Seni Patung || Materi Seni Budaya Kelas 9

Summary

This video provides an introduction to the art of sculpture, exploring its definition, functions, and types. It covers the three-dimensional nature of sculpture and its evolution in Indonesia, from prehistoric times to modern artistic expressions. The video delves into different functions of sculptures, such as personal, social, and aesthetic purposes, and explains the classification of sculptures based on form—imitative, deformative, and non-figurative. Additionally, it highlights various materials and tools used in sculpture, including soft, medium, and hard materials. Techniques like carving, molding, and assembling are also discussed, offering a comprehensive overview of sculpture as both an art form and a craft.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sculpture is considered a form of 'plastic art' because it is three-dimensional and can imitate various forms, including humans, animals, and plants.
• 😀 The art of sculpture has a rich history in Indonesia, with diverse traditions from the prehistoric era to the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Java and Bali.
• 😀 Traditional sculptures often have religious purposes, such as honoring gods or ancestors, while modern sculptures are more about individual expression.
• 😀 Sculptures serve three main functions: personal (self-expression), social (commemorating events or figures), and aesthetic (enhancing spaces with beauty).
• 😀 Sculptures can be categorized into three types based on form: imitative (realistic), deformative (altered forms), and non-figurative (abstract).
• 😀 Materials for sculpture include soft materials like clay and wax, medium materials like wood, hard materials like stone, and casting materials like concrete and metals.
• 😀 Common tools used in sculpture include chisels for carving, rotating tables for shaping, welding tools for metalwork, and spatulas for smoothing materials.
• 😀 The carving technique involves removing material to shape the sculpture, while modeling involves adding and subtracting material to form the shape.
• 😀 Casting is a technique where liquid materials like plaster or metal are poured into molds to create sculptures.
• 😀 Assembling sculptures involves combining different materials like metal, wood, or paper to create a cohesive piece of art.

Q & A

What is the definition of sculpture as discussed in the video?

Sculpture is described as 'plastic art' or 'plastics art,' as it often mimics human forms, creating aesthetic or beautiful representations. It can also refer to objects in three dimensions or volumes, which can be viewed from multiple angles.

How is sculpture historically significant in Indonesia?

Sculpture has been part of Indonesian culture since prehistoric times, with nearly every region having a tradition of sculpture. For example, the Asmat people in Papua are known for their primitive sculptures, and during the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom period, sculpture was prominent in temples in Java and Bali.

What are the three main functions of sculptures?

The three main functions of sculptures are: personal function (created for individual expression, including religious purposes), social function (created to commemorate historical events or individuals), and aesthetic function (created purely for its beauty or decoration).

What is the difference between imitation, deformative, and non-figurative sculpture forms?

Imitative sculptures represent real-world forms such as humans, animals, or plants. Deformative sculptures alter these forms but retain some resemblance to the original. Non-figurative sculptures are abstract, moving away entirely from natural forms.

What are some examples of materials used in sculpture creation?

Materials include soft materials like clay, wax, and plasticine; medium materials like wood (e.g., sengon or mahogany); hard materials such as stone (e.g., granite or marble); and casting materials like cement, metal, or resin.

How are tools used in sculpture making?

Tools include a 'butsir' (a tool made from wood and wire), a rotating table for shaping the sculpture from different angles, chisels for carving hard materials, and trowels for adding or attaching material to the sculpture frame. Additionally, tools like electric or carbide welding tools are used.

What is the butsir tool used for in sculpture?

The butsir is a tool made from wood and wire, used in sculpture to shape or carve soft materials like clay.

What are the techniques involved in sculpture creation?

The main techniques in sculpture are: carving (reducing material using chisels), butsir (adding and removing material to shape it), casting (pouring materials into molds), and assembling (joining different materials to form a composition).

How does casting or molding work in sculpture?

In casting, a mold is created, and a mixture of materials such as cement or plaster is poured into the mold. Once it sets, the sculpture is formed.

What role do sculptures play in traditional and modern societies?

In traditional societies, sculptures often have religious significance, being used in worship or as tributes to ancestors or deities. In modern contexts, sculpture serves more as individual artistic expression, with a focus on aesthetic exploration and innovation.