ALKOKSI ALKANA ( ETER ) : TATA NAMA DAN ISOMER FUNGSI

Summary

This video explains the concept of alkoxy alkanes, which are derived from alkanes with the general formula CnH2n+2O. It covers their naming conventions based on IUPAC and trivial methods. The process includes determining the alkoxy and alkane groups, numbering the alkane chain, and identifying alkyl branches. Several examples of alkoxy alkane compounds are provided along with their structural formulas and names. The video also discusses functional isomerism, highlighting how ethers and alcohols with the same molecular formula can differ in functional groups, with examples like ethanol and dimethyl ether.

Takeaways

• 😀 Alkoxy alkane compounds are derivatives of alkanes with the general formula CnH2n+2O and feature an alkyl group attached to an oxygen atom.
• 😀 The alkyl groups in alkoxy alkanes can be the same or different, leading to various compound names.
• 😀 In IUPAC naming, the alkoxy group is named first, followed by the alkane name. The alkoxy group is the one with the shorter carbon chain.
• 😀 The alkane portion is named using the same rules as for hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, etc.), based on the number of carbon atoms.
• 😀 Alkoxy groups are named by adding the suffix 'oxy' to the alkyl name (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy).
• 😀 For naming alkoxy alkanes, the numbering of the alkane chain is done to give the lowest possible number to the carbon attached to the oxygen of the functional group.
• 😀 When branches (substituents) are present on the alkane, their names are ordered alphabetically, and prefixes like di- and tri- are used for multiple identical branches.
• 😀 A systematic example for naming: for a structure where the alkyl group is CH3 (methoxy) and the alkane part is CH3 (methane), the name is methoxymethane.
• 😀 Trivial naming for ethers is more straightforward, often listing the two alkyl groups followed by 'ether' (e.g., dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether).
• 😀 Functional isomerism occurs between ethers and alcohols because both have the same molecular formula (e.g., ethanol and dimethyl ether, or propanol and ethyl methyl ether).

Q & A

What are alkoxy alkanes, and how are they structured?

Alkoxy alkanes are compounds derived from alkanes where an alkoxy group (-O-R) replaces a hydrogen atom. The general formula is CnH2n+2O, and the functional group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups, which can be the same or different.

What is the basic rule for naming alkoxy alkanes according to IUPAC?

In IUPAC nomenclature, alkoxy alkanes are named by combining the alkoxy group with the alkane name. The shorter alkyl group becomes the alkoxy part, while the longer alkyl group is named as the alkane.

How are alkyl groups named in alkoxy alkanes?

Alkyl groups in alkoxy alkanes are named similarly to those in hydrocarbons. For example, a group with one carbon is named 'methyl' (CH3), two carbons as 'ethyl' (C2H5), and so on. The alkoxy group gets an '-oxy' suffix.

How do you determine the numbering of the carbon atoms in an alkoxy alkane?

The numbering of the carbon atoms in the alkane chain is done to ensure the functional group (-OH) and alkoxy group are attached to the lowest numbered carbon atoms possible.

Can you provide an example of how to name an alkoxy alkane with both alkyl groups of different lengths?

For example, if the alkoxy group is CH3 (methoxy) and the alkyl group is C3H7 (propyl), the alkane is propyl, and the name of the compound would be 'methoxypropane'.

What is the process for naming alkoxy alkanes when there are multiple alkyl branches?

If multiple alkyl branches are present, the branches are listed in alphabetical order. If there are identical branches, prefixes like 'di-', 'tri-' are used.

What are the key differences between alkoxy alkanes and ethers in terms of naming?

Ethers are similar to alkoxy alkanes, with the general formula R-O-R. In trivial naming, ethers are named by simply listing the two alkyl groups followed by the word 'ether'.

What is the IUPAC naming rule when there are multiple alkyl branches in an alkoxy alkane?

When multiple alkyl branches are involved, you list the alkyl branches alphabetically and use prefixes like 'di-', 'tri-' if there are multiple identical branches.

How do isomeric functions, such as alcohol and ether, differ based on molecular formula?

Isomeric functions occur when compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. For instance, alcohols have a hydroxyl group (-OH), while ethers have an ether group (-O-), despite sharing the same molecular formula.

Can you explain how the IUPAC naming rule applies to alkoxy alkanes with examples?

In IUPAC naming, you first identify the alkyl groups attached to the oxygen, name the shorter group as the alkoxy part, and then the longer chain as the alkane. For example, 'methoxypropane' for CH3O-CH2CH3.