IoT: Beyond the Smart Gadgets | Gina Martinez | TEDxLewisUniversity
Summary
TLDRこのビデオスクリプトは、IoT(モノのインターネット)が未来の都市生活にどのように影響を与えるかを想像しています。自動運転車、再生可能エネルギーの使用、およびスマートシティの技術が、効率性と持続可能性を高める方法を示しています。しかし、技術の進歩がもたらすポジティブな可能性と、人類が技術によって制御される暗い未来の両面についても議論しています。IoTの能力を最大限に活用するためには、ハードウェアとソフトウェアの両方の進歩が必要です。
Takeaways
- 🚗 未来物联网(IoT)技术可以使城市交通更加高效,例如自动驾驶汽车能够避免交通事故并优化路线。
- 🌞 未来城市将利用可再生能源,如太阳能、风能,甚至从道路和人行道的压力传感器中获取能量。
- 🚑 在紧急情况下,如火灾或医疗紧急情况,IoT技术可以优先处理急救人员的路径,自动清除障碍物。
- 🏠 家庭传感器和监测设备可以预测健康危机,甚至在火灾发生前自动触发灭火措施。
- 🌐 IoT的核心是将设备和物品连接到互联网,收集信息并基于这些信息做出决策,以提高效率。
- 🎬 科幻电影中展示了两种不同的未来:高度发达的技术乌托邦和被技术控制或毁灭的人类社会。
- 🤖 人们担心IoT技术会使人类变得无思想,被技术引导,失去了人类的本质。
- 🏡 智能家居可以节省能源,但当多个智能家居连接时,可以创建可持续的社区,优化能源使用。
- 🛠️ IoT技术的发展不仅仅是连接设备,更重要的是使设备以更高效的方式运行和做出决策。
- 🤔 IoT技术的未来应用是未知的,但正是这种未知性使其成为一个有前景的技术。
- 🛠️ 为了实现可编程世界,我们需要构建硬件和软件,并通过明确定义的指令集进行交互。
- 🏭 物联网技术的发展推动了自动化在许多行业的应用,如制造业、运输业、零售业和包裹递送。
- 🔒 安全和隐私问题是需要从一开始就集成到IoT技术发展过程中的,以避免潜在的漏洞和风险。
Q & A
ニューヨークを想像して、交通信号や車がなく、全ての車が自己運転でどの目的地にも最適な経路を計算して行く未来はどうですか?
-そのような未来では、車は衝突を避け、効率的に目的地に到達することができる。交通信号は不要で、全ての経路は必要に応じて計算されるため、移動はより迅速に行われます。
スマートシティでは、エネルギーはどのように収集されると予想されますか?
-スマートシティでは、太陽、風、道路や歩道からの圧力、音や振動など、再生可能エネルギーからエネルギーを収集し、それを知能的に分配して消費をバランスさせます。
IoTが医療や消防などの緊急対応にどのように役立つと予想されますか?
-IoTは、医療や消防の緊急対応を最優先的に扱い、障害物を自動的に移動させて患者や被害者、医療施設、消防署に迅速に到達できるようにします。
IoTが持続可能な都市にどのように貢献する可能性があるでしょうか?
-IoTは、太陽光や風などの再生可能エネルギーを効率的に利用し、余剰なエネルギーを陰影下にある家にリダイレクトすることで、持続可能なコミュニティを創造的に構築することができます。
IoTが私たちの生活をどのように最適化する能力を持っていると説明されていますか?
-IoTは、デバイスだけでなく、情報収集に基づく意思決定を通じて、より効率的な世界を実現させる能力を持ちます。これにより、個々のガジェットではなく、IoTの集積能力を通じて創造されるサービスが重要になります。
IoTのセキュリティとプライバシーの懸念にはどのようなリスクがあると説明されていますか?
-IoTデバイスは脆弱性があり、セキュリティとプライバシーのリスクにさらされる可能性があります。例えば、2016年にMiraiマルウェアがインターネット接続カメラとDVRを通じて大規模なサービス妨害攻撃を引き起こしました。
IoT技術の進歩は、特定の産業にどのように影響を与えていますか?
-COVID-19パンデミックの影響で、製造業、輸送業、小売業、荷物配送業などの産業で自動化の適応が加速しました。これらの産業は、パンデミック前には既に技術の基礎を築いていたため、予期しない需要に対応するサービスを創造的に拡張できました。
IoTデバイスが持つべき基本的な機能は何ですか?
-IoTデバイスは、識別、センシング、通信、計算、そして実行の機能を持っているべきです。これにより、デバイスは物理的な環境とデジタル世界を効果的に相互作用させることができます。
IoTの「インストラクションセット」とは何を意味するのでしょうか?
-IoTの「インストラクションセット」とは、デバイスが持つ機能を表す基本的なアクションのセットであり、これにより将来のアプリケーションを作成することができます。
IoT技術が持続可能なコミュニティをどのように構築する可能性があるでしょうか?
-IoT技術は、太陽光や風などの再生可能エネルギーを効率的に利用し、余剰なエネルギーを必要に応じてリダイレクトすることで、持続可能なコミュニティを構築することができます。
IoTが未来の生活にどのような可能性をもたらすと予想されますか?
-IoTは、未来の生活に多様な可能性をもたらすと予想されており、これは私たちがまだ想像していなかったアプリケーションを作成する機会を提供します。例えば、ストレスを軽減するプログラムや、リアルタイムで生産と消費をバランスさせる工場のプログラムなどがあります。
Outlines
🚗 自動運転車の未来都市
第1段落では、交通信号や車が自ら進む未来のニューヨークシティを想像しています。自走車の普及により、交通渋滞が解消され、車は最適な経路を計算して目的地に迅速に到着します。ガソリンスタンドはなく、太陽光や風力などの再生可能エネルギーからエネルギーが収集され、道路からの圧力や音や振動からエネルギーを効率的に収集・配分しています。また、緊急時には救急車や消防車が優先的に通過し、医療や火災の早期発見・対応が可能です。IoT(モノのインターネット)の未来像を示しており、デバイスだけでなく物もインターネットに接続して情報を収集し、より効率的な世界を実現するアイデアです。
🤖 IoTの技術進歩と未知の可能性
第2段落では、IoTの技術進歩とそれがもたらす未知の可能性について語られています。コンピュータのアプリケーションがどのように基本的な命令セットから構築されるかを例に、IoTデバイスが新しい命令を追加し、将来のアプリケーションを創出できるようにしていると説明しています。ハードウェアとソフトウェアが指令セットを通じて協調し、物事を最適化するプログラムを作成することができると強調しています。IoTの技術の進歩は、小さな Waterproof エネルギー効率の高いコンポーネントの開発に寄与し、デジタルと物理世界の間の相互作用を可能にしています。
🛠️ IoTのセキュリティと未知の課題
第3段落では、IoT技術のセキュリティと未知の課題について触れています。IoTデバイスの脆弱性と、それらが悪用される可能性について警告し、過去のハッキング事例を紹介しています。しかしながら、セキュリティとプライバシーの保護は開発プロセスに組み込むべきであり、未知のニーズに対処するプログラムの創造性についても語られています。IoTの基礎となる技術は、リアルタイムでの需要と供給のバランスを取るなど、予期しない危機に対処する上で役立ちます。
🛒 IoTの多様性と実用性
第4段落では、IoTの多様性と実用性について話されています。スマート歯ブラシなど、実用的でないかもしれないデバイスにも、IoT技術の基本的な機能が備わっていることを指摘しています。これらのデバイスは、特定のニーズに応じてプログラム可能で、未知のニーズに対処する新しいアプリケーションの創造に寄与する可能性があると強調しています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡自動運転車
💡IoT(インターネット・オブ・シングズ)
💡持続可能性
💡ファースト・レスポンダー
💡ボディー・センサー
💡スマート・ホーム
💡デジタル世界と物理世界のインターフェース
💡ハードウェアとソフトウェア
💡インストラクション・セット
💡プログラマブル・ワールド
💡セキュリティとプライバシー
Highlights
想象一个没有交通灯的纽约市,所有汽车都是自动驾驶的,不需要在交通灯处停停走走,因为所有路线都已计算好,以避免碰撞并尽快到达目的地。
由于所有路线都已计算好,自动驾驶汽车可以高效地利用能源,不再需要加油站。
能源可以从可再生资源如太阳、风、道路和人行道上的压力传感器,甚至声音和振动中收集。
能源被智能地收集和分配,以平衡消费,实现真正的可持续城市。
在火灾或医疗紧急情况下,急救人员可以被优先考虑,障碍物会自动移开,以便他们能够到达病人和医疗设施。
通过身体传感器和监测设备,可以检测到健康危机是否即将发生,从而减少医疗紧急情况。
家庭火灾和传感器可以检测气体和热量,自动触发针对性的阻燃剂,防止火灾发生。
物联网(IoT)的愿景是通过连接设备和事物到互联网,收集信息并基于这些信息做出决策,使世界更高效。
物联网不仅仅是连接设备,还在于使这些设备以高效的方式运作并改善我们的生活。
智能家庭只能在家中节省能源,但一群智能家庭可以创建一个可持续的社区。
通过物联网,可以实现像Uber这样的共享服务,扩展到遛狗、家庭改进、杂货购物和手工服务等。
物联网的发展是一个基础设施的构建,通过它可以开发具有更大影响的应用程序。
物联网设备通过实施功能和基础设施,增加了我们的指令集,使我们能够创建我们尚未想到的应用程序。
物联网需要硬件和软件的协同工作,通过一个明确定义的指令集进行交互。
物联网设备需要具备识别、感知、通信、计算和执行的能力,以便实现或优化决策。
软件方面是使用这些硬件能力创建的应用程序和服务,这些是指令集的应用程序和功能。
在新冠疫情爆发时,自动化在许多行业的采用加速了,这些行业从之前已经建立的技术基础中受益。
物联网设备可能会带来安全和隐私方面的漏洞,但随着这些漏洞被发现,相应的修复措施也会被开发出来。
物联网程序可以创建,例如,如果商店的卫生纸供应不足,就增加卫生纸的生产并部署送货。
物联网的潜力只能通过连接更多的设备来实现,这些设备具备识别、感知、网络、计算和执行的能力。
Transcripts
[Music]
imagine new york city without traffic
lights
all the cars are self-driving there's no
need to stop and go at a traffic light
because all the routes have been
calculated and were calculated as needed
so that not only will they avoid
collisions
but they can also take us to our
destinations as fast as possible
there are no gas stations because energy
is harvested from
renewable resources such as the sun wind
pressure sensors from roads and
pavements
even from sounds and vibrations
energy is harvested and distributed
intelligently
to balance out consumption
a truly sustainable city of the future
if there is a fire or medical emergency
first responders can be prioritized
obstacles automatically moved out of
their way
so that they can reach patients victims
medical buildings
fire stations these can all save lives
but there might hardly be medical
emergencies
because body sensors and monitoring bias
sensors
can detect whether a health crisis is
about to occur
building fires home sensors can detect
gas and heat automatically triggering
very targeted fire retardants so that
they are extinguished before you even
notice
these are visions of the future that iot
can give us
the internet of things iot is the
idea of connecting not just devices but
also things
to the internet so that we may collect
information
about the world and make decisions based
on that information
to make the world more efficient we
actually hardly need to be creative to
imagine all of this there are plenty of
sci-fi movies for reference
in fact we typically get two very
different versions
of this future one of a highly advanced
technological utopia
and another a bleak picture of the human
race in society
controlled and or destroyed by
technology
many worry that with iot making all of
the decisions for us and everything
around us with a goal of optimizing
everything
humans will just become mindless
entities ushered along by technology
stripped of what makes us humans
in the movie wall e humans are just big
babies being carried around by their
hover chairs
everything done for them by robots
however either of these visions seem
very far off
when we see devices like these flip
flops that can play
ads for the company so instead of
avoiding telemarketers
we're actually going to wear them forks
that can mask slurping sounds
we have a couch that can tilt and
vibrate enhancing your movie experience
just like in those immersive cinemas
except that there's a noticeable delay
between the movie and the couch
so it's really just preventing you from
eating your popcorn in peace
and we have a trash can with a camera on
the lid
that takes pictures of the contents of
your trash bin
and uploads it to facebook for no reason
let's put aside for a moment
the question of whether these devices
needed to be invented
and focus on what it is about iot
is not just about connecting devices but
also in making decisions
so that these devices operate in
efficient ways
and improve our lives and the more of
these devices we connect and enable
the more optimized those decisions can
be for example
a smart home can only save energy within
the home
but a community of smart homes we can
create a sustainable community
excess harvested energy from a house
that gets a lot of sunlight can be
redirected to a house that is under a
shade
uber of everything could be implemented
a lot of us are fans of ride sharing
food and package delivery
grocery shopping how about extending
that to dog walking
home improvements errands handyman
services
the point is it's not the individual
gadgets
but the services that we can create
through the collective
iot capabilities and with each device
that we connect and enable
we have more and more ways for the
digital world to interact with the
physical world
so i invite you to think of this process
of developing iot capabilities
as building an infrastructure a
programming interface
through which we can develop
applications
that have much greater impact for the
future
and you'll probably ask what are those
applications
well honestly my answer is i don't know
and i believe it is okay to not know in
fact
it is because we don't fully know that
what
makes iot such a promising technology
now tell you why i think that
what are your favorite computer
applications microsoft word
excel facebook maybe you like to play
video games on your laptop or listen to
music on your tablet
whatever those applications are when the
software developers create them
they are decomposed or compiled into
the same or similar instructions that
are part
of the computer's instruction set
think of it this way a car can do many
things
it can take you to work to the store on
vacations
any route that you come up with can be
decomposed
or compiled to a series of basic actions
the car can do
move forward at a specified speed
turn right at a specified angle open the
passenger door
any route can be decomposed into these
basic set of actions you can think of it
as the car's instruction set
if you are in your desktop or laptop
right now there's a good chance
that any application that you're running
is composed of instructions
from what is called the x86 instruction
set
well guess what x86 was first introduced
in 1985.
the developers of x86 probably did not
know
that someday an application called zoom
is going to save
us from face-to-face meetings during a
pandemic
and internally it consists of
instructions from x86
so our iot devices are implementing
capabilities and
infrastructure adding instructions to
our instruction set
so that someday we can create sequences
and combinations of these instructions
to create applications
that we haven't even thought of yet in a
sense we are building
a programmable world
this programmable world like computers
have two major components hardware and
software
and they interoperate elegantly through
a well-defined instruction set
you can think of it as a contract where
the hardware says
these are the set of physical actions i
can do the software side of things
is the sequences repetitions
combinations of these instructions
to form a program it's not unlike how we
can create wonder stories
out of the words in our language's
vocabulary
we form sentences entire conversations
by creating combinations and sequences
of these words
this is just like how we can create
combinations
and sequences and repetitions of
instructions
in the computer's instruction set to
create a program in this analogy
the words are the instructions the
stories are the applications
to support this vision of creating a
programmable world
we need to build the hardware that means
adapting the enabling technologies of
iot
which includes identification sensing
communication
computation and actuation identification
is essential because in order to
interact with a device or an object
it needs to be identifiable and
distinguishable
from any other object even of the same
kind
sensing is necessary because that is how
we get information from
the object such as location
temperature humidity communication is
needed because we need to communicate
that information
for processing and any
decisions that are made out of the
processing needs to be communicated back
to the device and just like how we need
a brain
to receive information and make
decisions
we also need computation for iot so that
optimal decisions can be made
based on the data that we collect
actuation is akin to our ability of
changing the state of our physical
environment such as
moving items around or even walking to a
different location we need
iot devices that can administer physical
actions such as this
in order to implement or optimize
decisions
the software side of things in the
context of this instruction set analogy
are the applications and services that
we can create
using these hardware capabilities
so look beyond the toaster that can
print the weather
on your toast and see the identification
sensing networking computation
and actuation capabilities that have
been added to this heating device
a common question i ask when you know we
see this device is
do we really need that well in most
cases
my answer is no what i don't hear
is people asking what new capabilities
has this added to our instruction set
so i invite you to not focus on the
current application
but focus on two things one
the role the development of this device
has played in advancing technology
and two the ability instruction
or action it has added to our
instruction set
consider how the development of this
device has led us to create robust
waterproof energy efficient components
that have very small form factors
and also think of the additional way
that this device has provided us
to digitally interact with the physical
world
so let's not focus on the current
application
but also look beyond that see what it
could become
and see how it can contribute to our
vision
of a technological utopia when the covet
19 pandemic hit
this accelerated the adaption of
automation in many of our industries
including manufacturing transportation
retail parcel delivery
these industries benefited from the fact
that before the pandemic
we already had foundations for these
technologies in place
when an unforeseen crisis arose we had
the foundations
to expand and create services to respond
to unanticipated demands
i'm not saying that we should just
welcome useless
intrusive devices into our homes or
cities or hospitals
we have every right to be apprehensive
these devices can become ripe with
vulnerabilities
riddled with avenues for exploiting
security and privacy
in 2016 large portions of the internet
went down
netflix twitter cnn because of denial of
service attacks
due to this malware called the mirai
which started in internet-enabled
digital cameras and dvrs
in 2017 the fda confirmed
the implantable cardiac devices can be
hacked such as pacemakers
malicious actions done to them
such as depleting batteries and
administering incorrect
pacings we periodically hear in the news
about our video systems being hacked
baby monitors home security systems
webcams
however as these vulnerabilities are
discovered
their fixes are developed i believe this
is part
of the development process and no doubt
security and privacy needs to be
integrated to this process from the
start
consider an iot program that we may
create for a factory
if toilet paper supply at store x is low
increase toilet paper production
deploy delivery to x here we can assume
that the factory can just use an
instruction to check
the supply level of toilet paper at a
store
there's also another instruction to
increase the priority level of
production
and then there's a separate instruction
to deploy delivery
to some store in the store
employees do not need to count toilet
paper because
each one is located and identified
and yes if we added wi-fi to toilet
paper we'll probably ask
do we really need that however in this
example
toilet paper crisis is avoided because
production
and consumption is balanced out in real
time
here's another program if low-level
serotonin
play let it go in flip-flops print your
wonderful
in toast remember that the nice thing
about this
is not that my breakfast will cheer me
up when i'm down
but that we can easily create such a
program
once the infrastructure is in place
just as easily i can have the hot tub
turn on while i'm coming home and body
sensors detect that my pulse and
respiratory signals
indicate that i'm stressed and fatigued
even more exciting is what we don't know
someone creative could come along and
create a program
that will address all of our stress
factors
if and when a new need arises
such as the needs that came up when the
covet 19 pandemic hit
we have the capability of creating a
program
that will address those it remains to be
seen which
iot services and devices of the future
will be deemed
necessary and useful and which ones will
be deemed
silly and useless and even harmful
however what we do know is the full
potential of iot
can only be realized the more devices we
have
they have the capabilities of
identification
sensing networking computation and
actuation
and even though yes you probably don't
need that smart tooth brush
when i look at it i think well that
toothbrush
certainly has more of those capabilities
than an old-fashioned one
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