Terapi Gen (Red Bioteknologi)

Summary

In this informative presentation, Muhammad Nur Fauziah, a biology student from Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, explains the applications of biotechnology, specifically focusing on gene therapy. He outlines the basics of gene therapy, its mechanisms, and how it can treat both inherited and non-inherited diseases. The presentation covers the two main methods of gene therapy—ex vivo and in vivo—highlighting how each process works, including the use of modified viruses to deliver therapeutic genes. Additionally, he discusses the potential risks, such as immune system reactions and infection. The talk concludes with a reminder of the importance of maintaining health amidst the ongoing pandemic.

Takeaways

• 😀 Introduction: The speaker introduces themselves as Muhammad Nur Fauziah, a student from the Faculty of Education, Biology, at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi.
• 😀 Gene therapy is introduced as a crucial biotechnology application that focuses on correcting mutated or defective genes responsible for diseases.
• 😀 The script explains that biotechnology has four major applications: red biotechnology (health), green biotechnology (agriculture), white biotechnology (industry), and blue biotechnology (marine).
• 😀 Red biotechnology, specifically gene therapy, is discussed in detail, emphasizing its role in treating genetic disorders.
• 😀 Gene therapy can be used to treat both inherited and non-inherited diseases, offering a new avenue for curing such conditions.
• 😀 The mechanism of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene into a patient's genome to replace or repair defective genes causing disease.
• 😀 The process of gene therapy is explained through three methods: inserting normal genes, swapping abnormal genes with recombinant homologs, and repairing defective genes through mutation reverse selective processes.
• 😀 There are two types of gene therapy: ex vivo (where cells are taken out, modified, and then returned to the body) and in vivo (where genes are directly delivered to the patient's body).
• 😀 In vivo gene therapy typically involves modifying a virus to carry the therapeutic gene and inject it into the patient to target the relevant organ or tissue.
• 😀 Ex vivo gene therapy involves more complex procedures, including extracting cells, modifying them in the lab, and reintroducing them into the patient's body.
• 😀 The risks of gene therapy include immune system overreaction, potential infection due to viral vectors, and the possibility of the therapy targeting the wrong cells.

Q & A

What is gene therapy?

Gene therapy is a medical technique used to treat or prevent diseases by repairing or replacing defective genes responsible for causing a disease. It aims to correct genetic abnormalities to prevent or cure certain conditions.

What are the four main applications of biotechnology discussed in the script?

The four main applications of biotechnology mentioned are red biotechnology (healthcare), green biotechnology (agriculture), white biotechnology (industrial processes), and blue biotechnology (marine and aquatic environments).

What are the three main stages of gene therapy?

The three main stages of gene therapy are: 1) Insertion of a normal gene into a non-specific location in the genome, 2) Substitution of an abnormal gene with a homologous recombinant gene, and 3) Repairing an abnormal gene using selective mutase reversal.

How does gene therapy work at a cellular level?

Gene therapy typically involves using a virus to deliver therapeutic genes to cells in the body. Once the virus enters the cell, the abnormal gene is replaced with a healthy one, leading to the production of normal proteins and helping to repair genetic defects.

What are the two main methods of gene therapy mentioned in the script?

The two main methods of gene therapy discussed are ex vivo and in vivo. Ex vivo involves modifying cells outside the body and then reintroducing them, while in vivo involves directly introducing therapeutic genes into the body using modified viruses.

What is the difference between ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy?

In ex vivo gene therapy, cells are taken from the patient, modified outside the body, and then returned. In contrast, in vivo therapy directly delivers genes into the body, typically via viruses or other carriers, without removing cells from the patient.

What are some risks associated with gene therapy?

Gene therapy carries certain risks, such as an overreaction of the immune system, potential infections caused by the viruses used, and the possibility of the therapy working on the wrong cells, which could lead to unintended consequences.

What role do viruses play in gene therapy?

Viruses are used as vectors in gene therapy to carry and deliver therapeutic genes into the patient's cells. These viruses are modified to remove harmful components and carry the beneficial genes instead.

Why is ex vivo gene therapy more complex than in vivo therapy?

Ex vivo therapy is more complex because it requires the cultivation and manipulation of cells in a lab environment before reintroducing them into the patient. This process requires specialized laboratory equipment and conditions.

What is the significance of recombinant DNA technology in gene therapy?

Recombinant DNA technology is crucial in gene therapy as it allows for the insertion of therapeutic genes into viral vectors. This technology ensures the genetic material is properly modified and can be used effectively to treat diseases.