How to Build an Argument with Argument Alice (Ep 01)
Summary
TLDRDr. David introduces 'Argument Alice' to guide viewers through the fundamentals of building a debate argument. She emphasizes the three key components: claims, reasoning, and evidence, using the acronym CRE. Alice illustrates the process with the example of arguing against children having mobile phones, detailing the harmful effects of blue light on eyes and supporting the argument with evidence from a Washington Post article and a study by the University of Toledo.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ The importance of making an argument in a debate is emphasized as the most crucial element.
- 🏗️ An argument is constructed with three main components: claims, reasoning, and evidence, which can be remembered by the acronym CRE.
- 📝 A claim is a single, debatable assertion that states a point, distinct from a fact, which is not debatable.
- 🤔 Reasoning is the explanation for why a claim is valid, answering the question 'why' to support the claim.
- 📚 Evidence is used to prove the validity of a claim and convince the audience, including expert statements, research, and specific examples.
- 👀 The example provided in the script is that mobile phones may be harmful to kids' eyes, which serves as a claim in a debate.
- 💡 The reasoning for the claim about mobile phones includes the harmful effects of blue light, the inability of kids to stop looking at screens, and the difficulty for parents and teachers to control phone use.
- 🔍 Evidence from a Washington Post article and a study by the University of Toledo is used to support the claim about the negative effects of blue light on eyesight.
- 📈 The script illustrates how to structure a full argument within a speech, combining a clear claim, thorough reasoning, and solid evidence.
- 👥 The training encourages teamwork in building arguments for debates, highlighting the collaborative nature of debate preparation.
- 🍀 The script concludes with an encouragement to apply the learned skills in building arguments for future debates.
Q & A
What is the main purpose of the video script?
-The main purpose of the video script is to train viewers on how to construct effective arguments, emphasizing the importance of claims, reasoning, and evidence.
Who is the character 'Argument Alice' in the script?
-Argument Alice is a character introduced in the script to guide and train viewers on building expert arguments, illustrating the process with the concept of claims, reasoning, and evidence.
What are the three main building blocks of an argument according to the script?
-The three main building blocks of an argument are claims, reasoning, and evidence, which can be remembered by the acronym CRE.
What is the difference between a claim and a fact as presented in the script?
-A claim is an assertion or a debatable statement that requires proof, whereas a fact is a statement that is indisputable and not subject to debate.
How does the script define 'reasoning' in the context of an argument?
-Reasoning in the context of an argument is the explanation for why the claims are valid, essentially answering the question 'why is this true?'
What role does 'evidence' play in an argument as described in the script?
-Evidence in an argument is used to prove the claim's validity and to convince the audience of the claim's truth, often coming from expert statements, research, or specific examples.
Can you provide an example of a claim from the script related to mobile phones and kids?
-An example of a claim from the script is that 'mobile phones will be harmful to kids' eyes,' which is a debatable statement that the script then supports with reasoning and evidence.
What are the reasons provided in the script to support the claim about mobile phones being harmful to kids' eyes?
-The reasons provided include the harmful effects of blue light emitted by mobile phones, the inability of kids to stop looking at their phones, and the difficulty parents and teachers have in controlling mobile phone use.
What evidence is cited in the script to support the argument about the harmful effects of mobile phones on kids' eyes?
-The script cites a study from the Washington Post and researchers at the University of Toledo, which found that exposure to blue light from smartphones can lead to the growth of poisonous molecules in the eyes, causing macular degeneration.
How does the script suggest concluding an argument in a debate?
-The script suggests concluding an argument by summarizing the claim, explaining the reasons, and introducing the evidence to support the argument, as demonstrated in the example about mobile phones and kids' eyes.
What is the final advice given to viewers in the script regarding their debate preparation?
-The final advice is for viewers to work with their teammates to build arguments for their debates, applying the knowledge they have gained about claims, reasoning, and evidence.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Argument Building
Dr. David introduces Argument Alice, a character designed to teach debate training. The session focuses on the essential skill of making an argument, which is compared to building a house with three main components: claims, reasoning, and evidence (CRE). A claim is a debatable assertion, distinct from a fact. Reasoning provides the explanation for the validity of the claim, and evidence supports the claim's validity and convinces the audience. Argument Alice illustrates this with the example of a debate topic arguing against children having mobile phones, focusing on the claim that mobile phones are harmful to children's eyes.
🔍 Developing and Supporting an Argument
This paragraph delves deeper into the argument against children having mobile phones, providing specific reasons why they are harmful to their eyes. The reasons include the harmful blue light emitted by screens, the inability of children to limit their screen time due to engaging content, and the difficulty parents and teachers face in controlling mobile phone usage. To support these reasons, evidence from a Washington Post article citing a study by the University of Toledo is presented, which links blue light exposure to macular degeneration. The paragraph concludes with a structured argument that incorporates the claim, reasons, and evidence, demonstrating how to present a compelling case in a debate.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Argument
💡Claim
💡Reasoning
💡Evidence
💡Debate
💡Argument Alice
💡Foundation
💡Blue Light
💡Macular Degeneration
💡Expert
💡Research Reports
Highlights
Introduction of the debate training with the most crucial aspect: making an argument.
Argument Alice's role as a guide to train expert argument builders.
The three main building blocks of an argument: claims, reasoning, and evidence, remembered by the acronym CRE.
A claim is a debatable assertion, different from a fact.
The necessity of making a clear claim as the first step in an argument.
Reasoning as the explanation for why claims are valid.
The importance of asking 'why' to deliver reasons in a debate.
Evidence as the proof that validates and convinces the audience of the claim's truth.
Types of evidence: expert statements, research reports, articles, or specific examples.
The process of building an argument with claims, reasoning, and evidence demonstrated through a debate example.
Debate topic example: 'Kids should not be allowed to have mobile phones'.
Claim example: Mobile phones are harmful to kids' eyes due to blue light and bright images.
Reasoning behind the claim: the addictive nature of mobile games and videos, and the difficulty of parental control.
Evidence from a Washington Post article linking blue light exposure to macular degeneration.
The full argument structure in a speech format, combining claims, reasoning, and evidence.
The conclusion emphasizing the harmful effects of mobile phones on kids' eyes.
Encouragement for participants to build arguments for their debates using the learned structure.
Transcripts
[Music]
hello everybody dr david here we will
begin your debate training today with
the most crucial thing in a debate
making an argument to guide you through
the first step of your training i will
introduce argument alice alice's
superpower is making arguments she'll
show you how to do it good luck hello
everyone my name is argument alice and
my goal is to train you all how to be
expert argument builders
what is an argument exactly an argument
has three main building blocks building
an argument is like building a house
a house needs a floor or foundation
walls and a roof
we can't build a house without a roof
without a floor or walls
similarly we can't build an argument
without claims reasoning or evidence we
can remember this with the letters c r e
these are the pieces of our arguments
we begin with a claim
we support the claim with reasoning
and we prove our claim with evidence and
examples
first let's look at what a claim is
a claim is an assertion it is one single
sentence that states our point a claim
is different from a fact a fact is not
something we can debate about but a
claim is something debatable we have to
try to prove that it is true
let's look at the difference between a
fact and a claim
here is a fact
two plus two equals four we can't debate
this
here is a claim
most students love to take math classes
this claim is something we can debate
so the first step of any argument is
making a clear claim
second we need to follow our claim with
reasoning
reasons explain our point
reasons are simply the explanation for
why our claims are valid to deliver
reasons we just need to ask ourselves
why why is this true
how does this work sometimes our claims
seem obvious and it looks like we don't
need to explain in the debate however we
need to explain as much as we can
third and finally to complete our
argument we need evidence
evidence is what proves our claim is
valid and convinces the audience that it
is true
evidence can be statements from experts
research reports or articles or specific
examples we can find evidence from
articles books videos podcasts and other
sources of information we can also
provide examples from our everyday life
and experiences what is important is
that we have specific evidence and
examples to complete our arguments
so in summary
arguments have three main components
claim
state our point
reasoning explain our point
evidence prove our point
now let's look at an example of what
this looks like in a real debate
if our debate topic is
kids should not be allowed to have
mobile phones there are several possible
claims we can make to support the topic
one claim we could make is that mobile
phones will be harmful to kids eyes
if we want to provide reasons for the
claim that mobile phones will be harmful
to kids eyes we need to ask ourselves
why is this true let's come up with as
many reasons as we can why it is true
reason one
mobile phones have a light called a blue
light that's what allows us to see the
screen if kids look at this light too
much it will hurt their eyes mobile
phones have so many bright colors and
images that are too bright for kids eyes
reason 2
most kids cannot stop looking at their
mobile phones mobile phones have lots of
games and videos that kids like to watch
these games and videos are fun and
exciting and kids can't stop watching
them the bright colors and images are
very attractive to kids
reason 3 sometimes parents and teachers
can't control the mobile phone use
parents and teachers cannot watch their
kids at all times because they are busy
this means kids can look at their mobile
phones all day which is bad for their
eyes
so these reasons explain why phones are
harmful to kids and why it is difficult
for kids to stop looking at their phones
and why parents and teachers cannot
easily control the phones
now our argument is taking shape there
is only one more thing we need
evidence
how do we know that these arguments are
true is there any evidence or examples
we can provide that prove our claim is
true
we can find evidence and examples from
articles books podcasts and videos
i read an article from a newspaper
called the washington post from august
2018 and i found this evidence
a new study says that smartphones may
ruin your eyesight researchers at the
university of toledo in ohio have found
that exposure to blue light the glow
emitted from most smartphones tablets
and laptops promotes the growth of
poisonous molecules in your eyes leading
to macular degeneration
there are a lot of important words here
we would need to define overall however
this provides us good evidence for our
reasoning about blue light and its
impact on our eyes
so let's look at what the full argument
with claims reasoning and evidence would
look like in a speech
ladies and gentlemen my first argument
to support the topic that kids should
not be allowed to have mobile phones is
mobile phones are bad for kids eyes now
let me explain the reasons why this is
true first of all mobile phones have a
light called a blue light that's what
allows us to see the screen if kids look
at this light too much it will hurt
their eyes mobile phones have so many
bright colors and images that are too
bright for kids eyes
secondly most kids cannot stop looking
at their mobile phones mobile phones
have lots of games and videos that kids
like to watch these games and videos are
fun and exciting and kids can't stop
watching them the bright colors and
images are very attractive to kids
third sometimes parents and teachers
cannot control the mobile phone use
parents and teachers cannot watch their
kids at all times because they're busy
this means that kids can look at their
mobile phones all day which is bad for
their eyes now let me introduce some
evidence to support this claim a new
study says that smartphones may ruin
your eyesight researchers at the
university of toledo in ohio have found
that exposure to blue light the glow
emitted from most smartphones tablets
and laptops promotes the growth of
poisonous molecules in your eyes leading
to macular degeneration so ladies and
gentlemen we believe that kids should
not have mobile phones because they are
too harmful to kids eyes
now we have learned how to build an
argument we have learned what a claim
reasoning and evidence are we have seen
an example in a debate now you can work
with your teammates to build arguments
for your debates good luck
[Music]
you
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