3 PROSES KERANGKA BERFIKIR ILMIAH | FILSAFAT ILMU

Summary

This presentation introduces the concept of 'kerangka berpikir ilmiah' or 'scientific thinking framework,' explaining its meaning and significance. The framework consists of three key components: structure (kerangka), reasoning (berpikir), and scientific knowledge (ilmiah). The presentation covers various definitions by experts, different scientific thinking methods, and the role of logic and philosophy in acquiring knowledge. It emphasizes the importance of a structured approach to knowledge acquisition through empirical testing, the formulation and testing of hypotheses, and drawing conclusions. The talk also outlines the process of scientific inquiry and the necessary conditions for developing scientific theories.

Takeaways

• 😀 The term 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah' (Scientific Thinking Framework) consists of three parts: 'Kerangka' (Framework), 'Berpikir' (Thinking), and 'Ilmiah' (Scientific).
• 😀 A scientific thinking framework helps to generate valid, verifiable knowledge through a systematic and logical approach.
• 😀 The framework integrates existing knowledge to generate new insights and truths based on scientific methods.
• 😀 According to MCI (2021), the scientific thinking framework prepares the foundation for research questions that drive investigation.
• 😀 The Macmillan Dictionary defines the framework as a set of principles and ideas used to make decisions and discover new facts.
• 😀 Sugiyono (2014) views the framework as a strategy to connect theory with critical research issues that need to be solved.
• 😀 The Uma Sekaran (1962) definition describes the framework as a conceptual model that links theory and the identification of research problems.
• 😀 The Surya Sumantri (1956) definition emphasizes the scientific thinking framework as a process for organizing phenomena and solving research problems.
• 😀 There are several scientific thinking methods, including the 'Ida Method', 'Authority Method', 'Intuition Method', and the 'Scientific Method', each with different approaches to verifying truth.
• 😀 The scientific thinking framework includes three primary processes: Observation, Awareness of Problem-Solving, and Theoretical Explanation.
• 😀 A theory is considered scientific if it is consistent (no contradictions with existing theories) and supported by empirical testing that verifies its truth.

Q & A

What is the meaning of 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah' (Scientific Framework)?

Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah refers to a systematic process of acquiring knowledge based on empirical testing and theoretical analysis, aimed at achieving truth and understanding by integrating existing knowledge to produce new insights.

What are the three key components that make up 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah'?

'Kerangka' means a framework that supports or structures something else, 'Berpikir' refers to the movement of the mind from one point to another, and 'Ilmiah' indicates scientific knowledge, based on principles that can be proven through the scientific method.

What is the scientific method and how does it relate to 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah'?

The scientific method is a set of systematic steps used to obtain knowledge through experimentation and hypothesis testing. It is foundational to 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah' as it helps ensure that knowledge is accurate, testable, and verifiable.

What do scholars like MCI and McMillan say about 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah'?

MCI (2021) describes it as a process that organizes research questions to drive investigations. McMillan defines it as a set of principles and ideas used for decision-making in research, aimed at uncovering new facts.

According to Sugiyono (2014), what is the role of 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah' in research?

Sugiyono views 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah' as a conceptual strategy that connects theories with key research problems, guiding the research process towards solutions.

What are the four primary methods of scientific thinking mentioned in the transcript?

The four methods are: 1) Metode Keteguhan (Firmness Method) – holding onto beliefs that have long been accepted as true; 2) Metode Otoritas (Authority Method) – relying on expert opinions; 3) Metode Intuisi (Intuition Method) – accepting beliefs without requiring proof; 4) Metode Saintifik (Scientific Method) – relying on systematic scientific procedures for knowledge acquisition.

What is the scope of 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah' as discussed in the transcript?

The scope includes three main components: the scientific framework itself, logical reasoning expressed through language, and philosophy, which deeply explores knowledge in a radical manner.

What are the different stages of acquiring knowledge through 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah'?

The stages of acquiring knowledge are: 1) Historical knowledge, based on shared concepts; 2) Knowledge of objects, which includes scientific understanding of specific subjects; 3) The application of the scientific method to gain rational and empirical knowledge; and 4) A structured approach to knowledge, adhering to accepted scientific standards.

What are the three main processes involved in 'Kerangka Berpikir Ilmiah'?

The three main processes are: 1) Observation of specific phenomena; 2) Awareness of the problem and shifting from emotional to rational problem-solving; and 3) Formulation of theories to explain observed phenomena.

What criteria must a theory meet to be considered a scientific theory?

A scientific theory must meet two key criteria: 1) Consistency – it must not contradict existing knowledge; and 2) Empirical support – it must be validated through empirical testing.

Can you describe the 'Logical-Hypothetical-Verification' process in scientific thinking?

The 'Logical-Hypothetical-Verification' process involves five stages: 1) Problem formulation (clearly identifying empirical questions); 2) Hypothesis testing (through experiments or observations); 3) Hypothesis formulation (offering explanations for relationships); 4) Testing the hypothesis (gathering facts to support or refute the hypothesis); and 5) Drawing conclusions (evaluating whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected).