TEORI KRIMINOLOGI YANG MERUBAH CARA KITA MELIHAT KEJAHATAN || INSAN PIJAR

Summary

In this video, Nur Shih Insani explores modern criminology theories, focusing on two key concepts: differential theory and anomie theory. The differential theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through one's environment, where negative behaviors can be adopted based on surrounding influences. The anomie theory, on the other hand, explains how societal chaos and unclear norms can push individuals to commit crimes as a survival tactic. The video emphasizes the importance of improving both environments and opportunities to prevent crime, urging cooperation and fairness to foster positive change in society.

Takeaways

• 😀 People can become criminals not because of an inherent evil nature but due to environmental influences and life stresses.
• 😀 Differential Theory, developed by Edwin Hardin Sutherland, emphasizes that a person learns criminal behavior through their surroundings and social interactions.
• 😀 According to Differential Theory, environments that normalize crime can influence individuals to adopt similar behaviors, even if they did not initially intend to commit a crime.
• 😀 The Ecological and Cultural Transmission Theory suggests that the environment, including where a person lives and interacts, plays a crucial role in shaping their behavior.
• 😀 The Symbolic Interaction and Culture Conflict Theory proposes that people may engage in criminal behavior due to societal labels or cultural differences in legal norms.
• 😀 The Symbolic Interaction approach shows that labels from society, such as being labeled a liar or a thief, can lead people to conform to these roles and engage in criminal actions.
• 😀 Culture Conflict Theory highlights the differences in legal rules between different groups, where actions seen as normal in one group may be viewed as criminal in another.
• 😀 Anomie Theory, developed by Emile Durkheim and Robert Merton, explores how a lack of clear societal norms and rules can lead to confusion, which may drive people to commit crimes to survive.
• 😀 According to Durkheim, when society experiences chaos, such as economic instability, people may resort to criminal behavior, such as fraud or theft, due to a lack of clear guidelines.
• 😀 Merton's adaptation of Anomie Theory describes five types of reactions to societal goals: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Each reaction reflects different ways people cope with societal expectations and goals.
• 😀 To prevent crime, it is essential to improve both the environment and the opportunities available for individuals, ensuring fairness and cooperation from society as a whole.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The video script focuses on explaining two major criminology theories—differential theory and anomie theory—to help understand why people may engage in criminal behavior.

What does differential theory suggest about criminal behavior?

Differential theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned from the surrounding environment. If a person grows up in an environment where criminal behavior is normalized, they are more likely to adopt such behaviors themselves.

Who is the key figure behind the differential theory, and what is its core idea?

The key figure behind differential theory is Edwin Hardin Sutherland. The core idea is that people learn criminal behavior through interactions with others in their environment.

What are the two main approaches within differential theory?

The two main approaches within differential theory are the ecological and cultural transmission theory, and the symbolic interaction and culture conflict theory.

How does the ecological and cultural transmission theory explain criminal behavior?

The ecological and cultural transmission theory emphasizes the role of a person's environment in shaping their behavior. If someone grows up in an environment where criminal activities are normalized, they are more likely to adopt these behaviors as well.

What does the symbolic interaction theory suggest about criminal behavior?

Symbolic interaction theory suggests that people learn to commit crimes based on labels and interactions they receive from their social environment. Being labeled as a 'criminal' or 'naughty' can lead someone to adopt those behaviors.

What is culture conflict theory, and how does it relate to criminal behavior?

Culture conflict theory suggests that criminal behavior occurs when the rules of one group or society conflict with those of another. For example, if a community normalizes stealing, individuals from that community might commit theft, even though it is illegal in the larger society.

What is the core idea behind the anomie theory?

The anomie theory, developed by Durkheim and Merton, suggests that when societal norms are unclear or weakened, individuals may feel lost and resort to illegal behavior as a means to survive, especially during times of social or economic crisis.

What are Merton's five types of reactions to achieving goals in society?

Merton's five types of reactions to achieving goals are: 1) Conformity, 2) Innovation, 3) Ritualism, 4) Retreatism, and 5) Rebellion.

According to the video, what are the two main factors that contribute to criminal behavior?

According to the video, criminal behavior can result from 1) learning criminal behavior from one's environment (as suggested by differential theory), and 2) feeling societal pressure and lacking legitimate means to achieve one's goals (as suggested by anomie theory).