Drugs release post parenteral administration

Summary

This video discusses parenteral drug administration, focusing on four common injection routes: intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous. Each route is explained in terms of technique, absorption rates, and typical use cases, such as allergy testing or medication delivery. The video also highlights the medical devices used for these injections, including syringes, infusion sets, and cannulas, detailing their specific applications and advantages. By the end, viewers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in administering parenteral medications.

Takeaways

• 💉 Intradermal injections are administered just below the epidermis at a 5 to 15 degree angle, ideal for allergy tests and local effects.
• 📍 Common sites for intradermal injections include the upper chest, inner forearm, and upper back, using a 26 or 27 gauge needle.
• 📏 Subcutaneous injections are delivered into the fatty tissue beneath the skin at a 45 to 90 degree angle, depending on the needle length.
• 🌟 This route is suitable for small volumes (less than 1 mL) and allows for depot formulations for prolonged drug release.
• 💪 Intramuscular injections are given at a 90 degree angle into muscle tissue, which has a greater blood supply, resulting in faster absorption.
• 📦 Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid, vastus lateralis, and gluteal muscles, typically using a 20 to 25 gauge needle.
• 🚀 Intravenous injections are administered directly into a vein, offering the fastest route for drug delivery and can be done as bolus or infusion.
• 🧪 The intravenous route includes intermittent and continuous infusions, allowing for precise control over drug delivery.
• 🔗 IV infusion sets consist of multiple components, including spikes, drip chambers, filters, and tubing, which facilitate fluid delivery.
• 🩸 Different infusion sets are designed for specific needs: micro drip for pediatric patients, macro drip for adults, and specialized sets for blood transfusions.

Q & A

What are the four common routes of parenteral drug administration discussed in the video?

The four common routes discussed are intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injections.

What is the primary purpose of intradermal injections?

Intradermal injections are primarily used for testing allergies, such as tuberculin or sensitivity tests, as they allow easy visualization of the body's reaction.

At what angle should intradermal injections be administered?

Intradermal injections should be administered at a 5 to 15-degree angle.

What is a key advantage of subcutaneous injections?

A key advantage of subcutaneous injections is that they can be given as depot formulations, allowing for a longer duration of action.

How does the absorption rate of intramuscular injections compare to subcutaneous injections?

Intramuscular injections are absorbed faster than subcutaneous injections due to the greater blood supply in muscle tissue.

What are the common sites for subcutaneous injections?

The common sites for subcutaneous injections are the abdomen, upper outer arm, and anterior thigh.

What type of device is commonly used for intravenous injections?

Intravenous injections often use a three-way stopcock to facilitate bolus administration or an IV infusion set for continuous delivery.

What is the difference between bolus administration and infusion in intravenous drug delivery?

Bolus administration involves giving a drug all at once or over a short period, while infusion involves administering a drug continuously over hours or days.

What is the purpose of color coding in IV cannulas?

Color coding in IV cannulas helps differentiate sizes and flow rates, making it easier to select the appropriate cannula in emergency situations.

How is a butterfly needle different from a standard needle?

A butterfly needle has wings and flexible tubing, allowing it to sit on more body surface and tolerate patient movement better than a standard straight needle.