How to Conduct a Research Interview

Summary

This guide provides essential tips for conducting a successful research interview. It covers choosing the right setting, explaining the interview's purpose, and obtaining consent to record. The script introduces four types of interviews—informal, general, standardized open-ended, and closed response—and outlines six key topic categories. Additionally, it emphasizes structuring the interview with clear, neutral questions, maintaining engagement, and managing transitions. Finally, it stresses the importance of verifying recordings and reviewing notes post-interview to ensure accuracy and clarity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Choose a setting with minimal distractions to ensure the interviewee is comfortable.
• 😀 Explain the purpose of the interview, confidentiality terms, and provide contact information for follow-up questions.
• 😀 Always ask for permission to record the interview or bring someone to take notes.
• 😀 There are four main types of research interviews: informal conversational, general, standardized open-ended, and closed/fixed response.
• 😀 Be mindful of the six types of questions: behavior, opinions/values, feelings, knowledge, sensory, and background/demographics.
• 😀 Begin with less controversial, factual questions to make the interviewee feel more at ease.
• 😀 Ask questions about the present before moving to the past or future to keep the interviewee engaged.
• 😀 Avoid asking 'why' questions, as they can make the interviewee feel defensive and hinder their responses.
• 😀 Encourage responses with non-verbal cues like nodding or smiling, and avoid showing strong emotions during the interview.
• 😀 Maintain a neutral tone and avoid expressing surprise or judgment when taking notes, as it could influence the interviewee's responses.
• 😀 After the interview, ensure that the recording worked, and make detailed notes, including any observations or emotional reactions from the interviewee.

Q & A

What is the first step in preparing for a research interview?

The first step is to choose a setting with minimal distractions to ensure the interviewee feels comfortable and focused.

Why is it important to explain the purpose and confidentiality of the interview?

It is important to establish trust and clarify how the information will be used, which helps the interviewee feel secure and willing to participate openly.

What should you explain about the format and nature of the interview?

You should inform the interviewee about the structure of the interview, how long it will take, and whether they can contact you later with any questions.

What are the four general types of research interviews?

The four types are informal conversational, general, standardized open-ended, and closed/fixed response interviews.

How does a standardized open-ended interview differ from a closed response interview?

In a standardized open-ended interview, all participants are asked the same questions, but they have freedom in how they respond. In contrast, a closed response interview limits participants to predefined answer options such as yes/no or numeric ratings.

What are the six basic types of topics or questions you can ask in an interview?

The six types are: 1) Behavior, 2) Opinions/Values, 3) Feelings, 4) Knowledge, 5) Sensory (what they saw, heard, etc.), and 6) Background/Demographics (e.g., age, education).

What is the recommended sequence for asking questions during an interview?

Start with facts to engage the interviewee, gradually move from present to past or future questions, and finish with questions allowing the interviewee to share any additional thoughts or questions.

Why should you avoid asking 'why' questions during an interview?

Asking 'why' questions can make the interviewee feel defensive, as they may perceive the question as requiring justification for their response.

How can the interviewer remain neutral during the interview?

The interviewer should avoid showing strong emotions or reactions to responses, keep their behavior neutral, and provide non-verbal encouragement, such as nodding or smiling, without influencing the interviewee’s answers.

What should you do after the interview to ensure the data is accurate?

After the interview, check that any recording devices worked properly, clarify any notes, record additional observations, and ensure that the interviewee knows how to contact you with further questions or concerns.