Proses Hilir Fermentasi

Summary

This lecture provides a detailed exploration of downstream processing in industrial microbiology. It covers essential stages like harvesting, separation, concentration, purification, and final product finishing. Key techniques such as centrifugation, filtration, precipitation, chromatography, and distillation are discussed, emphasizing their applications in recovering and purifying biological products. The goal is to optimize recovery, maintain product quality, and minimize costs, with an understanding that different products (intracellular vs extracellular) require tailored approaches. The lecture emphasizes the complexity and diversity of methods needed to ensure efficiency and sustainability in bioprocessing.

Takeaways

• 😀 Downstream processing (DSP) is the phase following fermentation, focusing on extracting and purifying the target product.
• 😀 Downstream processing involves two main types: intracellular products (inside the cell) and extracellular products (secreted into the medium).
• 😀 For intracellular products, the cells are harvested and then disrupted using methods like sonication or osmotic pressure to release the target product.
• 😀 For extracellular products, the medium containing the product is harvested and then concentrated using methods like centrifugation or filtration.
• 😀 Purification techniques for both types of products can include dialysis, precipitation, and chromatography to separate impurities and concentrate the target product.
• 😀 The goal of DSP is to efficiently recover the target product with minimal cost, high yield, and a high degree of purity.
• 😀 Common separation techniques include sedimentation, centrifugation, and filtration, each chosen based on particle size and density differences.
• 😀 For product purification, chromatography is often used, especially for high-value products, to separate the target substance from impurities.
• 😀 Techniques like distillation are used for separating liquids with different boiling points, particularly in the production of alcoholic beverages.
• 😀 The final finishing steps in DSP involve processes like crystallization or freeze-drying to ensure the product is stable, easy to consume, and has a long shelf life.

Q & A

What is the focus of the lecture in Week 4 of the industrial microbiology course?

The focus of the lecture is on downstream processing, which is a part of bioprocessing that follows fermentation. It aims to optimize techniques for purifying and concentrating products, ensuring high yield and low cost.

What are the main steps in bioprocessing as discussed in the lecture?

The main steps in bioprocessing include microorganism isolation, screening, media development, fermentation, and then downstream processing for product purification and concentration.

What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular products in downstream processing?

Intracellular products are found inside the cells and require cell disruption to extract them, using methods such as enzymatic treatment or mechanical disruption. Extracellular products are secreted into the fermentation medium and can be concentrated and purified directly from the medium.

What are some of the techniques used for cell separation in downstream processing?

Techniques for cell separation include sedimentation, centrifugation, and filtration. These methods are used to separate the cells from the fermentation medium.

How is product concentration achieved in downstream processing?

Product concentration is achieved through methods such as precipitation (e.g., ammonium sulfate precipitation), chromatography, and filtration. These methods concentrate the target product by removing impurities and excess medium.

What is the purpose of purification techniques like chromatography in downstream processing?

Purification techniques like chromatography are used to separate and purify the target product by exploiting differences in the physical and chemical properties of the product and impurities. This ensures the final product is pure and suitable for its intended use.

What is the role of distillation in the downstream processing of certain products?

Distillation is used to separate liquids based on their different boiling points. It is commonly applied in the production of alcoholic beverages or other liquid-based products where separation of components is necessary.

How are proteins or other high-value products typically purified in downstream processing?

Proteins and other high-value products are often purified using advanced techniques such as ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and electrophoresis. These methods provide high resolution and are crucial for ensuring purity in products produced in small quantities.

Why is it important to optimize the downstream processing techniques for cost-effectiveness?

Optimizing downstream processing techniques is crucial for minimizing production costs while maximizing product recovery. Efficient processes reduce waste, energy consumption, and time, making the overall production process more sustainable and profitable.

What are the finishing processes involved in downstream processing?

Finishing processes include crystallization, lyophilization (freeze-drying), and drying. These processes help to stabilize the product, extend its shelf life, and make it easier to transport or consume.