Conoce el material de TOMA DE MUESTRA para laboratorio clínico

Summary

This video explores the most common materials used for sample collection in clinical laboratories, focusing on blood and other biological specimens. It covers various tools such as multi-sample needles, syringes, lancets, and specialized equipment for different patient conditions, including the elderly and pediatric patients. The importance of biosecurity and proper disposal of needles is also highlighted. The video provides practical insights into tools like lancet devices for capillary blood tests, swabs for bacterial transport, and special containers for urine and stool samples, emphasizing the importance of using the correct materials to ensure accurate testing and safety.

Takeaways

• 😀 The most commonly used materials for sample collection in clinical laboratories are primarily blood samples and other biological specimens.
• 😀 Different types of needles are used for sample collection, including black, green, and yellow multi-sample needles, with black being thinner and green a standard size.
• 😀 Multi-sample needles are used with a holder or support, which ensures the needle stays securely attached during the procedure.
• 😀 Syringes, though less commonly used, are still preferred for blood collection in patients with fragile veins, such as elderly or pediatric patients.
• 😀 The 'butterfly needle' is a special device designed for patients with small or fragile veins, providing a safer and easier way to collect samples.
• 😀 Safety-engineered needles with protective caps prevent accidental needle sticks after use by covering the needle immediately after withdrawal.
• 😀 Used needles and other sharp objects should be disposed of in rigid puncture-resistant containers to prevent injury or contamination.
• 😀 Lancets are used for capillary blood sampling and can be adapted to lancet devices, often used for glucose tests and neonatal screening.
• 😀 For neonatal screening, blood samples are collected using a special filter paper card known as a Guthrie card, which includes areas to place blood drops and patient information.
• 😀 Arterial blood samples require special syringes designed for gas analysis, and their collection requires a different procedure, which is demonstrated in a separate video.
• 😀 Tourniquets are used to make veins more visible during blood collection. They should not be applied for more than a minute to avoid issues with blood flow or accuracy.
• 😀 Transport media such as Stuart's medium are used to preserve samples for bacterial cultures, and specific media exist for viral or PCR tests, depending on the type of sample being taken.

Q & A

What is the most commonly used material for sample collection in clinical laboratories?

The most commonly used material for sample collection in clinical laboratories includes needles for multiple blood draws, syringes, lancets, and specialized collection tubes. These materials are crucial for obtaining biological specimens such as blood or other fluids for analysis.

Why are multiple-use needles referred to by a brand name?

Although multiple-use needles are commonly referred to by a specific brand name, they are actually needles designed for blood draws using a vacuum. The brand name has become synonymous with the type of needle used in clinical settings.

What are the common sizes of needles used for blood draws?

The most commonly used needle sizes for blood draws are black and green. The black needle is finer, while the green needle is a standard size. There's also a yellow needle, although it is less commonly available.

What is the role of the holder or support in blood collection?

The holder, also known as a 'shirt' in older terminology, is used to securely attach the needle to the syringe or vacuum tube. It has a threaded connection to ensure that the needle stays in place during the blood draw.

When are conventional syringes preferred over multiple-use needles?

Conventional syringes are preferred in certain situations, especially when dealing with patients who have fragile veins, such as elderly or pediatric patients, as these patients' veins may not withstand the vacuum pressure of multiple-use needles.

What is the 'butterfly' needle, and why is it used?

The butterfly needle, also known as the 'winged infusion set', is a smaller, finer needle designed for use with patients who have delicate veins, such as elderly or pediatric patients. It allows for more precise blood collection with reduced risk of vein damage.

What is the safety feature in some vacuum needles?

Some vacuum needles come with a safety feature that covers the needle immediately after use, preventing accidental needle-stick injuries. This cap is designed to automatically cover the needle after the blood draw.

How should used needles and other sharps be disposed of?

Used needles and other sharps should be disposed of in a rigid, puncture-resistant container specifically designed for the disposal of such items, commonly referred to as a 'sharps container'. These containers are designed to minimize the risk of accidental injury.

What are lancets, and what are they typically used for?

Lancets are small, sharp devices used for making small punctures in the skin, often used in capillary blood tests like glucose testing. They can be used with or without a lancet device and are typically disposed of in a sharps container after use.

What is a neonatal screening card, and how is it used?

A neonatal screening card, also known as a Guthrie card, is used to collect blood samples for newborn screening. The card contains special filter paper where drops of blood are placed to test for metabolic disorders or other health conditions in newborns.