2-Minute Neuroscience: Early Neural development
Summary
TLDRThis video script offers a concise overview of early neural development, starting from the formation of the neural plate in the third week of embryonic development to the emergence of the brain's primary and secondary vesicles. It details the fusion into the neural tube, which develops into the brain and spinal cord, and the subsequent growth and subdivision into distinct brain regions by the 11th week, highlighting the remarkable journey of the brain's structural formation before birth.
Takeaways
- 🕒 The development of the nervous system starts at the third week of embryonic development.
- 🌱 The ectoderm thickens to form the neural plate, which folds inward to create the neural groove.
- 🤝 The neural folds come together and fuse by the end of the third week, forming the neural tube by the fourth week.
- 🧠 The neural tube will develop into the brain and spinal cord.
- 📍 During the fourth week, the neural tube bulges form the primary vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.
- 🧠 The prosencephalon will develop into the cerebrum, the mesencephalon into the midbrain, and the rhombencephalon into the brainstem and cerebellum.
- 🔍 The prosencephalon further divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon, with the telencephalon becoming the cerebral hemispheres.
- 🧠 The diencephalon will include structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus.
- 🌐 The rhombencephalon divides into the metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla).
- 📈 The telencephalon grows rapidly, and by 11 weeks, the brain's shape is similar to that at birth.
- 👶 Although the brain continues to develop post-birth, its structure at birth is fundamentally complete.
Q & A
What is the '2 minute neuroscience' series about?
-The '2 minute neuroscience' series is about providing simple explanations of neuroscience topics within a short duration of 2 minutes or less.
When does the development of the nervous system begin?
-The development of the nervous system begins around the third week of embryonic development.
What is the initial formation of the nervous system called?
-The initial formation of the nervous system is called the neural plate, which is an area of the ectoderm that thickens.
What is the groove formed by the folding inward of the neural plate?
-The groove formed by the folding inward of the neural plate is called the neural groove.
What happens to the neural groove by the end of the third week of embryonic development?
-By the end of the third week, the sides of the neural groove, known as neural folds, begin to come together and start to fuse.
When are the neural folds completely fused together?
-The neural folds are completely fused together by the end of the fourth week to form the neural tube.
What will the neural tube eventually become?
-The neural tube will eventually become the brain and spinal cord.
What are the three primary vesicles that appear during the fourth week of neural tube development?
-The three primary vesicles are the prosencephalon, which forms the cerebrum; the mesencephalon, which becomes the midbrain; and the rhombencephalon, which develops into the rest of the brainstem and cerebellum.
How does the prosencephalon further subdivide during brain development?
-The prosencephalon subdivides into the telencephalon and diencephalon, with the telencephalon becoming the cerebral hemispheres and the diencephalon consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other structures.
What parts of the brain does the rhombencephalon subdivide into?
-The rhombencephalon subdivides into the metencephalon, which becomes the pons and cerebellum, and the myelencephalon, which becomes the medulla.
At what stage does the brain start to resemble its shape at birth?
-The brain starts to resemble its shape at birth by 11 weeks of development, with the telencephalon growing more rapidly than other parts of the neural tube.
Outlines
🧠 Early Neural Development Overview
This paragraph introduces the topic of early neural development, explaining the process from the formation of the neural plate in the third week of embryonic development to the complete fusion into the neural tube by the fourth week. It details the formation of the neural groove, the neural folds, and the eventual formation of the primary vesicles, which are the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, outlining their future roles in forming the brain and spinal cord.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Nervous System
💡Ectoderm
💡Neural Plate
💡Neural Groove
💡Neural Folds
💡Neural Tube
💡Primary Vesicles
💡Prosencephalon
💡Mesencephalon
💡Rhombencephalon
💡Secondary Vesicles
💡Telencephalon
💡Diencephalon
💡Metencephalon
💡Myelencephalon
Highlights
The development of the nervous system begins at the third week of embryonic development.
An area of the ectoderm thickens to form the neural plate.
The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove.
Neural folds begin to come together by the end of the third week.
The neural folds completely fuse to form the neural tube by the end of the fourth week.
The neural tube will eventually become the brain and spinal cord.
During the fourth week, three primary vesicles appear in the neural tube.
The prosencephalon will form the cerebrum.
The mesencephalon will become the midbrain.
The rhombencephalon will become the brainstem and cerebellum.
The end of the neural tube will form the spinal cord.
The prosencephalon subdivides into the telencephalon and diencephalon.
The telencephalon will become the cerebral hemispheres.
The diencephalon will consist of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other structures.
The mesencephalon does not subdivide further and will become the midbrain.
The rhombencephalon subdivides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon.
The metencephalon will become the pons and cerebellum.
The myelencephalon will become the medulla.
The neural tube continues to develop to resemble the brain.
The telencephalon grows rapidly, and by 11 weeks, the brain has a similar shape to what it will have at birth.
Although the brain continues to develop after birth, it is structurally similar to a fully developed brain at birth.
Transcripts
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics
in 2 minutes or less.
In this installment I will discuss early neural development.
The development of the nervous system begins at around the third week of embryonic development,
when an area of the ectoderm, or the outer tissue layer of the embryo, thickens and forms
what is known as the neural plate.
This plate begins to fold inward, forming a groove called the neural groove.
The sides of the neural groove, known as the neural folds, begin to come together.
At the end of the third week, the folds will begin to fuse together.
By the end of the fourth week, they have completely fused together to form the neural tube, which
will eventually become the brain and spinal cord.
As the neural tube closes, bulges and bends begin to appear and they gradually become
more noticeable.
During the fourth week, there are three of these bulges present.
They are called the primary vesicles.
They are the prosencephalon, which will eventually form the cerebrum.
The mesencephalon, which will eventually become the midbrain.
And the rhombencephalon, which will eventually become the rest of the brainstem and the cerebellum.
This end of the neural tube will form the spinal cord.
As the brain continues to develop, two of these vesicles further subdivide to form secondary
vesicles.
The prosencephalon forms the telencephalon and diencephalon.
The telencephalon will become the cerebral hemispheres, the diencephalon will eventually
consist of thalamus, hypothalamus, and other structures.
The mesencephalon does not subdivide any further and will become the midbrain.
The rhombencephalon will subdivide into the metencephalon and myelencephalon.
The metencephalon will become the pons and the cerebellum, and the myelencephalon will
become the medulla.
And the end of the neural tube will remain the spinal cord.
Next, the neural tube will continue to develop to look more like the brain.
The telencephalon will grow more rapidly than other parts of the tube and by 11 weeks, the
brain will have a similar shape as to what it will at birth.
Although it will continue to develop after birth, the brain at birth is structurally
similar to a fully developed brain.
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