PHARMACOLOGY Previous year questions - Second year BDS | 5minDentistry

Summary

This video covers important pharmacology questions for dental students, particularly those from Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR University, but also relevant to other universities. The video discusses key topics such as drug administration routes, factors affecting drug action, drug classifications, and important drugs in systems like the autonomic and central nervous systems, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. It also touches on anesthesia, chemotherapy, endocrinology, and emergency drugs in dentistry. The presenter highlights key study books and encourages viewers to suggest additional resources or topics for future videos.

Takeaways

• 📚 This video focuses on important pharmacology questions from previous exams, specifically for dental students at Dr. MGR University, Tamil Nadu.
• 📖 Recommended pharmacology books for dental students include those by BMAA UD Kumar, Tara Shanag, and KD Tripathi.
• 💊 Key topics include routes of drug administration, especially oral and IV routes, along with advantages, disadvantages, and special drug delivery systems.
• 🧬 Important drug interactions and processes to study include biotransformation, biological half-life, synergism, antagonism, drug tolerance, and adverse drug reactions.
• 🚑 For the autonomic nervous system, students should focus on cholinergic and anti-cholinergic drugs, adrenergic and anti-adrenergic drugs, along with specific examples like atropine and its substitutes.
• 💉 In dentistry, adrenaline's role with local anesthesia (LA) and its emergency uses are key topics, along with opioids like morphine and fentanyl for pain management.
• ⚠️ Shock treatment, especially anaphylactic and cardiogenic shock, is emphasized along with the use of ORS in hypovolemic shock and relevant drugs like metronidazole.
• 🧠 Central nervous system pharmacology includes benzodiazepines and drugs for treating epilepsy (e.g., phenytoin), with a specific focus on dental side effects like gingival enlargement.
• 🌬️ Respiratory and cardiovascular systems cover bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and ACE inhibitors, relevant to asthma and heart disease treatment.
• 💉 Anticoagulants, iron preparations for anemia, and blood-related drugs like aspirin and heparin are crucial topics in the blood and renal systems, along with diuretics and coagulants.

Q & A

What are the two main routes of drug administration discussed in the video?

The two main routes of drug administration mentioned are the oral route and the intravenous (IV) route. The oral route can be asked as an essay question, including its advantages and disadvantages.

What are some important topics related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in pharmacology?

Important topics in the ANS chapter include cholinergic drugs, anti-cholinergic drugs, adrenergic drugs, and anti-adrenergic drugs. Additionally, OPC poisoning, cholinesterase reactivators, atropine uses and toxicities, and skeletal muscle relaxants are also highlighted.

Which drugs are commonly used in dentistry for local anesthesia?

Common local anesthetics used in dentistry include lignocaine, xylocaine, and lidocaine. These drugs are frequently asked about in exams, particularly in relation to their adverse effects, both systemic and local.

Why is adrenaline important in dental pharmacology?

Adrenaline is important in dental pharmacology because it is often mixed with local anesthetics (LA) to prolong the effect and also acts as an emergency drug during dental procedures.

What are some key topics in opioid pharmacology that may be asked in exams?

Key topics in opioid pharmacology include the classification of opioids, the mechanism of action, uses, and adverse effects of drugs like morphine, fentanyl, codeine, and naloxone. Differences between drugs such as codeine and morphine should also be understood.

What should a student know about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Students should know the classification of NSAIDs, which is often asked as an essay. Specific drugs like paracetamol, aspirin, and ibuprofen are commonly examined, along with their uses, adverse effects, and the treatment of conditions like paracetamol poisoning.

What are the important topics in the general anesthesia chapter?

In general anesthesia, students should focus on the classification of general anesthetics, pre-anesthetic medications, ketamine, and their uses. Though general anesthesia is less common in dentistry, knowledge of these drugs is still essential.

What are the key drugs in the cardiovascular system chapter that are important for exams?

Important cardiovascular drugs include calcium channel blockers like amlodipine, nitroglycerin for angina, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and digoxin, which is used for heart failure and myocardial infarction.

What should students focus on in the chemotherapy chapter?

In chemotherapy, students should focus on the classification and mechanism of action of various antimicrobial drugs like penicillins, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines, as well as cancer chemotherapy and drug toxicity.

What are the important drugs related to the endocrine system in pharmacology?

Key drugs in the endocrine system include insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas for diabetes, and steroids like hydrocortisone. Misuse of steroids, especially anabolic steroids, and their side effects are also important topics.