Peringatan Harlah Pancasila 2023 | Tinjauan Historis Pancasila

Summary

The video recounts the pivotal moments leading up to Indonesia's independence. It begins with the dissolution of BPUPKI and the formation of PPKI, followed by key decisions, including Soekarno and Hatta's appointment as President and Vice President. The script highlights significant moments, such as the drafting of the 1945 Constitution and the alteration of the Jakarta Charter, which initially included controversial words. The narrative underscores the collective effort of the founding figures, particularly Soekarno's prominent role in shaping Indonesia's independence and national ideology, Pancasila.

Takeaways

• 😀 BPUPKI (Investigating Agency for the Preparation of Indonesian Independence) was dissolved on August 7, 1945, after completing its task.
• 😀 Japan approved the formation of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), although the committee's role was unclear in Japan's plan for Indonesia.
• 😀 The PPKI was officially formed on August 12, 1945, with Soekarno as the chairman, Muhammad Hatta as vice-chairman, and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat as another vice-chairman.
• 😀 The initial PPKI had 21 members, representing Java, Madura, Sumatra, and Eastern Indonesia, including one Chinese representative.
• 😀 A meeting between PPKI leaders and Marshal Terauchi in Saigon, Vietnam, initially scheduled for August 25, 1945, was advanced to August 16, 1945, due to rapidly changing political circumstances.
• 😀 On August 16, 1945, Soekarno and Hatta were taken by youths to Rengasdengklok, which led to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence on August 17, 1945.
• 😀 The first PPKI session was held on August 18, 1945, following Indonesia's independence declaration.
• 😀 Following the independence declaration, six new members were added to the PPKI: Ahmad Soebardjo, Sayuti Melik, Ki Hajar Dewantara, and Kasmantri.
• 😀 During the first PPKI session on August 18, 1945, Soekarno and Hatta were chosen as President and Vice President of Indonesia.
• 😀 The PPKI approved the Jakarta Charter as the opening of Indonesia's Constitution (UUD 1945), with a controversial amendment to the phrase 'Ketuhanan dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam bagi pemeluknya' (Godhead with the obligation to follow Islamic law for its followers), replacing it with 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (One Supreme God).

Q & A

What was the significance of the dissolution of BPUPKI on August 7, 1945?

The dissolution of BPUPKI marked the completion of its task of preparing Indonesia for independence. Following its dissolution, the Japanese government approved the formation of PPKI, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence.

Why was the formation of PPKI necessary after BPUPKI was dissolved?

PPKI was necessary because, under Japanese plans, there was no clear structure for Indonesia's future as an independent nation. The Indonesian leadership seized the opportunity to form PPKI, an organization dedicated to preparing for the country’s independence.

What was the role of Soekarno and Hatta in the formation of PPKI?

Soekarno was appointed as the chairman of PPKI, while Muhammad Hatta was named the vice chairman. Both played crucial leadership roles in the formation of the body and in the subsequent declaration of Indonesia's independence.

What was the composition of PPKI at its inception?

Initially, PPKI had 21 members: 13 from Java and Madura (including one Chinese representative), 3 from Sumatra, and 5 from the eastern islands of Indonesia.

What was the significance of the meeting between PPKI leadership and Marshal Terauchi in Saigon, Vietnam?

The meeting with Marshal Terauchi was part of the Japanese government's plan, but the PPKI leadership accelerated their meeting schedule in response to rapid political developments, leading to the declaration of Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945.

Why was the first official PPKI meeting delayed until August 18, 1945?

The meeting was delayed due to the events surrounding the declaration of Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. After the declaration, the first official PPKI meeting was held in a climate of joy and national euphoria.

How did the composition of PPKI change after the proclamation of independence?

Following the proclamation of independence, Soekarno suggested adding six more members to PPKI, including Ahmad Soebardjo, Sayuti Melik, Ki Hajar Dewantara, and Kasmantri, to reflect the new political realities.

What key decision did PPKI make on August 18, 1945, regarding the leadership of Indonesia?

On August 18, 1945, PPKI officially appointed Soekarno as the President and Muhammad Hatta as the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia.

What was the *Piagam Jakarta* and what changes did PPKI make to it?

The *Piagam Jakarta* (Jakarta Charter) was a draft preamble to the 1945 Constitution. PPKI approved it with one key change: the phrase *Ketuhanan dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya* was amended to *Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa*, a modification that led to controversy.

What does the Pancasila represent, and how was it conceptualized?

Pancasila is the foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia, consisting of five principles that represent the country’s values. Its conceptualization was a collaborative effort involving many groups, but the leadership of figures like Soekarno played a central role in shaping its final form.