Economic Alliances P2
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the dynamics of economic alliances, focusing on BRICS and ASEAN, exploring their goals, achievements, and challenges. It discusses BRICS' impact on global economic growth and political cooperation, ASEAN's pursuit of regional stability and economic integration, and introduces the MINT countries as emerging economies with significant potential. The script highlights the importance of these alliances in shaping the global economic landscape and the geopolitical influence of non-Western powers.
Takeaways
- 🌐 The BRICS alliance (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) aims to promote economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice to challenge Western powers.
- 📚 The concept of BRICS was first introduced in 2001, highlighting the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, with South Africa joining later in 2010.
- 💼 The BRICS countries have established the New Development Bank (NDB) and a Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to provide financial support and alternatives to Western-dominated financial institutions.
- 🔄 BRICS seeks to reduce reliance on the US dollar by promoting trade in national currencies and has expanded to include Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and UAE in 2023.
- 🌍 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) was established in 1967 to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability among its 10 member states.
- 🛍️ ASEAN has pursued free trade agreements and the establishment of a single market and production base to enhance economic integration and reduce trade barriers.
- 🏗️ Infrastructure development is a priority for ASEAN to improve connectivity and reduce logistical challenges, promoting economic activities within the region.
- 🤝 ASEAN faces challenges such as sovereignty issues, differing political systems, and varying levels of development, which can affect consensus and cooperation.
- 🌟 The MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) are considered as emerging economies with significant potential for growth, based on demographic, geographic, and economic factors.
- 🌱 The concept of MINT highlights the diversification of global economic influence and the importance of emerging markets in international economic discussions.
- 🔑 MINT showcases market opportunities for businesses and investors, emphasizing the collective strength and potential of these four nations in the global economy.
Q & A
What are the main goals of BRICS alliance?
-The main goals of the BRICS alliance are to promote economic growth, political cooperation, and to develop a collective voice on the global stage capable of challenging Western powers.
Which countries are part of the BRICS alliance?
-The BRICS alliance is composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
When was the concept of BRICS first introduced?
-The concept of BRICS was first introduced in 2001 in a paper that highlighted the significant economic growth potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
What was the significance of the 2009 BRICS Summit held in Russia?
-The 2009 BRICS Summit marked the beginning of coordinated efforts among Brazil, Russia, India, and China to strengthen economic cooperation and political collaboration.
How did South Africa's inclusion in BRICS impact the group?
-South Africa's inclusion in BRICS expanded the organization and added an African perspective to the group's discussions, increasing its geographical diversity.
What are the three main economic mechanisms used by BRICS to promote growth among member countries?
-The three main economic mechanisms used by BRICS include trade and economic partnerships, the New Development Bank for financing infrastructure and sustainable development projects, and promoting trade in national currencies to reduce reliance on the US dollar.
What is the New Development Bank (NDB), and what is its purpose?
-The New Development Bank, formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank, was established to finance infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member countries and other emerging economies, providing an alternative to Western-dominated financial institutions.
What is the purpose of the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) within BRICS?
-The CRA was created to provide financial support to member countries facing balance of payments problems or currency crises, aiming to create financial stability.
What are the challenges faced by BRICS in terms of economic disparities among member countries?
-Economic disparities among BRICS member countries can lead to unequal benefits from the group's initiatives and hinder effective collaboration due to varying levels of development and economic structures.
How does the concept of MINT differ from the formal alliances like BRICS and ASEAN?
-MINT is more of a concept rather than a formal political or economic alliance. It is based on the potential for future growth of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey, and does not have formal structures or specific objectives like BRICS and ASEAN.
What are the main goals of ASEAN, and how do they achieve them?
-ASEAN's main goals are to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability. They achieve these through mechanisms such as free trade agreements, the ASEAN Economic Community, infrastructure development, and capacity building in human capital.
What are some of the criticisms faced by ASEAN in terms of their mechanisms and effectiveness?
-ASEAN faces criticisms such as weak enforcement mechanisms, non-binding agreements, varying levels of commitment from member states, and limited dispute resolution mechanisms, which can undermine the effectiveness of their economic integration and goal achievement.
Outlines
🌐 Introduction to Economic Alliances and BRICS
This paragraph introduces the topic of economic alliances, with a focus on BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), which aims to foster economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice on the global stage. It discusses the origin of the BRICS concept in 2001, the first summit in 2009, and the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The paragraph also outlines the main goals of BRICS, including promoting economic growth, political cooperation, and reducing reliance on Western powers. The 2023 Summit in South Africa is mentioned, highlighting the addition of new member countries.
📈 BRICS' Impact and Challenges
This section delves into the impact of BRICS on the global context, emphasizing its economic influence through the substantial contribution to the world's GDP and population. It discusses the geopolitical impact of challenging Western dominance and advocating for a multi-polar world order. The institutional influence of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) is highlighted as alternatives to Western financial institutions. The paragraph also examines the challenges faced by BRICS, such as economic disparities, differing political systems, and the dominance of China within the group, which can lead to power imbalances and geopolitical tensions.
🏛 Achievements of BRICS and Criticisms
The achievements of BRICS are outlined, including the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) to finance infrastructure and sustainable development projects, and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to provide financial support during economic crises. The paragraph also mentions the creation of a business council and academic forums to foster collaboration. However, criticisms are also addressed, such as concerns over human rights issues, democratic values, and the influence of individual member states, which can impact BRICS' credibility and effectiveness in global governance.
🌏 ASEAN: Promoting Growth, Progress, and Stability
This paragraph introduces the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), established in 1967, as a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 10 Southeast Asian countries. The main goals of ASEAN are to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability. The paragraph outlines the mechanisms ASEAN uses to achieve these goals, including free trade agreements, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), infrastructure development, and capacity building in human capital.
🛠 ASEAN's Approach to Social Progress and Regional Stability
The paragraph discusses ASEAN's initiatives for social progress, such as community-based programs addressing healthcare, education, and poverty alleviation. It also highlights healthcare initiatives to prevent diseases and improve infrastructure, as well as educational enhancement to improve curriculum standards and literacy. The development of a human rights framework, including the Asian Human Rights Declaration, is also mentioned. For regional stability, ASEAN employs treaties, forums, military confidence-building measures, and the establishment of centers to study radicalism and terrorism.
🚧 Challenges Faced by ASEAN
This section addresses the challenges faced by ASEAN, including issues with sovereignty and the difficulty in reaching a unified stance on matters such as the South China Sea dispute and the Rohingya crisis. The principle of non-interference is tested, and the organization's commitment to consensus building sometimes results in decisions that do not align with all member states' interests. The criticism towards ASEAN's mechanisms, such as weak enforcement and non-binding agreements, is also discussed, which can undermine the effectiveness of economic integration.
🌟 The MINT Economies: Emerging Potential
The concept of MINT economies, comprising Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey, is introduced as a group with significant potential for future growth based on geographic, demographic, and economic factors. Unlike formal alliances, MINT is more of a concept to highlight the opportunities for investment and economic development. The paragraph discusses how MINT aims to diversify global economic influence, showcase market opportunities, and contribute to global economic dialogue by emphasizing the importance of emerging markets.
🌍 Conclusion on MINT, ASEAN, and BRICS
The final paragraph concludes the discussion on MINT, ASEAN, and BRICS, summarizing the key points of the video and encouraging viewers to ask questions if they have any. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of these alliances and economies in the evolving global economic landscape and invites further engagement with the content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Economic Alliances
💡BRICS
💡New Development Bank (NDB)
💡ASEAN
💡Economic Growth
💡Political Cooperation
💡Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)
💡Infrastructure Development
💡Capacity Building
💡MINT
Highlights
BRICS is an economic alliance comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, representing five major emerging economies with the goal of promoting economic growth, political cooperation, and a collective voice on the global stage.
The BRICS concept originated in 2001, highlighting the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China as emerging powers capable of reshaping the global economic and political landscape.
The first BRICS Summit in 2009 marked the beginning of coordinated efforts among the founding members to strengthen economic and political collaboration.
South Africa joined BRICS in 2010, adding an African perspective and increasing the group's geographical diversity.
BRICS member countries focus on trade, investment, and development initiatives, aiming to reduce reliance on the US dollar and Western powers.
The New Development Bank, formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank, finances infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member countries and other emerging economies.
BRICS provides a platform for member states to discuss and coordinate positions on international and political issues, promoting a balanced multi-polar global order.
BRICS has had significant global impact through economic influence, geopolitical challenges to Western dominance, institutional alternatives to Western financial institutions, and improved trade among member countries.
Challenges faced by BRICS include economic disparities among member countries, differing political systems, and the dominance and dependency on China within the group.
ASEAN, established in 1967, is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising 10 Southeast Asian countries with goals to promote economic growth, social progress, and regional stability.
ASEAN has pursued free trade agreements and the establishment of the ASEAN Free Trade Area to reduce tariffs and trade barriers within the region.
Infrastructure development and capacity building in human capital are key focuses for ASEAN to enhance connectivity and a competitive workforce.
ASEAN faces challenges such as sovereignty issues, weak enforcement mechanisms, and varying levels of commitment among member states.
The MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) are a concept rather than a formal alliance, recognized for their potential for future growth and diversification of global economic influence.
The MINT concept showcases market opportunities and contributes to the global economic dialogue by emphasizing the importance of emerging markets.
Despite not having a formal structure, MINT aims to highlight the combined economic strength and potential of these four emerging economies.
Transcripts
hi guys welcome back to part two of
economic
alliances um so in the first part on
economic alliances we basically just
went over the theory behind it the
mechanisms they use how they work um and
just all the nitty-gritty stuff on that
and then in this part two we're going to
go into case studies on a few different
economic
alliances um Okay
so
first one that we're going to look at is
bricks I think this is one that everyone
should already know obviously they
compromise of Brazil Russia India China
and South Africa and they represent five
major emerging economies in the world
their main goals are to promote economic
growth political Co cooperation and in
general just to develop a collective
voice on the global stage that are able
to challenge Western powers
okay so let's look at a bit of um
background to Brick so in terms of like
early discussions the concept of brick
itself that being Brazil Russia India
and China was originally coined back in
2001 um and it was just an like a paper
that was written and it was it
highlighted the significant economic
growth potential of those four specific
countries and the discussions in the
paper were based on the idea that Brazil
Russia India and China were emerging
were emerging as powerful economic
players and could potentially reshape
the global economic and political
landscape then the first brick Summit
was H was held in 2009 so it was the
first formal brick Summit and it was
held in Russia um and it marked the
beginning of coordinated efforts amongst
Brazil Russia India and China to
strengthen economic cooperation and
political collaboration so at the summit
itself the the leaders of the four
countries discussed different issues of
mutual interest the three main things
they talked about was including economic
um development the reform of global
financial institutions and then Regional
security then in 2005 South Africa forly
joined the group which expanded the
organization to the acronym of bricks
and it was influenced by South Africa's
growing economy and its potential to
contribute to the group at the time um
what this also meant was with South
Africa being added it um added an
African perspective to the group's
discussion and it just increased its
geographical diversity um and then
obviously as we all should have known
looking at updates um during the year in
the 2023 Summit which happened in South
Africa we had a few more countries that
have now been added to Bricks those
being those being Argentina oh I spelled
Argentina wrong um Egypt
Ethiopia um Iran Saudi Arabia and
UAE highlighted the three main goals and
objectives of bricks in the previous
slide and now we're just going to go a
bit more in depth into each of them so
the first one that they had was
promoting economic growth so member
countries um looked to boost the
economic development and cooperation and
they focus on trade investment and
development initiatives obviously from
like part one of this um lecture on
economic alliances we look at the
specific ways to
um the ways to uh the mechanisms that
are used in economic alliances so trade
and economic Partnerships um are used
and they aim to strengthen their
economic ties among themselves and they
promote trade in their National
currencies to to reduce the Reliance on
the US dollar um and that specifically
looks at trying to not rely on Western
uh Powers as much as used to as what had
been before um and then the new
development bank which is something that
we'll look at a little bit later as well
which used to be known as the bricks
Development Bank um basically they
finance infrastructure and sustainable
growth um sustainable development
projects in member countries and other
emerging
economies so secondly their second goal
and objective would be political
cooperation so brics provides a platform
for all the member states to discuss and
coordinate their positions on various
International and political
issues um and then in order to try and
reduce the control of Western powers in
the world um they promote a more
balanced multi-polar Global Order um
they provide a forum for member
countries to discuss and coordinate
their stances on international issues um
and often share common perspectives on
global governance political stability
and security so I think we obviously see
this when um the war in Ukraine was
happening and we see Sur Rapa not
necessarily taking a stance on either
side um he kind of had a diplomatic
response and that obviously was impacted
by South Africa being part of bricks and
then the group seeks to influence
International decisions and promote a
more Equitable Global
Order so their last goal looks at
impacting um like the global context of
the world so so far we well bricks has
had a significant impact in the global
context in four different ways so
firstly economic influence um the
countries the member countries of bricks
collectively account for a substantial
uh portion of the world's GDP and
population which then makes them like
very influential players in the global
economy um and they've been drive
driving global economic growth uh so in
terms of geopolitical impact the group
challenges the Western the dominance of
the western powers in global politics
and economies and they advocate for a
multi-polar world order in terms of like
institutional influence the NDB and the
contingent Reserve
Arrangement um provides a form of like
provides alternatives to Western
dominated financial institutions like
the international monetary fund and the
world bank and then in terms of improved
trade member countries have been
successful in boosting trade and
investment among themselves reducing
trade barriers and promoting economic
stability so now let's look a little bit
at the challenges that bricks face so
although they've had notable success it
faces challenges such as economic
disparities among among member countries
so economic disparities among member
countries can lead to in general unequal
benefits from uh the groups initiatives
and then the varying levels of
development and economic structures can
therefore like um hinder effective
collaboration and then looking at the
effect of that so persistent e economic
disparities um can lead to like
undermining the group's ability to
implement uh projects that theyve
created together together and hinder the
achievement of common economic goals
then secondly we look at differing
political systems here we're looking at
the fact that like bricks members have
different political systems ranging from
democracies to like more centralized
systems and this can lead to
um uh different ways of approaching
Global governance and decision making um
and in general it's it challenges their
ability to reach a consensus on
political issues and could affect the
group's um ability to present a united
front in front of like the international
stage and then looking at the varing
um um levels of development obviously
when we look at different countries as
i' mentioned in part one in terms of the
like different development of the
countries a country like South Africa's
development is very different to a
country like China's development so then
also looking at that the do the
dominance and dependency of China in the
group can lead to concerns and
imbalances as well as the need to
balance um cooperation with competition
so in terms of the dependency on China
we see that China's economic uh
dominance within bricks looks like
raises questions about the balance of
power and potential dependencies on uh
the largest member uh so in general
overbalance I mean over Reliance on a
single member could lead to imbalances
and power struggles um which can
negatively a affect like uh brics's
ability to
cooperate uh cohesively um then looking
at competitive competitivness between
member countries um so economic comp
competition and in general like
geopolitical Ambitions among different
bricks countries especially with the
dominance of China
uh can create tensions within the group
so that can like negatively affect trust
uh between the countries and impact like
the group's ability to work together um
like effectively and efficiently and
achieve the common objectives that they
that they like set out to achieve in the
first place and then lastly looking at
like Global perceptions and criticism
that bricks face which imposes a
challenge to them so obviously they're
going to face criticisms related to
Human Rights issues we see that with
like the war in Ukraine um they have
like criticisms in relation to like
democratic values and concerns about the
influence of individual member states um
so obviously like these negative
perceptions can impact the like Brick's
credibility um and therefore their
influence and could possibly like limit
its Effectiveness in shaping the global
uh governance which is one of like their
main core
objectives um so let's look at like some
achievements of bricks which can kind of
show that they're somewhat reaching
their goals and objectives and to show
that as a whole the economic Alliance
can be seen as something that is
successful and that should continue so
firstly looking at the new development
bank which is something that I mentioned
mentioned earlier on um so they
established the NDB back in 2014 in
order to finance infrastructure and
sustainable development projects in
member countries and other emerging
economies so basically it's um able to
provide an alternative source of funding
um to Western dominated um institutions
like the IMF and the World Bank which
promotes um Financial independence from
Western Powers then secondly looking at
the um the contingent Reserve
Arrangement the CRA so the CRA was
created in order to provide financial
support to the member countries that are
facing balance of payments problems or
currency crisises so looking at exactly
what balance of payments are so balance
of payment payments problems occur in
general when um when a when a country's
economic transactions um in relation to
the rest of the world results in
imbalances in its external accounts so
balance of payments basically just
records um a country's economic
transactions with the rest of the world
and there's two main like components of
it the first one being the current
account and the second one being the
capital and financial account so an an
imbalance in the current account looks
at when um a current um sorry a country
is running a trade deficit so trade
deficit occurs when you're importing
more goods and so
then you're exporting um and then
secondly you in terms of the current
account um there's an imbalance in the
current account when a a country has a
trade surplus so basically they export
more than they import and then in terms
of um imbalance for the balance of
payments in the capital account so the
capital and financial account looks at
um Capital transfers and the acquisition
um of financial assets so so imbalances
in this account can result result from
like large Capital flows such as um
foreign investment or like changes in
reserve assets so um specifically the
CRA the C is trying to um create
Financial in financial
stability um and it helps countries what
when their when their balance of
payments um is not like when they have
problems in terms of their balance of
payments and then thirdly we look at um
Business Council and academic forums so
bricks established a business Council
and academic forums to facilitate
collaboration among business communities
and academics from member countries so
basically these platforms that they've
established promote dialogue um the
exchanging of ideas and like creating
joint project projects which Fosters a
stronger like f like Fosters stronger
ties among businesses and academic uh
communities within
bricks uh okay so that is it on brics
I'd suggest that you guys do a bit more
research on brics especially in terms of
like the new developments within this
year um before Nationals cuz I think um
that it's like a very current topic that
has the potential to like um materialize
itself into motion or something um so
now we are going to be moving
on um so aan or
Asian people pronounce it differently um
is the next economic Alliance that we're
going to be looking at so it stands for
the association of Southeast Asian
Nations and it was first established in
1967 uh that's supposed to say 1967 I
don't know why there are two ones over
there um so there are a regional
intergovernmental organization that
compromises of 10 different countries in
Southeast Asia those countries are
Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines
Singapore Thailand uh brune Vietnam Laos
uh Myanmar and Cambodia so their main
goals are to promote economic growth
social progress and Regional stability
um I think like a lot of economic
alliances their goals and objectives
kind of uh are similar to each other but
the ways that they achieve those goals
are obviously going to be different like
dependent on the resources that they
have and just their different like
political and economic uh standings so
they work together on various issues
including economic cooperation political
security and social cultural
development so now we're going to go
into the goals and the objectives uh I
feel like in part one and also in bricks
we talked a lot about how like economic
growth is promoted so um for this I've
mainly looked at how it has been
achieved and uh mechanism mechanisms
that they've already used so the first
goal being promoting economic growth how
it's been achieved so firstly we have um
free trade a um agreements so um they've
actively pursued the establishment of
free trade agreements among like their
own member states and with external
Partners so the um aian free trade area
is like a notable example which
basically aims to reduce tariffs and
trade barriers with within the region
and then furthermore they've entered
into free trade agreements with um key
Partners such as um like China Japan
South Korea Australia New Zealand which
um facilitates like increased trade and
economic cooperation then we looking at
the aec which is the
um uh the a Ian Community I mean Asian
economic Community right um so basically
this was launched in 2015 and it seeks
to create like a single market and
production base which just promotes the
free flow of goods Services investment
and skilled labor and it's um it
enhances economic integration and
fosters a more competitive and dynamic
izn economy so this is obviously looking
at Common Market which were talked about
in part one um then thirdly we're
looking at infrastructure development so
they've prioritize infrastructure
development to try and enhance like
connectivity and in order to make sure
that like trade occurs um so they have
like different projects such as the
master plan on asan connectivity which
basically just focuses on like improving
Transportation energy and
information um and commun communication
technology infrastructure which like in
turn reduces logistical challenges and
promotes um economic activities and then
like lastly um in terms of how economic
growth has been achieved we're looking
at um capacity building and uh human
capital development so aen has uh
recognized the importance of investing
in human capital um that being like
humans specifically and they like
abilities and how they can help the
economy and so they have like founded
initiatives to enhance education um
skills training and knowledge sharing um
so this in turn like contributes to more
capable and competitive Workforce and
this supports like sustained economic
growth um and then like their second
goal and objective that they're trying
to achieve is social prog uh social
progress and how like this is so just
going to look at how this has been
achieved this is a little bit like less
tangible um than like how they've
achieved their first goal on their third
goal um but like these programs and
mechanisms have been implemented
nonetheless so firstly we're looking at
community- based programs so Asen has
implemented Community Based programs um
in order to just like um address social
issues but this is specifically at
grassroot levels so um it focuses on
Health Care education trying to
alleviate uh poverty and other things
like you know Community Development um
so by involving local communities uh aen
is trying to ensure that social progress
re reaches like um all parts of society
or like segments of society then
secondly looking at Healthcare
initiatives um asan has prioritized like
healthcare as a fundamental aspect of
social progress so they have like
collaborative efforts to like decrease
prevention um I
mean
um what am I saying oh uh collaborative
efforts that
um uh try to like prevent diseases
improving Healthcare infrastructure um
and trying to address public health
challenges so obviously like uh during
covid-19 that also promoted increased
Regional cooperation in managing
um health crisises because this is one
of like uh their main goals and
objectives then thirdly looking at
educational um enhancement so Asen has
worked towards uh trying to enhance
Educational Systems and trying to um
increase the the the the quality um of
education and the access to that quality
education so um they have different
initiatives such as like promoting
educational exchange programs like um
improving the curriculum standards
themselves and then addressing
challenges related to literacy and um
School attendance and then lastly
looking at um human rights framework so
basically asien has try to develop a
human rights framework in order to
address the issues related to like
Social Justice and
inclusivity um and so then the Asian
human rights uh declaration and the Ian
Commission on the promotion and
protection of the rights of women and
children are two examples of just like
um Regional mechanisms that have been
created with the aim to promote uh human
rights and social progress so looking at
the last one in terms of Human Rights
framework we can see that that's a
little bit more tangible in terms of
trying to establish actual standards um
and mechanisms to uh measure social
progress by
um okay and then their last goal which
is regional stability uh we're just
looking at how that has been achieved so
firstly we have the Treaty of um the
Treaty of um emity and cooperation the
the TAC so the TAC has been like signed
by all Asian member states and in
general it promotes the principles that
they would like to support of like
mutual respect non-interference
um and in general peaceful dispute
resolution so the states um commit to
refraining from the use of like force
and in order to resolve confli con
conflicts they're like looking at
mechanisms uh that are more peaceful and
these all try to contribute to like
Regional stability to ensure that major
conflicts don't like um happen between
them then secondly we looking at the
Asian Regional for Forum so this was was
established in
1994 and it was basically just a
platform for dialogue and cooperation on
all like political and security issues
and all the member states and external
partners are included which like enables
them to Foster discussions on Regional
security challenges um and different
like confidence building measures um
then thirdly they have like the military
confidence building measures so the
Asian member states have Implement have
implemented like military confidence
building measures and the aim of it is
to try and like enhance transparency and
reduce the risk of misunderstandings
between member states so the like
measures that they use are looking at
like information sharing joint exercises
and then like Dialogue on defense
policies in
general um then uh the next way that
they've achieved like Regional stability
is looking at the Asian um political
security Community the apsc so um
basically what it aims to do is to
strengthen political and security
cooperation among member states um and
it like includes measures for conflict
prevention conflict
resolution um and postconflict uh peace
building so in order to like stop
conflict from happening and if conflict
does happen uh the correct ways to
address it
um and then lastly the Asian center for
the study of radicalism and terrorism so
it was established in
2003 yeah 2003 and it focuses on
basically just research and
collaboration to address any threat of
um radicalism and terrorism in the
region so it contributes to the regional
stability by promoting like a united
front against security challenges is um
as a whole um so yeah these are the ways
that um asan have been able to somewhat
achieve and continue to achieve their
goals and
objectives now we're just going to be
looking at um challenges that Asen have
faced in general so the first one being
like issues with sovereignity um so um
in general decisions made by asien can
obviously sometimes conflict individual
member states um interests which I think
makes sense considering they have quite
a few member states and obviously uh
their individual interest will not
always align with what like asien wants
to do um so the first one is looking at
like this uh the South China Sea dispute
so um in general the
territorial um disputes in the South
China Sea involve several of like the
member countries including Vietnam the
Philippines Malaysia and it's like they
have overlapping claims with China so
Asian has faced challenges in in like
reaching a unified stance on the issue
um and some members like some member
states have preferred like a more
assertive approach in dealing with China
while e like others have advocated for
like diplomatic and Cooperative
resolution so there's like a lack of a
like unanimous position on the South
China SE issue um and like this has at
times like led to perceived conflicts of
interest among um among the Asian
members because they're trying to
achieve different things and even in
terms of the things that they are trying
to achieve um the mechanisms that they
want to use to achieve these like goals
are different and then
secondly um looking at the rohinga
crisis right so this involves like the
persecution ution of Rin Muslim minority
in uh Myanmar specifically and has been
like the source of tension with within
like asien so although like the
organization itself promotes the
principle of like non-interference in
terms of international Affairs of member
states um the humanitarian crisis in
Myanmar has tested this principle
specifically because like some member
states particularly like those directly
affected by the Refugee influx um have
called for like a more proactive um
Asian role in terms of like looking at
the crisis and addressing the crisis and
then there's other member states that
argue for like respecting myanmar's uh
sovereignity and handling the issue um
through like their own means right so
obviously these two specific examples
are able to like um highlight the like
intricacies and complexity of
maintaining um a unified uh front Within
within like Asian um with like when
individual member states have different
national interests and priorities um so
that means that like the organization's
commitment to consensus building
sometimes uh means that decisions will
not always like fully align with the
preferences of certain member states
which can like lead to perceived
conflicts of interests um and then
having to like um manage these like
issues obviously is going to pose like a
challenge for Asian as a whole um while
asien like is trying to balance the
principles of unity and non-interference
with like uh the need to address um the
regional issues
effectively um and then the second
challenge that like Asian faces in
general is there's been like large
criticism towards um like their
mechanisms and the ability for their
mechanisms to work uh so firstly they
have like weak enforcement mechanisms so
um they aren't able to ensure that
member states like follow the economic
agreements that they have signed so in
comparison to like other Regional
organizations such as like the EU um the
Asen does not have like um institutions
with the authority to kind of like
enforce the compliance then secondly
they have like n non-binding of
agreements so many of like their
economic Agreements are non-binding in
nature which means that they're just
like kind of relying on the cooperation
of the member states themselves and as a
result it can like as a whole undermine
the effectiveness of the agreements and
limits um their ability to like Drive
substantial economic integration and
completely um achieve all their goals
then thirdly we're looking at like
varying levels of commitment so this
looks at like the member states
themselves having varying levels of
commitment in terms of um implementing
economic agreements which like leads to
disparities and compliance
um so this uneven like commitment
obviously hinders the like realization
of the full economic potential that um
was envisioned by the Asian um
agreements when they were made and then
lastly looking at the limited dispute um
resolution mechanisms so although they
have um mechanisms for dispute
resolution um they're often like
considered slow and less effective
um like they're typically addressed
through dialogue and consultation and
the fact that they don't have like a
specific mechanism for resolving
disputes May weaken the enforcement of
like economic agreements and I think
like in terms of these criticisms we can
see we can see like these arising when
um
things like the South China Sea dispute
like happen and there isn't like
necessarily a specific way that these
issues are being solved even though
they're involving like a lot of
different members of the like Asian
economic
Alliance um so yeah those are like the
main criticism
criticisms uh yeah of like the
mechanisms
themselves okay and then lastly we're
going to be looking at mint so that is
um Mexico
Indonesia Nigeria and turkey so they
were kind of just like the successes of
like two like the bricks countries um
and they were chosen like for the same
reasons that the bricks countries were
chosen the fact that they have potential
for like future growth um but this one
specifically based on like certain
Geographic um demographic and economic
factors so um this is more of like a
concept rather than like having having
like a formal political or economic
Alliance it's not necessarily something
that has like a lot of implementation in
comparison to like Asian and Bricks um
and in general like the mint countries
suffer from like corruption and
political
instability um and this is like after
they strugg have struggled with
significant problems in the past in
general um
yeah so now we're just going to be
looking at what like the concept of
highlights because again they aren't
like a formal economic Alliance it's
just based on um people's perceptions of
the fact that they could have
like they could be a very good economic
Alliance and uh they have like a lot of
potential for growth um so like that's
the first thing that's highlighted is
the economic potential so in general
like these countries are seen as having
significant like economic potential um
due to specific factors those being um
like they have a large and growing
populations um in terms of GE like
geography they have strategic
geographical locations and in terms of
their economies they have diverse
economies so the purpose in this sense
is like to draw attention to the
opportunities for investment and
economic development in these nations
because again they don't have like a
formal economic or political
Alliance um then secondly what it
highlights is is the diversification of
global economic influence so by grouping
these four countries together um they
aim to like diversify the global like
economic landscape and the purpose is to
challenge the traditional dominance of
Western economies and contribute to more
like balanced representation of um
emerging markets in international
economic uh discussions as a whole um
then thirdly looking at Market
opportunities so mint represents like a
collective Market um that has like
substantial consumer populations right
so the purpose of like mint like the
concept of mint is uh to showcase the
opportunities for um businesses and
investors to kind of like engage with
these countries um and like tap into
their markets and like contribute to
their like economic growth um economic
growth um and then lastly looking at
global economic dialogue um the concept
of mint contributes to the global
economic dialogue by emphasizing the
importance of like Emerging Markets into
like um the world landscape so the
purpose is to encourage discussions and
collaborations that um in some way
recognize the influence and the
potential of these nations in shaping um
the future of the global economy so like
those are the four main things that
minant like the idea of mint establishes
right so even though like mint itself
doesn't have a formal structure or like
specific objectives the purpose lies in
mainly like highlighting the combined
economic strength and potential for
these four um emerging economies and
fostering a greater understanding like
of their specific role in um in the
evolving global economic landscape um so
yes that is it on mint asien and Bricks
um I hope you guys have made it to the
end of this video and have enjoyed it if
you guys have any questions again please
feel free to message me and ask um enjoy
your day further
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