[SOSIOLOGI 11 SMT 1] Pengangguran Sebagai Permasalahan Sosial

Summary

In this video, Vivi explores the complex issue of unemployment as a social problem, breaking it down into various types such as frictional, seasonal, technological, voluntary, cyclical, and structural unemployment. She explains the causes and impacts of each type, including how economic shifts, technological advancements, and personal choices contribute to unemployment. The video also discusses the different characteristics of unemployment, including open, underemployment, and hidden unemployment. Lastly, it provides potential solutions to combat the issue, such as improving education, offering job training, and promoting migration to less populated areas.

Takeaways

• 😀 Unemployment is a broad issue that includes individuals not working, those seeking jobs, part-time workers, and even students who are of working age but not employed.
• 😀 Unemployment has significant social consequences, including economic decline and increased criminal activity due to financial hardship.
• 😀 Frictional unemployment is temporary and occurs when there’s a gap between jobs or when people are transitioning into the workforce.
• 😀 Seasonal unemployment arises in industries like agriculture, where workers are only needed during specific seasons, such as harvest time.
• 😀 Technological unemployment happens when machines or technology replace human workers, such as the shift from human toll booth attendants to automated systems.
• 😀 Voluntary unemployment refers to individuals who choose not to work, often because of financial security gained through inheritance or windfalls.
• 😀 Cyclical unemployment is tied to economic downturns, where job losses increase during recessions or financial crises.
• 😀 Structural unemployment is caused by long-term changes in the economy, such as shifts from agricultural work to service-based economies.
• 😀 Unemployment can be characterized as open (actively seeking work), underemployment (working less than full-time or below skill level), or hidden (those not actively looking for work, like students or homemakers).
• 😀 Solutions to unemployment include improving education and skills training, providing job information, establishing career development centers, and promoting population redistribution through initiatives like transmigration.

Q & A

What is unemployment according to the script?

Unemployment, or 'tuna karya,' refers to people who are not employed, which includes those actively seeking work, those working less than five days a week, and even students who choose to focus on their studies instead of working.

Why is unemployment considered a social issue?

Unemployment is considered a social issue because it leads to negative consequences such as economic downturns and the potential rise in crime, as unemployed individuals may struggle to meet their basic needs.

What are the six types of unemployment mentioned in the script?

The six types of unemployment are: 1) Frictional unemployment, 2) Seasonal unemployment, 3) Technological unemployment, 4) Voluntary unemployment, 5) Cyclical unemployment, and 6) Structural unemployment.

Can you explain what frictional unemployment is?

Frictional unemployment occurs temporarily due to a mismatch between job seekers and available positions, often triggered by events such as mass layoffs during a crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic.

What is seasonal unemployment?

Seasonal unemployment happens at certain times of the year, often related to industries that require labor only during specific seasons, like agricultural harvests.

How does technological unemployment occur?

Technological unemployment happens when human labor is replaced by machines or automation, as seen when jobs like toll booth attendants are replaced by automated systems.

What is voluntary unemployment?

Voluntary unemployment is when individuals choose not to work, often due to financial reasons such as inheriting money or receiving large rewards, allowing them to opt out of the workforce.

What does cyclical unemployment refer to?

Cyclical unemployment is linked to the economic cycle, where people lose jobs during economic downturns, such as during a recession or a global pandemic like COVID-19.

What is structural unemployment and how does it happen?

Structural unemployment occurs when there is a shift in the economy, such as changes in industries or regional economic patterns, like the shift from farming to tourism in some areas.

What are the three characteristics of unemployment as mentioned in the video?

The three characteristics of unemployment are: 1) Open unemployment, where individuals are completely jobless and not seeking work, 2) Underemployment, where people work less than 35 hours a week, and 3) Hidden unemployment, where people are not working at full capacity, such as students or housewives.