Building Science: Remodeling Old Homes
Summary
TLDRDans ce script de vidéo, un constructeur et rénoveur de Saratoga Springs, New York, partage sa passion pour la construction de maisons durables et bien conçues en utilisant des techniques et des principes de la science du bâtiment. Il aborde les défis liés à la restauration d'une maison ancienne, datant des années 30 ou 40, en expliquant les étapes de démolition, de nivellement des planchers, et de mise à niveau de la structure pour répondre aux normes modernes de confort thermique et d'isolation. L'importance de la prévention des problèmes de l'humidité, de la détérioration du bois et de la planification en amont est soulignée pour assurer la durabilité et la fiabilité de l'habitation.
Takeaways
- 🏠 Le script parle d'un projet de rénovation d'une maison ancienne à Saratoga Springs, New York.
- 🛠️ L'entrepreneur Richard Martin a 51 ans d'expérience dans le bâtiment et a inspecté plus de sept mille maisons.
- 🔍 L'inspecteur a identifié des problèmes de structure et de niveau de plancher causés par des problèmes de fondation et d'infestation.
- 👷♂️ La rénovation implique la remise à niveau du plancher, la vérification de la toiture pour éviter les fuites et l'évaluation de la fondation.
- 🪵 L'ancienne maison a été entièrement vidée pour examiner la charpente et les ajouts effectués au fil des ans.
- 🐛 Des dégâts causés par les termites et les fourmis charpentières ont été découverts, indiquant l'importance de la protection contre l'humidité.
- 🛑 L'isolation inversée et l'ajout de matière rigide ont créé des problèmes d'humidité en raison de la présence de doubles barrières à la vapeur.
- 🧱 La réparation de la fondation et la mise en place d'un nouveau plancher nécessitent un travail de fondation approfondi et des ajustements structuraux.
- 🏡 La maison doit être améliorée pour répondre aux normes modernes de construction, y compris la gestion de la chaleur et de la climatisation.
- 💨 Les problèmes d'air et de vapeur ont été exacerbés par la réduction de l'échange d'air dans les maisons modernes, ce qui a créé de nouveaux défis.
- 👷♀️ Le processus de rénovation inclut la mise en place de nouveaux éléments structuraux, l'assainissement et l'amélioration de l'isolation pour prévenir les fuites d'eau et les problèmes de biodégradation.
Q & A
Quel est le métier de Matt, le narrateur du script?
-Matt est un constructeur et rénoveur de maisons à Saratoga Springs, New York, passionné par la science du bâtiment et la construction de maisons durables et bien conçues.
Pourquoi est-il important pour un charpentier de connaître les techniques appropriées dans les zones à forte présence d'anciens bâtiments?
-C'est important car cela permet de préserver et d'améliorer ces bâtiments historiques tout en répondant aux exigences modernes de construction.
Quel est le problème principal que Rich Martin doit résoudre dans le projet de rénovation d'une vieille maison?
-Le problème principal est la déséquilibration et le désalignement du plancher dû à des problèmes structurels et de dégradation des supports, ainsi qu'à des problèmes de fondation et d'infestation.
Quels sont les facteurs qui peuvent causer un déséquilibre ou un désalignement des planchers dans une vieille maison?
-Les facteurs peuvent inclure des problèmes de fondation, des infestations d'insectes qui ont rongé les structures de soutien, ou des pressions extérieures dues à l'eau de ruissellement du toit poussant sur la fondation.
Pourquoi est-il difficile de donner un devis précis pour un projet de rénovation d'une vieille maison avant de démanteler l'intérieur de celle-ci?
-C'est difficile car il faut voir l'état réel des structures internes et identifier les problèmes spécifiques à résoudre pour donner un devis précis et éviter de se retrouver dans une situation imprévue.
Quel est le rôle du 'vapor retarder' dans la construction et pourquoi est-il souvent installé de manière incorrecte?
-Le 'vapor retarder' est un matériau utilisé pour empêcher la vapeur d'eau de passer à travers les murs et le plancher. Il est souvent installé de manière incorrecte car il doit être placé du côté chaud, ce qui n'est pas toujours le cas.
Quels sont les trois problèmes principaux liés à la construction moderne dues à la hausse de l'efficacité énergétique des bâtiments?
-Les trois problèmes principaux sont le radon, le monoxyde de carbone et la moisissure, tous deux étant des problèmes qui peuvent survenir lorsque les bâtiments sont trop étanches.
Quel est le plan de Rich pour élever et niveler le plancher de la maison?
-Le plan consiste à utiliser des jacks pour élever la structure, installer de nouveaux plates et de nouveaux supports, niveler les planchers avec des poutres additionnelles et des cales, puis à long terme, peut-être insuffler de la chaleur dans l'espace pour réduire l'humidité.
Pourquoi est-il important de s'assurer que la toiture d'une maison ne fuit pas avant de procéder à d'autres travaux de rénovation?
-C'est important car une toiture qui fuit peut endommager les nouveaux matériaux de construction et rénovation, rendant inutile et coûteux le travail de rénovation effectué.
Quels sont les éléments clés à considérer pour assurer que la maison rénovée sera capable de gérer les changements climatiques et de rester confortable en hiver comme en été?
-Les éléments clés incluent l'assurance d'un bon isolement thermique, la gestion de l'humidité, l'évacuation de l'eau de ruissellement, et l'installation de systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation appropriés.
Outlines
🏗️ Rénovation d'une maison ancienne à Saratoga Springs
Le script présente un passionné d'architecture et de construction qui se concentre sur la rénovation de maisons en utilisant des techniques et des connaissances en science du bâtiment. Il discute avec des professionnels sur les défis de leur travail quotidien et les solutions qu'ils apportent. Dans ce cas, il visite sa ville natale, Saratoga Springs, où il rencontre Rich Martin, un entrepreneur confronté à la tâche de niveler le sol d'une maison vieille de 70 à 80 ans. L'exposition révèle des problèmes de base tels que des dégâts causés par des insectes et une fondation affectée par l'érosion. L'entretien explore les considérations pour redresser et niveler les planchers, la nécessité de comprendre les problèmes structurels avant de proposer une solution, et l'importance de conserver les anciens matériaux de construction tels que les planchers en chêne.
🛠️ Prévention des problèmes de construction et restauration de maisons
Dans ce paragraphe, l'accent est mis sur l'importance d'une bonne planification et d'une compréhension approfondie des problèmes de construction avant de commencer des travaux de rénovation. L'inspecteur de maisons, qui a inspecté plus de sept mille maisons, partage ses connaissances sur les erreurs courantes et les bonnes pratiques. L'inspecteur et le constructeur abordent les questions de la réparation des marches, la nécessité d'un toit étanche et d'une fondation solide pour assurer la longévité d'une maison. Ils discutent également des problèmes d'humidité et de la manière dont la mauvaise installation d'un bâchage peut exacerber ces problèmes, soulignant l'importance de la prévention des problèmes liés à l'humidité et de la protection contre les insectes et les rongeurs.
🏡 Amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique et des conditions de vie
Ce paragraphe traite de la mise à niveau d'une maison ancienne pour qu'elle réponde aux normes modernes de science du bâtiment et de confort. L'équipe discute des méthodes pour élever et niveler le plancher, y compris l'utilisation de poutrelles et de jacks pour soulever la structure. Ils envisagent également d'installer un nouveau seuil avec une jointure étanche pour prévenir l'entrée d'humidité et d'insectes. L'importance d'un isolement approprié des murs extérieurs et de la gestion de l'humidité est soulignée, ainsi que la nécessité d'adapter la maison pour gérer les défis liés au climat des quatre saisons, y compris la réduction des émissions de radon, de monoxyde de carbone et de moisissure, qui sont devenues plus prévalentes à cause des maisons plus étanches.
👷♂️ Travaux pratiques de rénovation et restauration de la structure
Dans ce dernier paragraphe, les travaux de rénovation sont en cours, avec l'équipe qui jacke la structure pour la redresser et la niveler. Ils mettent en place de nouveaux éléments structuraux, y compris des cellules et des panneaux, et préparent le sol pour un nouveau dallage. L'objectif est de restaurer la maison à son état original, en intégrant des méthodes modernes pour assurer une meilleure performance et durabilité. L'équipe travaille également sur la planification des étapes suivantes, telles que la finitions et la mise en œuvre de mesures de weatherization pour assurer que la maison est bien protégée et confortable pour l'habitation.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡construction
💡rénovation
💡planification
💡fondation
💡niveau de plancher
💡termites
💡fourmis charpentières
💡rétrodévissage
💡isolation
💡rénovation vertueuse
💡climatisation
Highlights
The builder and remodeler's passion for building science and using proper techniques to create smarter, better-designed, and longer-lasting homes.
Importance of understanding old inventory and the challenges of working with very old houses in the New England upstate New York area.
The builder's experience of 51 years in construction and over 7,000 house inspections, providing insight into common mistakes.
Project overview of a house from the 1930s or 1940s, gutted to understand its framing and structural additions.
The necessity of adjusting floors due to structural issues and bug infestation affecting the foundation and support structures.
Strategies for deciding how to approach a floor system redo, including assessing foundation issues and plate deterioration.
The importance of matching existing hardwood floors during renovation to maintain aesthetic continuity.
Observations of the original porch floor leveling attempts and the challenges of addressing uneven floors.
Analysis of the causes of structural issues, including bug infestation, water damage, and external pressure from roof runoff.
The need for a detailed evaluation before providing a budget or scope of work for renovation projects.
The process of correcting steps and floor levels, including the use of five four by fours and plywood.
Emphasis on the importance of a sound roof and proper foundation drainage for long-lasting house construction.
The inspection of the crawl space revealing moisture issues, termite damage, and incorrect insulation placement.
The plan to raise the floor by using beams, jacks, and a new concrete slab to address unevenness and structural integrity.
The role of modern building science in adapting old houses to meet current standards for heating, air conditioning, and climate control.
The challenges of energy-efficient houses, including the issues of radon, carbon monoxide, and mold due to reduced air changes.
The builder's approach to addressing moisture, termite, and carpenter ant issues during the renovation process.
The final steps of the renovation, including re-leveling the floor, installing new sill plates, and ensuring proper insulation and weatherproofing.
Transcripts
I'm out the home builder and
remodeler from Saratoga Springs New York
building smarter better designed and
longer-lasting homes using proper
techniques and building science is my
passion I'll be talking to pros around
the country about issues that affect
their daily work and how they overcome
them
this is building science hey so we're
out we're in Saratoga Springs this week
my hometown
gonna be meeting with rich Martin and
tell you when I think about Saratoga the
New England upstate New York area think
about a lot of old inventory guess some
of the oldest houses in the country up
here get two and three hundred year old
houses it's a mole posted being rough
cut timber houses so it's really
interesting even though we got a
fast-growing area on the new
construction is booming out here it's
really important as a carpenter in these
areas if you know how to do that stuff
you're really interesting to see what
rich is up against while he's trying to
read level an old floor right now so we
look forward to going out and seeing
[Music]
morning rich morning Matt good to see
you again good to see you too well
thanks for having us out here today so
you got a pretty interesting project
we're working on an old house tell us a
little bit about what's going on here
and what got you into this business well
what got me into the business is that I
knew construction I guess from when I
was a little guy so I've been doing this
for 51 years also have an inspection
business we've inspected over seven
thousand houses what's nice about that
is I get to see things wrong and a lot
of places from a lot of different
builders and so forth but this here
project is a house that I estimate was
probably built in the 30s or the 40s and
what we've done is totally gutted the
inside of this house so we can see the
framing nature of all the way it's put
together the additions that were made
the original house everything's a little
bit different on this particular house
before we get too carried away we're
going to adjust these floors this was a
porch at one time sitting out here and
they converted into part of the living
space floors a little out of whack some
of the other floors are out due to
either structural issues with the
foundation and bug infestation we've got
some plates that have been eaten up so
we're gonna try to straighten that thing
out and that's our first goal so when
you get into something like this and
you're gonna redo a floor system what
makes you really decide on how you're
gonna attack that project well I think
you're looking at both the top side and
the bottom side and to what extent we
think it's going to take to raise that
floor up and level it based on what we
see whether it's a foundation issue or
the plate deteriorating we'll make a
decision on how we're going to take it a
apart and replace what we have to
replace they've added to the floor maybe
adding to the floor is not an option
anymore we've got some decent hardwood
floors in here that we'd like to match
up to so that's part of the
consideration also well let's go look at
what we got take a peek awesome
[Music]
but inside here Matt and you can see
what we're what we're looking at here in
fact as you come through you can see
that was the original door to the house
and this was a porch that was I think
edit or adjusted later roof wise and so
forth and as you look in here you can
see some of the situation's that we're
going to address you can see that
somebody took what I think is the
original porch floor and tried to level
that out a little bit they look beyond
that floor if you come over to this
section here we even see that the
original floor to the house is raised up
honest and but I just raised right here
is because of a stone foundation for the
house sits here so one of the things
that can cause a situation like this is
either bug infestation because the
support structures have been eaten and
or that gotten wet and rotted away or
we've had outside pressure from roof
runoff water pushing in on the
foundation creating it to move so
there's a number of different ways that
these situations can be created but I
think for a contractor to come in here
and to give a scope of work or a budget
plan the only way to know what you've
got if you're going to construct and
rectify these issues is to tear the
whole skin off the house and so we know
what that it's pretty difficult to give
you as a client a price on something
like this until we get to this stage and
we evaluate what we have to do to make
it structurally correct that's a really
big deal and a great tip for everybody
to say you know structure everything so
that you can do that peel back
understand what you're dealing with
before you get yourself you know bound
in a situation where you don't really
know what you're dealing with
so have a pre-imposed plan of demolition
we're gonna level that floor the first
thing I look at it what am I going to do
with the steps sure okay I've got an 8
inch rise coming up here if the
contractor doesn't think about oh my
goodness I'll ever like raise that 2
inches what am I going to do with that
extra 2 inches and do I have a cost
involved in correcting those steps
coming into I've seen him so bad we're
the way to correct them is with two five
four by fours you put him out in the
front lawn with a piece of plywood --nt
you're right for sale on it because
there are nothing left here
okay so we've got a situation where
somebody's got to come in and say the
owner comes in or whatever and says look
contractors say and this is what we've
got to do to fix this two things that we
need to fix a house to any extent we
need a roof that doesn't leak yep okay
no sense putting new sheetrock and
insulation in this if we don't have a
sound roof and we need the foundation
and a grader on this house that keeps
the roof runoff water away from the
foundation if we take care of those two
things you can build a house that'll
last for hundreds of years it's those
two elements that fail that take a house
down good the pest infestation doesn't
happen until the wood gets wet and the
wood gets wet because we don't have
proper drainage so consequently we have
whatever happened down here we're going
to get into crawl space we're going to
get into the basement and we're going to
see what we have to do to elevate this
and level it all up so we go downstairs
and take a look done let's take a peek
all right entrance to the crawlspace we
put this little tent up because we've
been running in and out of here and
pulled off the secure weatherproof
entrance to the crawlspace and I just
wanted to point out to you Matt here we
talked about it before about one of the
problems with structures settling down
or out of level floors and this is the
plate that came out of this building
right here set on top of these block
when you look at this the mud indicates
that that was termites and if you look
here you can see the termite tunnels
coming through the cracks of the block
working their way up to get into the
plate when we took this out the termites
were gone but this is full of carpenter
ants in here they come in later but all
those those fins like that is an
indication that the termites and just of
interest we didn't have termites up in
this part of the country 4050 years ago
they've been migrating slowly from the
south and as you know termites live out
somewhere out in the lawn somewhere but
the carpenter ants after they moved in
there within the house and the structure
itself and again they only attack wood
it's wet so that's why it's so important
about keeping the water away from these
the foundation walls so we're going to
climb in here and see
we've got one of the things you see is
whoever put the insulation and put it in
upside down yeah this should have been
against the living space instead of the
cold space in there not that that's a
huge detail but as you can see it's all
coming down and we're gonna take it all
out okay so that vapor retarder and
that's often done incorrectly we see
that a lot
that's correct reveling around that the
vapor retarder wants to go to the
conditions on the warm side that's
exactly right
so then somebody came down to add a
little bit more protection and they put
up this rigid foam and that just made it
worse because now we've got two vapor
barriers and the condensation builds in
between them as you look around at the
whole foundation you can see that the
plate that we just talked about outside
where the termites is completely gone
underneath that section and that these
floor joists are not sitting on anything
that would even create anything level
you can also see that the foundation
wall here has got some cracks in it and
it was laid up by somebody that I
wouldn't say it was a professional mason
but this needs to all be pointed up in
here so that we can structurally it's
not too bad as you look down the wall
there's a couple of block out or in that
can be adjusted when we raise this floor
of it and the reason we're saying raise
the floor up because what I see from
down here Matt these floor joists look
to be in fairly decent condition they do
they're not bad they're rough cut lumber
but they don't look bad at all which
indicates to me that maybe we can come
down here put a beam in here drop girder
a couple of jacks and raise this thing
up high enough to get it up no matter
what the level is upstairs but to be
able to put a plate in all the way
around with sill seal and then what you
would do on this grade in here is big
this out a little bit and probably pour
what we would call a rat slab which is
just a concrete cap across this maybe
two inches thick polyethylene on the
ground first before the concrete so it
stops the moisture from coming up into
the area once we secured this thing and
got it straight the new joists that it's
jacked up into place somebody could make
a decision I'm gonna insulate the
exterior walls instead of the floor
that makes sense tea if we can stop the
coal from coming in the wall we don't
need so much of this insulation in
depending upon the heating system that
you have
you might even condition this space by
bringing some heat in whether it be by
warm air or a piece of baseboard element
hot water so that we keep the dampness
out of here by keeping this heated if we
keep this heated we can eliminate
ventilating and worrying about this
because it gets damp and then like we
talked about before also create a grade
outside to keep all the roof runoff
water away from this foundation those
effervescence that you see up there on
the Block are an indication that there's
water outside of those block that's the
water that comes through the Block in
evaporates just like if you had a pan of
water on the stove and you boiled it
you'd be left with those so just to be
clear rich what I'm hearing you say is
you guys are gonna real 'evil this floor
out by removing some of the dirt prepare
everything down here you remove all the
old insulation get it out pour a new
slab down on the base and that will
allow you checking this floor up to the
right elevation installing a new a new
sill plate with sill seal everything
like that repoint
all of the the old block work and reseal
everything before the insulation goes on
then you're gonna be able to insulate
the perimeter walls making sure that you
have all of these pieces and parts you
know setup and instructional II secure
weather proofed and insulated well
before you kind of move on to the
finishes the reason we're down here is
because once we got into this space and
we saw the moisture issues that have
created or helped created some of this
uneven floors we now appreciate that we
need to put the new plates and we need
to add those things to stop the termites
and the carpenter ants and the rodents
from getting into it so I don't want you
to think that we're doing more than we
have to as far as the scope of work of
raising the floor but these are things
that once everything is stripped and we
pull down the ceiling we now know our
part of the entire process to put the
house back the way it should be yeah and
with these modern houses I mean it's
very different when we think about
houses that were
in the 20s as opposed to a house now
when we start thinking about dramatic
climate changes from the outside the
inside of the house and thinking about
when people only really worried about
heating the home and now we're worried
about heating and air conditioning and
the house has to react quite a bit
different so you know making sure that
we can get this house up to modern
building science standards to make sure
that it can have both the heating side
of it and the air-conditioning side of
it and be protected from all those
things I think that's really great all
the pieces and parts that you're adding
in here to make sure this stays climate
controlled in a four-season climate
that's a really great thing one of the
things that we have today because of the
energy crisis of 77 is we've tightened
the houses up just like the two products
over our head vapor barrier and the
condensation was created because we
didn't have this back in the 20s and 30s
we had houses that had seven air changes
an hour
now that we've tightened the house up to
save energy
we're subject to new levels of problems
and the three largest are radon carbon
monoxide and mold and those three things
are new relative to what they were in
the 20s 30s and 40s I think that's
probably important to us anyway as
contractors to make sure we address all
those issues and not walk out of here
just by level and floors all right let's
get to work
let's go
[Music]
[Music]
so this is a layer of flooring they just
kept ripping things together they tried
to raise it back up can you see is it
has the floor descended they added more
shims here and then slowly kind of two
chins away as they got up to the end to
make sure that they could reel 'evil the
floor and then use the plywood base over
top of that to try to create a more
consistent substrate to catch back up to
the old shiplap subfloor in the original
building
[Music]
[Music]
so it's really awesome to be able to get
my hands dirty today and help everybody
out really great project is we're
reassuring this old House floor was
really cool to start stripping
everything down and come up with a great
game plan as to how this particular
situation was going to unfold itself so
because we had found out that the
addition was originally a porch and the
entire structure was built at a slant we
decided to Jack the entire building up
to get it back to level so you could see
where we got down into the crawlspace
today put the jacks in lifted everything
up put new cell plates in and then
because we had some extra time with the
carpenters we got up onto the top floor
put some of those pieces in the the
purlins onto the floor to shim
everything back up to the right
elevation kicked in some three-quarter
inch tongue and groove subfloor to get
that flush floor across with the old and
the new so they'll be able to blend this
floor back together really nicely when
they put the rest of the finished
hardwood floor on so in the meantime
we're gonna wait they get the concrete
to do still down in the basement they
got to get that chimney down patch the
roof back in and I think the
weatherization process is kind of a big
integral part of that to make sure that
they're waiting on keeping everything
dry to get the concrete done then
they'll get the chimney out get
everything in place and maybe get
another day or two here thanks for
watching building science Saratoga
Springs for more building science and
in-depth how to's check out our videos
[Music]
this demonstration is intended for
professionals only homeowners should not
attempt these projects without first
consulting a licensed professional
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