Rangkuman Materi PKN Kelas 9 Bab 6 Revisi 2018 Bela Negara dalam Konteks NKRI.

Summary

This educational video discusses the concept of national defense in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the 2018 revision of PPKN curriculum for 9th grade. It explains the legal foundation of 'bela negara' (defending the country), emphasizing the duty and rights of all citizens, not just the military and police. The video explores key historical struggles, such as physical and diplomatic efforts to defend Indonesia's sovereignty, including significant battles and negotiations like the Linggarjati Agreement and the Renville Agreement. The video also touches on threats to the unity of Indonesia and outlines ways citizens can contribute to defending the nation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Bela negara is the responsibility of every citizen, not just the military or police, and is defined by Indonesia's 2002 Defense Law as a love for the nation and a commitment to its survival.
• 😀 According to the Indonesian Constitution of 1945, citizens have the right and obligation to participate in the defense and security of the country.
• 😀 The TNI (Indonesian National Army) and the Polri (Indonesian National Police) have specific roles in national defense, with TNI focusing on military defense and Polri on maintaining security and law enforcement.
• 😀 The concept of national defense includes both physical and diplomatic efforts, with physical resistance involving various battles and struggles during Indonesia’s independence movement.
• 😀 Key historical events of physical resistance include the Surabaya Flag Incident, the Battle of Semarang, the Battle of Surabaya on November 10, 1945, and others that symbolized Indonesia’s fight for independence.
• 😀 Diplomatic efforts for independence included the Linggarjati Agreement, the Renville Agreement, the Roem-Royen Negotiations, and the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference (KMB), which contributed to Indonesia’s recognition and sovereignty.
• 😀 The Linggarjati Agreement (1946) marked a significant step where the Netherlands recognized Indonesia's sovereignty over Java, Sumatra, and Madura, setting the groundwork for the Republic of Indonesia.
• 😀 The Renville Agreement (1948) and the Roem-Royen Agreement (1949) were key diplomatic steps to bring an end to the armed conflict and move towards a peaceful resolution.
• 😀 The threat to Indonesia's sovereignty was not only from external forces like the Dutch but also from within, including social unrest, radical ideologies, and internal political instability.
• 😀 Efforts to maintain and defend the Republic of Indonesia include educational programs, military training, and active citizenship in various sectors such as politics, economics, and security, as outlined in the Defense Law.

Q & A

What is the meaning of 'bela negara' as defined by Law No. 3 of 2002?

According to Law No. 3 of 2002 on National Defense, 'bela negara' (defending the state) is the attitude and behavior of citizens, motivated by their love for the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, to guarantee the survival of the nation and state. It is both a right and an obligation for every citizen.

What does Article 27, Paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution state about defending the country?

Article 27, Paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia states that every citizen has the right and obligation to participate in national defense efforts.

What are the two main forms of national defense efforts discussed in the script?

The two main forms of national defense efforts are physical struggle (such as battles and military actions) and diplomatic struggle (such as negotiations and treaties).

What was the significance of the 'Insiden Bendera' in Surabaya?

The 'Insiden Bendera' on September 19, 1945, occurred when the Dutch raised the Dutch flag over the Yamato Hotel in Surabaya. This act angered the local residents, leading two young men to climb the hotel and tear down the Dutch flag, replacing it with the Indonesian flag. This was a pivotal moment in the struggle for independence.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Surabaya on November 10, 1945?

The Battle of Surabaya on November 10, 1945, began after the British and their allies demanded that Indonesians surrender their weapons. The youth in Surabaya, led by figures like Bung Tomo, organized a fierce resistance, marking a significant moment in Indonesia's fight for independence. It has since been commemorated annually as Heroes Day.

What role did the TNI (Indonesian National Army) play in defending the country?

The TNI serves as the primary defense force of the NKRI, tasked with upholding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. The TNI is also responsible for defending the nation against external threats and supporting national defense through mandatory military service for citizens.

What is the main purpose of the Komisi Tiga Negara (KTN) during the Renville Agreement?

The Komisi Tiga Negara (KTN), consisting of representatives from the United States, Belgium, and Australia, acted as a neutral party in the Renville Agreement. Its role was to mediate between Indonesia and the Netherlands to reach a ceasefire and address the issues of the Dutch presence in Indonesia.

What were the results of the Linggarjati Agreement?

The Linggarjati Agreement (November 10–15, 1946) resulted in the Dutch recognizing the de facto sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia over Java, Sumatra, and Madura. It also laid the groundwork for the creation of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS), a union with the Dutch monarchy as its symbolic head.

What does the term 'gerilya' (guerrilla warfare) refer to, and how was it significant to Indonesia's independence?

Gerilya, or guerrilla warfare, refers to a form of irregular warfare in which fighters use tactics such as ambushes, raids, and mobility to combat a more powerful enemy. During Indonesia's independence struggle, guerrilla warfare was led by General Sudirman and was crucial in continuing the fight against Dutch forces, even during times of physical exhaustion or ill health.

What were the threats to Indonesia's sovereignty discussed in the script?

The threats to Indonesia's sovereignty included both internal and external factors. Internally, there were risks like disintegration, economic inequality, and attempts to replace Pancasila with other ideologies. Externally, Indonesia faced military aggression from the Dutch, particularly through military operations in 1947 and 1948.