVs include the anterior olecranon vein, near valves, and in paralyzed arms.

Do not use arms with a history of mastectomy or fistula/grafts for IV insertion.

Varicose veins and scar tissue areas are not suitable for IV insertion.

IV infusions are medications that require a doctor's or healthcare provider's order.

Only 20% of educational content is available on YouTube, with over 900 videos on simplenursing.com.

When to change IVs is a tested topic in nursing education.

Encouragement to take quizzes, download study guides, and share educational content with peers and instructors.