Prosedur Permintaan Darah (kelompok 2) TBD reg B

Summary

This presentation outlines the essential procedures involved in blood request processes, starting with patient assessment for transfusions. It covers blood components, including red blood cells, plasma, and platelets, and their functions. The script details the step-by-step protocol for blood requests, from identification of blood needs to transport, storage, and transfusion. Key topics include blood testing, compatibility checks, and the roles of medical staff in ensuring patient safety. Additionally, it discusses challenges like blood shortages during emergencies and the importance of efficient management systems for blood requests in healthcare settings.

Takeaways

• 😀 Blood is a biological component essential for transporting substances, maintaining hemostasis, and protecting the body from infections.
• 😀 Blood consists of cellular components (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) and plasma that carries water, proteins, electrolytes, and hormones.
• 😀 Blood characteristics include color (arterial blood is bright red, venous blood is dark red), viscosity, pH (7.35-7.45), and volume (4-5 liters in adults).
• 😀 A blood transfusion procedure begins with identifying the need for blood based on a patient’s medical condition, such as anemia or trauma.
• 😀 The blood request is made by medical staff to the blood bank, followed by blood sample testing for compatibility (ABO, Rh, crossmatching).
• 😀 Blood components, such as red blood cells and platelets, need to be stored in optimal conditions (e.g., red blood cells at 1-6°C for 42 days).
• 😀 The blood must be transported using specialized containers to maintain its temperature and prevent contamination until transfusion.
• 😀 Before a transfusion, medical staff must verify patient identity, blood type, and crossmatch results to ensure safety.
• 😀 Blood transfusion must be monitored for reactions such as fever, allergies, or serious complications from blood incompatibility.
• 😀 Blood request forms must include patient identity, diagnosis, blood type, transfusion history, and the signature of the attending physician.

Q & A

What is the definition of blood according to Guon and Hal (2021)?

According to Guon and Hal (2021), blood is an essential biological component that plays a role in transporting substances, maintaining hemostasis, and protecting the body from infections.

What are the main components of blood as described by Hofbrin and Mos (2019)?

Hofbrin and Mos (2019) explain that blood consists of cellular components like erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets, as well as plasma, which contains water, proteins, electrolytes, and hormones.

What are the functions of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes in the blood?

Erythrocytes transport oxygen using hemoglobin, leukocytes protect the body through the immune system, and thrombocytes are involved in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.

What is the role of plasma in the blood, according to Skemer and Lazarus (2018)?

Plasma plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, transporting vital substances, regulating body temperature, balancing acid-base levels, and supporting hematopoiesis (blood cell production).

What are the main characteristics of blood?

Blood's key characteristics include its color (bright red in arteries due to higher oxygen content and dark red in veins), viscosity (higher than water), pH (between 7.35 and 7.45), and volume (around 4-5 liters in adults). Blood is composed of 55% plasma and 45% blood cells.

What steps are involved in the blood request procedure?

The blood request procedure involves identifying the patient's need for blood based on their medical condition, submitting a request to the blood bank, performing compatibility tests (like ABO and Rh), and ensuring proper storage and transport of blood before transfusion.

Why is it important to verify blood compatibility before transfusion?

Verifying blood compatibility before transfusion is crucial to prevent dangerous immune reactions, such as allergic responses or organ rejection, which can result in life-threatening complications.

What is the process for storing different components of blood?

Red blood cells are stored at 1-6°C for up to 42 days, plasma is stored at -30°C or lower and can last up to a year, while platelets are kept at room temperature with constant agitation for 5-7 days.

What are the types of requests for blood, and how do they differ?

Blood requests can be categorized into routine and emergency requests. Routine requests are submitted up to 3 days before the transfusion, while emergency requests require a special form and are processed more quickly.

What was the case study involving the shortage of plasma at PMI Samarinda during the COVID-19 pandemic?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, PMI Samarinda faced a shortage of plasma due to high demand, particularly for blood type B. This shortage persisted for over a week due to challenges in finding eligible donors and technical issues with blood processing equipment.