KABINET DJUANDA (MASA DEMOKRASI LIBERAL) | MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12

Summary

This video explores the Djuanda Cabinet of Indonesia during the liberal democracy period (1957–1959), led by Prime Minister Juanda Kartawijaya. It highlights the cabinet's formation based on ministerial professionalism rather than political parties, its key programs under Panca Karya, and major challenges such as nationalizing Dutch companies, addressing regional autonomy, and handling the West Irian issue. The video emphasizes the landmark Djuanda Declaration, which established Indonesia as an archipelagic state, and concludes with the cabinet's dissolution following the failure of the Constituent Assembly, marking the end of the liberal democracy era and the return to the 1945 Constitution.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Djuanda Cabinet was formed on April 9, 1957, based on Presidential Decree No. 108/1957, focusing on professional ministers rather than political party balance (zaken cabinet).
• 😀 Juanda Kartawijaya served as the 7th Prime Minister, implementing Soekarno's vision outlined in the 1957 Presidential Concept.
• 😀 The cabinet introduced the Panca Karya program, which included forming a National Council, normalizing the Republic's situation, canceling the Round Table Conference, pursuing the return of West Irian, and accelerating development.
• 😀 The National Council was chaired by the president, with 41 members representing various societal groups, and held a higher position than the DPR, acting as a rival legislative institution.
• 😀 The cabinet faced challenges in returning West Irian, leading to the nationalization of around 700 Dutch companies and the expulsion of 46,000 Dutch citizens.
• 😀 Regional autonomy demands by military councils led to efforts for National Conferences, but these failed due to disagreements and the Cikini incident (Nov 30, 1957).
• 😀 The Djuanda Declaration (Dec 13, 1957) redefined Indonesia's territorial waters, extending limits from 3 miles to 12 miles from the outermost coastline, emphasizing the archipelagic state concept.
• 😀 The Djuanda Declaration eventually gained international recognition through UNCLOS 1982 and formal laws in Indonesia (Law No. 17/1985), with December 13 commemorated as Nusantara Day.
• 😀 The Djuanda Cabinet ended on July 6, 1959, following the failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution due to ideological deadlocks.
• 😀 Soekarno issued a Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, dissolving the Constituent Assembly, returning to the 1945 Constitution, and forming temporary legislative bodies, consolidating presidential power.
• 😀 The Djuanda Cabinet marked a shift from party-driven governance to professional administration, leaving a lasting legacy in Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and political history.

Q & A

What was the basis for forming the Djuanda Cabinet?

The Djuanda Cabinet was formed based on Presidential Decree No. 108 of 1957 and was a zaken cabinet, meaning ministers were selected for their professionalism rather than political party affiliation.

When did the Djuanda Cabinet officially begin and end its administration?

The Djuanda Cabinet officially served from April 9, 1957, until July 6, 1959.

Who was the Prime Minister of the Djuanda Cabinet?

Juanda Kartawijaya served as the 7th Prime Minister of Indonesia and led the Djuanda Cabinet.

What were the main programs of the Djuanda Cabinet known as Panca Karya?

The Panca Karya programs included: 1) Formation of the National Council, 2) Normalization of the Republic’s situation, 3) Continuation of efforts to reclaim West Irian, 4) Accelerating development, and 5) Reinforcing national unity through maritime policies.

What was the function of the National Council formed by the Djuanda Cabinet?

The National Council, chaired by the President with daily tasks managed by the deputy chairman, represented all societal groups and functioned to channel people’s power. It was considered higher than the cabinet and acted as a rival institution to the DPR.

What steps did the Djuanda Cabinet take regarding Dutch companies in Indonesia?

After failing to resolve the West Irian issue through the UN, the Djuanda Cabinet implemented unilateral nationalization of around 700 Dutch-owned companies, including transportation, banking, and plantation businesses, which resulted in the expulsion of 46,000 Dutch nationals.

What was the significance of the Djuanda Declaration?

The Djuanda Declaration, proclaimed on December 13, 1957, established Indonesia as an archipelagic state, extending territorial waters from 3 to 12 miles, unifying the archipelago, and laying the groundwork for international recognition through UNCLOS in 1982.

What challenges did the Djuanda Cabinet face in normalizing the Republic's situation?

The Cabinet struggled with regional military councils seeking autonomy, failed attempts to restore cooperation between Hatta and Soekarno, and the Cikini incident, where regional military leaders were accused of plotting to assassinate the President.

Why did the Djuanda Cabinet end?

The Djuanda Cabinet ended following the failure of the Constituent Assembly (1956–1959) to draft a new constitution. President Soekarno, with military support, issued a decree on July 5, 1959, dissolving the Assembly, returning to the 1945 Constitution, and forming temporary legislative and advisory bodies.

What were the long-term impacts of the Djuanda Cabinet on Indonesia?

The Cabinet reinforced professional governance over party-based appointments, established national maritime boundaries recognized internationally, and implemented economic policies such as nationalization of Dutch companies, which had both immediate and long-term economic effects.

How did Indonesia gain international recognition for the Djuanda Declaration?

Diplomats and experts like Prof. Dr. Muchtar Kusumaatmadja and Prof. Dr. Hasyim Jalal represented Indonesia in maritime law conferences at the UN from 1970 to the 1990s, leading to formal recognition through UNCLOS in 1982 and implementation in Law No. 17/1985.

How is the Djuanda Declaration commemorated in Indonesia?

December 13 is celebrated as Nusantara Day. It was formally recognized during President Abdurrahman Wahid's administration and reinforced with Presidential Decree No. 126 during President Megawati’s administration in 2001.