Sejarah konstitusi di Indonesia

Summary

On July 5, 1959, President Sukarno issued a decree reinstating the 1945 Constitution after the failure of the Constituent Assembly to establish a new constitution. This marked a pivotal moment in Indonesian history, shifting from liberal democracy to 'guided democracy' amid political instability and ideological divisions. The decree dissolved the Constituent Assembly and established new bodies like the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS), receiving widespread public and military support. This event set the stage for a new political order under Sukarno's leadership, significantly impacting Indonesia's governance and political landscape.

Takeaways

• 🇮🇩 The Presidential Decree was issued by President Soekarno on July 5, 1959, marking a significant event in Indonesian history.
• 📜 The decree reinstated the 1945 Constitution as the governing law of Indonesia after the failure of the Constituent Assembly to create a new constitution.
• 🗳️ The Constituent Assembly was formed from the 1955 elections, tasked with drafting a new constitution, but faced significant political conflict.
• ⚖️ The instability during the parliamentary democracy era hindered the government’s ability to effectively serve the public and maintain national unity.
• 🔄 The decree ended the temporary 1950 Constitution and the ineffective parliamentary system, leading to the establishment of guided democracy.
• 📅 On March 14, 1957, President Soekarno declared a state of emergency, which paved the way for the Presidential Decree.
• 🔍 The decree involved the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly and the formation of interim governing bodies, including the People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and the Supreme Advisory Council (DPAS).
• 👥 The Presidential Decree received widespread support from the Indonesian public and was upheld by the Army's Chief of Staff, Colonel A.H. Nasution.
• 📢 On August 17, 1959, President Soekarno delivered a famous speech titled 'Reinventing Our Revolution,' which became a political manifesto for the nation.
• 📊 The MPRS and DPR GR were established under the new system, emphasizing that sovereignty rests with the people, to be exercised through representative bodies.

Q & A

What significant event occurred on July 5, 1959, in Indonesia?

On July 5, 1959, President Sukarno issued a Presidential Decree that reinstated the 1945 Constitution as the country's governing document.

Why did President Sukarno issue the Presidential Decree?

The decree was a response to the failure of the Constituent Assembly to establish a new constitution and the political instability resulting from conflicts among political parties.

What was the role of the Constituent Assembly during this period?

The Constituent Assembly was tasked with drafting a new constitution to replace the temporary constitution of 1950, but it failed to complete this task due to political disagreements.

What were the main blocks within the Constituent Assembly?

The main blocks included the Pancasila Block, the Islamic Block, and the Social-Economic Block, each comprising various political parties with differing ideologies.

What did the Presidential Decree entail regarding the Constituent Assembly?

The decree dissolved the Constituent Assembly and reinstated the 1945 Constitution, effectively ending the temporary constitution of 1950.

How did the public and military respond to the Presidential Decree?

The Presidential Decree received full support from the Indonesian public, and military leaders, such as Colonel A.H. Nasution, ordered the Army to secure the decree.

What is the significance of the 1945 Constitution in Indonesian history?

The 1945 Constitution is significant as it serves as the foundational legal document of Indonesia, establishing the principles of the state and the rights of its citizens.

What political system was established following the decree?

The decree marked the beginning of a guided democracy era in Indonesia, moving away from liberal democracy and parliamentary systems.

What were the new political institutions formed after the decree?

New political institutions included the Temporary People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) and the Temporary Advisory Council (DPAS), aimed at stabilizing the government.

What was the content of Sukarno's speech on August 17, 1959?

Sukarno's speech, titled 'Rediscovering Our Revolution,' outlined the political manifesto for Indonesia, which was endorsed by the MPRS and DPR as the national policy framework.