Ilmu Negara 01 | Istilah dan Objek Ilmu Negara #politik #pemilu2024 #belajar #hukum #tutorial

Summary

This video tutorial delves into the foundations of 'Ilmu Negara' (State Science), a field that studies the principles, structure, and theories surrounding the state. The video explores the origins and terminology, tracing the concept's development from German and Dutch sources. It highlights key contributors like George Jellinek, regarded as the 'Father of State Science,' and discusses the relationship between state theory, constitutional law, and political science. The tutorial is beneficial for students and anyone interested in deepening their understanding of state theory in a universal and historical context.

Takeaways

• 📚 Staatslehre, the study of the state, is derived from German and Dutch terms and focuses on the investigation of the state, its characteristics, structure, and origins.
• 📖 The term Staatslehre was first coined by German scholar Georg Jellinek in his book, making him the father of Staatslehre.
• 🌍 Staatslehre, or the study of the state, is a universal and abstract concept that transcends time, place, and conditions.
• ⚖️ Staatslehre is closely related to public law, constitutional law, political science, and other disciplines focused on the study of the state.
• 🛡️ Staatslehre in Indonesia developed post-1945, influenced heavily by European concepts of state theory, especially those from ancient Greece and later German public law schools.
• 🏛️ Machiavelli's concept of the state in *The Prince* played a crucial role in shaping modern interpretations of state theory, particularly in Western Europe.
• 🌐 The term 'state' has both political and institutional meanings, with modern states being described as agencies of society regulating human relationships and governance.
• 👥 The key components of a state include a defined territory, a population, and a sovereign government, which are formal requirements rather than the essence of a state.
• 📝 UNESCO's role in standardizing the study of Staatslehre includes categorizing the field into political theory, institutions, and international relations, among others.
• 📊 Staatslehre distinguishes itself by examining the state in abstract terms, while other legal disciplines analyze states in specific contexts, grounded in time, place, and conditions.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the tutorial video?

The main focus of the tutorial is an introduction to 'Ilmu Negara' (Science of the State), covering the first of 30 topics that discuss the definitions, origins, and object of state science.

What is the origin of the term 'Ilmu Negara'?

The term 'Ilmu Negara' originates from the Dutch word 'statslire,' which was derived from the German term 'statslere.' It was introduced by a German scholar, Georg Jellinek, in his book 'Algemeinslere.'

Who is considered the father of 'Ilmu Negara' and why?

Georg Jellinek is considered the father of 'Ilmu Negara' due to his extensive investigation into the theory of the state, particularly highlighted in his book 'Algemeinslere.'

What does 'Ilmu Negara' primarily investigate?

'Ilmu Negara' investigates the nature, structure, forms, origins, and characteristics of the state in an abstract, universal, and timeless manner.

How does 'Ilmu Negara' relate to other fields of study?

'Ilmu Negara' is closely related to constitutional law, political science, and other fields that focus on the study of the state, such as public law and government systems.

What are the two meanings of the term 'state' in political science?

The term 'state' in political science refers to: 1) a political community or territory, such as India or Brazil, and 2) the central institution that governs and ensures the political unity of that territory.

What are some definitions of the state given by notable philosophers?

Aristotle defined the state as a union of families and villages aiming for the best possible life. Jean Bodin defined it as an association of families led by a sovereign power. Hans Kelsen defined it as a social structure governed by coercive rules.

What is the difference between the object of 'Ilmu Negara' and constitutional law?

The object of 'Ilmu Negara' is the abstract, universal concept of the state, while constitutional law focuses on the concrete, specific aspects of a state's legal and governmental framework.

How does 'Ilmu Negara' view the origins of the state?

'Ilmu Negara' examines the origins of the state not as a specific historical entity (like Indonesia or Japan), but as a general, abstract idea that exists in thought, investigating the concept of a state's emergence in universal terms.

What are the key components necessary for the existence of a state according to 'Ilmu Negara'?

According to 'Ilmu Negara,' the key components for the existence of a state are: 1) a defined territory, 2) a population, and 3) a sovereign government. These components are formal requirements, not the essence of the state.