ISTQB FOUNDATION 4.0 | Tutorial 55 | Defect Management | Defect Report Template | CTFL Tutorials
Summary
TLDRThis tutorial delves into the ISTQB Foundation Level certification, focusing on Chapter 5.5: Defect Management. It explains the necessity of writing defect reports, detailing their objectives such as providing resolution information, tracking work product quality, and suggesting improvements in development and testing processes. The video outlines essential fields for a defect report, including a unique identifier, title, date observed, issuing organization, author's role, test object and environment, test context, description, expected versus actual results, severity, priority, status, and references. The script emphasizes the importance of defect management for overall process improvement.
Takeaways
- 📚 The tutorial is focused on chapter 5.5 of ISTQB Foundation level certification, specifically on defect management.
- 🔍 Defect management is crucial for understanding the process of handling defects within the software testing life cycle (STLC).
- 🤔 Three key questions about defects are addressed: what is a defect, why write a defect report, and what should be included in a defect report.
- 📝 A defect report is essential for providing sufficient information to those responsible for resolving the issue, beyond just the tester's knowledge.
- 🔑 The objectives of writing a defect report include providing detailed information for resolution, tracking the quality of the work product, and offering ideas for improving the development and testing process.
- 📈 Defect reports help in evaluating the quality of both the test cases and the work products being tested, such as code or design.
- 💡 By analyzing defect reports, insights can be gained on which areas of the development or testing lifecycle need improvement.
- 📋 The minimum fields to include in a defect report are outlined by standards like ISO/IEC 29148, but organizations can add more based on their needs.
- 🔑 Key fields in a defect report include a unique identifier, title, date of observation, issuing organization, author and role, test object and environment, and a detailed description of the defect.
- 🔄 The status of a defect throughout its lifecycle, known as the bug or defect life cycle, can vary by organization but commonly includes statuses like new, open, resolved, reopened, and closed.
- 📘 Defect reports are not only for resolving issues but also serve as a tool for generating reports, tracking progress, and learning lessons to improve the overall test process.
Q & A
What is the main purpose of writing a defect report?
-The main purpose of writing a defect report is to provide those responsible for handling and resolving reported defects with sufficient information to resolve the issue, and to document the defect for other stakeholders to understand what went wrong.
Why are verbal communications not recommended for defect reporting?
-Verbal communications are not recommended because they are not documented and thus cannot be easily shared with all stakeholders who might be interested in the defect. It's important for the information to be accessible and understandable to everyone involved.
What are the three objectives typically associated with writing a defect report?
-The three objectives are: 1) Provide sufficient information for resolving the defect, 2) Provide a means of tracking the quality of the work product, and 3) Provide ideas for improvement of the development and test process.
How does a defect report help in evaluating the quality of work products?
-A defect report helps in evaluating the quality of work products by identifying which test cases are effective in finding defects and which areas of the product have the most defects, indicating potential areas for improvement in development or testing processes.
What is the significance of including the role of the author in a defect report?
-Including the role of the author in a defect report is important because it clarifies who identified the defect, which can be a tester, developer, or designer. This helps in understanding the context of the defect and the perspective from which it was found.
What is meant by the 'test object and environment' in a defect report?
-The 'test object and environment' refers to the specific item being tested and the conditions or settings in which the defect was identified. This provides context to understand where and under what circumstances the defect occurred.
Why is it important to include the expected and actual results in a defect report?
-Including the expected and actual results in a defect report is important because it clearly outlines the discrepancy that constitutes the defect, helping those resolving the issue to understand the nature of the problem and what needs to be corrected.
What is the 'severity' of a defect, and why is it important to include in a defect report?
-The 'severity' of a defect refers to the impact of the defect on the system or the end user. It is important to include because it helps prioritize which defects need to be fixed first, based on their urgency and impact.
What is a 'defect life cycle', and how does it relate to the status of a defect in a report?
-A 'defect life cycle' is the journey a defect goes through from identification to resolution, including stages like 'new', 'open', 'resolved', 'reopen', and 'closed'. The status of a defect in a report helps track its progress through this life cycle.
Can additional fields beyond the standard ones be included in a defect report?
-Yes, while there are standard fields recommended by guidelines like ISO/IEC 829, additional fields can be included in a defect report as per the product, project characteristics, or domain-specific requirements to provide more detailed information.
How does a defect report contribute to the overall improvement of the test process?
-A defect report contributes to the overall improvement of the test process by providing insights into common issues, areas of weakness, and opportunities for improvement within the development and testing life cycle, allowing for more informed decision-making and process refinement.
Outlines
📚 Understanding Defect Management and Reporting
This paragraph introduces the topic of defect management within the context of the ISTQB Foundation Level certification, specifically focusing on Chapter 5.5. It discusses the importance of writing a defect report, the process of managing defects in the software testing life cycle (STLC), and the key questions related to defects that should be answered. The paragraph emphasizes that a defect is a deviation from expectations or requirements, often referred to as an anomaly. It also outlines the objectives of a defect report, which include providing sufficient information for resolving issues, tracking the quality of work products, and offering ideas for improving development and testing processes.
📝 Key Components of a Defect Report
This section delves into the specifics of what should be included in a defect report. It clarifies that while there are standards such as ISO/IEC 29148 that suggest minimum fields, organizations can tailor their defect reports to their needs. The paragraph lists typical fields found in a defect report, such as a unique identifier, title, date of observation, issuing organization, author details, test object and environment, test context, detailed description, expected versus actual results, severity, priority, status, and references. It also touches on the bug life cycle and the organization's freedom to define its own status conventions, highlighting the importance of these reports in defect management and process improvement.
🎓 Conclusion and Invitation for Further Learning
The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the tutorial, summarizing the importance of understanding and effectively managing defects through detailed reporting. It invites viewers to look forward to sample questions in the next tutorial and to continue their learning journey with Chapter 6. The speaker expresses their availability for addressing queries and encourages continuous learning and exploration in the field of software testing.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡ISTQB Foundation Level Certification
💡Defect Management
💡Defect Report
💡Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
💡Deviation
💡Validation Process
💡Test Case
💡Quality of Work Product
💡Bug Life Cycle
💡Unique Identifier
💡Priority
Highlights
Introduction to Chapter 5.5 on defect management in ISTQB Foundation level certification.
Explanation of the importance of understanding the process of managing defects within the life cycle.
Three key questions related to Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC): what is a defect, why write a defect report, and what to include in it.
Definition of a defect as a deviation experienced during the validation process of testing.
Objectives of writing a defect report: providing sufficient information for resolving issues, tracking quality of work products, and suggesting improvements.
The necessity of documenting defects for stakeholders beyond the tester.
Use of defect reports for evaluating the quality of test cases and work products under test.
How defect reports can provide insights into areas of the development and testing process that need improvement.
The role of defect reports in identifying the most problematic areas within a project.
Overview of the fields typically included in a defect report according to ISO/IEC 82900.
Customization of defect report fields based on product, project characteristics, and domain specifics.
List of minimum fields to be included in a defect report: unique identifier, title, date, issuing organization, author, test object, environment, and context.
Importance of including detailed description, expected vs. actual results, and severity in defect reports.
Discussion on the priority and status of defects, and the flexibility for organizations to define their own statuses.
The concept of a defect life cycle and its significance in tracking and managing defects.
Inclusion of references in defect reports for additional context and information.
Emphasis on the value of defects in improving the overall test process and the importance of learning from them.
Conclusion of Chapter 5 and a look forward to sample questions and Chapter 6 in the next tutorial.
Transcripts
Hello friends and greetings for the day
welcome back to another tutorial on
istqb Foundation level certification we
are in chapter 5 talking about managing
test activities and continuing ahead
with our next segment which is 5.5
defect management and here we'll be
talking about what is the reason we
should write a defect report and what
can be include in a defect
report
when it comes to defect management
someone should really understand what
exactly is the process of managing
defects within the life cycle and what
are those activities and artifacts
involved in managing defects Al together
when it comes to a stlc which is
software testing life cycle in fact at
some point of time anyone should be able
to answer three different questions
related to this that is what is a defect
why should we write a defect report and
what should we include in a defect
report in this particular section we'll
be talking about answering the two
questions because the first question has
been already answered in the chapter one
that is what is defect a defect is
certainly a deviation experiened as a
part of the validation process which is
testing and it is even referred to as
the deviation from the expectation or
deviation from the requirements or even
sometime we do use the words like
anomalies which are identified between
the expected and the actual result so
this has been discussed as a part of
chapter one in this particular tutorial
we'll be talking about why should I
write a defect report and what should be
include in a defect reports so let's
quickly look into it and understand more
about the reason the objective involved
in writing a defect report so when it
comes to the objectives the typical
defect reports objectives include
provide those responsible for handling
and resolving reported defects with
sufficient information to resolve the
issue it's a very straightforward thing
when the testing is being conducted and
a test case fails it's only a tester in
very much isolation who knows what went
wrong what was the problem what was the
defect all about but until unless this
person writes a report nobody else can
really understand what went wrong and
verbal Communications are not
recommended at this point of time that
means a tester cannot go to everybody's
desk because it's just not the developer
who is going to reol resolve the issue
but there are many other stakeholders
who might be interested in the defect
information to take a call to make a
decision or sometime to defer it or
probably take resolution actions and not
just summary is enough there are many
other things which we do include in the
defect report thus documenting it is
very important for others stakeholders
to understand that what is the defect
all about so that's the very first
objective whereas the second objective
says provide a means of tracking the
quality of the work product when we talk
about the quality of the work product
here we certainly understand that the
work products what we are using or what
we are testing both the things can be
evaluated right from the defect report
for example if the if you talk about our
own what defects like test cases then
what test cases are resulting into good
identification of defects and what test
cases are not really helping us to find
some good defects I can make judgment on
the selection of regression test Suite
or those test cases to be put into
regression test Suite also I can select
good candidates learn lessons from the
test cases which can be very helpful on
a long run for me to even write similar
type of test cases for upcoming projects
as well on on the other hand the test
artifacts which we are testing like code
design if I'm finding a lot of defects
related to code then I know my unit
testing was poor or if I find a lot of
defs related to code I can even say the
development has to improve right so it
helps me understand the quality of the
work product on either side of it
whereas the third objective involved in
defect management or for writing defect
report includes provide ideas for
improvement of the development and T
Test process so so certainly by having
defect report being created or written I
can capture those information which will
also tell me which face identified the
issue or the defect and which work
product had most number of defects
related to it which could further help
me to understand that which area of the
life cycle needs a little bit of more
Improvement in a simple example assume
that I got 100 defects in a project out
of which 70 were related to
misunderstanding of requirement however
we say that we conducted static testing
at the time when the requirements were
being written that means we reviewed the
requirement and we found some good
defects there as well but point being
made is if in Dynamic testing out of 100
70 defects were related to
misunderstanding of requirement then I
think my static testing needs to be
improved so it's just not the other
activities of the development life cycle
but within testing also the previous or
early testings could also be improved by
just having defect management done
properly thus these three object
contribute to the overall defect
management by being conducted in a very
very professional way so given that we
know the objectives it's time for us to
understand what exactly should be
include in a defect report in nutshell
so when it comes to writing a defect
report it's not really a standard list
of items what I can include or standard
list of fields Legends what should I
include in the defect report however
there are certain standards like ISO i e
829 which do declare that these SE are
some of the minimum Fields what you
should always include but however you
can include anything beyond that as per
your product and project characteristics
or even related to your domain specific
so it's not necessary that these are the
only Fields what you're going to see in
a moment are the only fields to be
included in defect report you can
certainly have more and more details
further Beyond this in order to make
sure that you have a wonderful defect
management as per your expectation does
istqb does not claim that this is the
very very standard list of defect report
Fields what you should have and there's
nothing else required so let's quickly
have a look on what are those fields we
are talking about so defect report
logged during Dynamic testing typically
include now when we say typically of
course we are trying to talk about those
simple things what which should be their
bare minimum so the items include unique
identifier which is identification ID of
a defect title with a short summary of
the anomaly being reported a short
oneliner which will tell the people that
what is the defect all about then date
when the anomaly was observed issuing
organization and author including their
role so date is of course to track the
progress issuing organization means who
identified it and the author the person
who did that and of course their role
because it's not necessary that only
testers can find a defect when it comes
to review even developers designers can
also find defects so in that context it
becomes pretty important to include the
name of the person as well and their
role also identification of the test
object and environment the test object
means here the item being tested and the
environment certainly means where did
you identify as we do understand there
are a lot of stage lot of different
environments so we do make sure that
which environment did we identify it in
also to add context of the defect which
basically talks about the test case
being run the activity being performed
which face other relevant information
such as technique which helped you find
it so include any any of those
information which helps someone
understand more about how this defect
can be understood or how this effect can
be identified further or even reproduced
when required further to add description
so summary is just a oneline title but
description of the failure would further
give all the details of the description
of a defect which helps detailed
understanding of the issue and that can
include any relevant test logs uh
database dumps screenshots or any kind
of video recording as well also expected
results and actual results should be
captured along with the defect report
sity which certainly means the impact of
the defect on the system or the end user
priority to fix which in simple word
means the urgency to resolve the issue
like what should be fixed first compared
to other defects and status of defect at
any point of time however on this point
I would like to share that there is a
complete defect tracking life cycle
which do make a lot of sense sense to
any organization the Journey of a defect
is called as bug life cycle or defect
life cycle but the status are completely
left to organization that what kind of
status do you like to make use of you
have the complete freedom on that
however there are some common and
standard uh naming conventions for some
of the status like new open resolved
reopen and closed but on top of it if
you wish you can always have your own
custom status to determine what is the
life cycle for a defect in your
organization or your project further to
add of course you can include any kind
of references which you think could be a
good source of information for someone
to understand that what was the defect
all about so put together these are all
those common fields what why must look
forward to include when it comes to
defect management or writing a defect
report which in turn would help you to
understand the defect at any point of
time generate reports or even spend your
time learning lessons from your defects
to improve your test process altoe
however we'll talk about the test
process improvements in the next level
that is test manager but at this point
just want to let you know that defects
are very helpful in determining the
overall test process Improvement as well
well that's all from this particular
tutorial team and with that we also
complete the chapter five we'll look at
some sample questions in our next
tutorial and get started with chapter
six so that's all from this particular
tutorial team should you have anything
else feel free to comment below I'm
always there to address your queries and
answer them well till then keep learning
keep exploring keep understanding the
context thanks for watching the video
team and happy
[Music]
learning
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