PERAN AKUNTAN DALAM ORGANISASI

Summary

In this lecture, Barbara Gunawan explains the essential roles of management accountants within an organization. She discusses the difference between management accounting and financial accounting, focusing on how each serves different users, such as internal vs. external stakeholders. The lecture covers the strategic importance of cost management, budgeting, and the ethical standards in management accounting. Additionally, it emphasizes how management accounting aids decision-making, supports efficiency, and enhances value creation through cost-benefit analysis. The importance of professional ethics and the organizational structure related to management accounting are also highlighted.

Takeaways

• 😀 Financial accounting focuses on external users and adheres to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
• 😀 The output of financial accounting includes reports like the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
• 😀 Management accounting focuses on internal users and doesn't have to follow GAAP.
• 😀 Management accounting provides data that supports financial accounting, such as the cost of production used in income statements.
• 😀 The main goal of management accounting is decision-making, while financial accounting communicates a company’s financial position to external parties.
• 😀 Internal users, such as managers and employees, primarily use management accounting reports, while financial accounting reports are for external parties like investors and creditors.
• 😀 Management accounting looks forward to the future, while financial accounting focuses on past performance.
• 😀 Management accounting reports do not need to follow GAAP but should balance cost and benefits, whereas financial accounting reports must adhere to accounting standards.
• 😀 Financial accounting reports are typically presented on a fixed schedule (quarterly, annually), while management accounting reports can be generated as needed.
• 😀 The role of management accounting includes influencing employee behavior, while financial accounting has a more indirect impact on behavior.
• 😀 Management accounting plays a strategic role in aligning company capabilities with market opportunities, focusing on cost efficiency, product innovation, and timely delivery.

Q & A

What are the two main branches of accounting?

The two main branches of accounting are management accounting and financial accounting.

What is the primary focus of financial accounting?

The primary focus of financial accounting is on external users, and it must comply with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

What type of reports are produced by financial accounting?

Financial accounting produces financial statements such as the statement of financial position, income statement, comprehensive income statement, statement of equity changes, and cash flow statement.

How does management accounting differ from financial accounting in terms of users?

Management accounting is focused on internal users within the organization, while financial accounting is aimed at external users like investors, creditors, and government bodies.

What is the role of management accounting in decision-making?

Management accounting provides data that helps internal users make informed decisions, such as determining the cost of goods sold, budgeting, and strategic planning.

What does management accounting primarily focus on in terms of reports?

Management accounting focuses on creating reports that are forward-looking, such as cost of production, pricing strategies, and cost-benefit analysis.

How does the time horizon of reports differ between management accounting and financial accounting?

Management accounting reports are flexible and can be created whenever needed, focusing on future planning, while financial accounting reports typically cover past periods and follow fixed reporting timelines (e.g., quarterly or annually).

What is the significance of the cost-benefit approach in management accounting?

The cost-benefit approach in management accounting ensures that the costs incurred in preparing reports or making decisions are justified by the benefits derived from them.

What is the role of ethics in management accounting?

Ethics in management accounting is crucial for maintaining professionalism and integrity. The four key ethical standards are competence, confidentiality, integrity, and objectivity.

What are the key factors that influence a company's success in the market?

Key factors for success include cost efficiency, product quality, innovation, and timely delivery. These factors directly impact customer satisfaction and company profitability.