Princípios de Biópsia

Summary

This transcript provides an in-depth explanation of biopsy principles in a clinical setting, focusing on procedures such as aspiration biopsies, incisional biopsies, and excisional biopsies. It covers the different types of biopsies, including their indications, contraindications, and surgical steps, as well as the tools and materials used. The discussion includes essential considerations for handling tissue samples, proper post-operative care, and preparing biopsy specimens for histopathological analysis. The content offers a clear understanding of the clinical techniques and protocols involved in biopsies, essential for medical professionals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Biopsy is a surgical procedure where a fragment of tissue is removed for histological analysis to diagnose conditions.
• 😀 Biopsies are used when there is difficulty in clinical diagnosis, especially with persistent lesions or suspected malignancy.
• 😀 The main types of biopsies discussed include cytology, fine needle aspiration (FNA), incisional biopsy, and excisional biopsy.
• 😀 Cytology and FNA are used for aspirating fluids from cystic lesions or identifying different types of lesions.
• 😀 Incisional biopsy involves removing only a part of the lesion, typically when malignancy is suspected.
• 😀 Excisional biopsy involves removing the entire lesion and is often used for isolated lesions or malignancy.
• 😀 Surgical steps include checking the patient's vital signs, using antiseptics, anesthetizing the area, and making the necessary incision.
• 😀 After removing the lesion, it should be stored in a formalin container with proper labeling for preservation and analysis.
• 😀 Postoperative care involves cold compresses, pain management, and patient rest. Sutures are typically removed after 7 days.
• 😀 Proper documentation of patient information, lesion details, and fixatives used is essential for lab analysis and future reference.
• 😀 The speaker emphasizes the importance of careful handling and labeling of biopsy specimens to ensure accurate diagnosis and recovery.

Q & A

What is a biopsy and what is its purpose?

A biopsy is a surgical procedure used to remove a tissue sample from a lesion or abnormal area in the body. The purpose is to analyze the sample histologically to help confirm or rule out a diagnosis, particularly when the clinical diagnosis is difficult.

What are the different types of biopsies mentioned in the transcript?

The transcript mentions several types of biopsies: cytology, fine needle aspiration (FNA), incisional biopsy, and excisional biopsy.

What are the indications for performing a biopsy?

Biopsies are indicated when there are clinical difficulties in diagnosing a lesion, especially for persistent lesions that have not regressed over time, intraosseous lesions, lesions with suspicious malignant characteristics, or those affecting bodily function.

What is the role of fine needle aspiration in biopsies?

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is used to aspirate a sample from a lesion, often cistic or vascular in nature. It allows for the extraction of different types of fluids for analysis, helping identify the nature of the lesion (e.g., cystic, vascular, or cellular).

What is the difference between an incisional and an excisional biopsy?

An incisional biopsy involves removing a small portion of a lesion, usually when the lesion is large or difficult to access. An excisional biopsy, on the other hand, removes the entire lesion for analysis, often when malignancy is suspected or when the lesion is isolated.

What are the key steps in preparing for a biopsy procedure?

Preparation involves verifying the patient's vital signs, performing local antisepsis with 0.12% chlorhexidine, placing the patient in a sterile field, and selecting the appropriate instruments such as a scalpel, needle, and surgical sutures. Anesthesia is also administered before the biopsy.

What instruments are typically used during a biopsy procedure?

Common instruments for a biopsy procedure include a scalpel, scissors, needle, surgical drapes, surgical sutures, and a suction device for aspiration. Additionally, a fixative like formalin is used for preserving the biopsy sample.

How should a biopsy specimen be handled and stored?

The biopsy specimen should be placed in a container with a fixative like formalin. The container must be labeled with patient information, the procedure date, and lesion details to ensure proper identification and handling for histopathological examination.

What steps are involved in post-operative care after a biopsy?

Post-operative care includes monitoring the patient, applying cold compresses to reduce swelling, administering pain relief medications, and avoiding physical strain. The patient is scheduled for suture removal after seven days, and histopathological results are communicated once available.

What is the significance of documentation during the biopsy process?

Documentation is crucial for identifying the biopsy sample, including the patient's details, lesion history, and procedural information. It ensures accurate diagnosis and traceability throughout the analysis process. This includes completing a pathology request form that accompanies the specimen.