Konsep Dasar Ilmu Negara

Summary

This video lecture discusses the foundational concepts of state science (Ilmu Negara). It covers key topics such as the definition of state science, the concept of a state, and its core components like the origin, nature, functions, and forms of a state. The lecture also explores various methodologies, including normative, empirical, and legal approaches, and the relationship between state science and other fields like constitutional law, international law, and political science. The content is presented through insights from notable scholars, with an emphasis on the systematic study of states and governance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ilmu Negara is the systematic study of the state, focusing on its origin, nature, functions, and systems of government.
• 😀 The term 'Ilmu Negara' combines 'ilmu' (knowledge) and 'negara' (state), distinguishing it from general knowledge by its organized, scientific approach.
• 😀 The scientific study of the state, or Ilmu Negara, relies on rational, logical, and systematic methods to explain state-related phenomena.
• 😀 George Jellinek is recognized as the founder of Ilmu Negara for his work in systematizing knowledge about the state in his book 'The General Theory of the State'.
• 😀 Jellinek's approach categorizes state knowledge into general (descriptive) and specific (specialized) aspects, establishing the foundation for the field of state science.
• 😀 Ilmu Negara uses both normative-legal and empirical-genetic schools of thought to explore the state from different perspectives.
• 😀 The normative-legal school focuses on analyzing the state from a legal and normative framework, using methods like deduction, philosophy, and legal analysis.
• 😀 The empirical-genetic school examines the state through historical, dialectical, functional, and comparative methods, focusing on real-world observations and developments.
• 😀 The relationship between Ilmu Negara and constitutional law (Hukum Tata Negara) highlights the abstract, theoretical nature of state science compared to the more concrete, legal study of specific countries and their constitutions.
• 😀 Ilmu Negara also intersects with administrative law (Hukum Administrasi Negara), providing theoretical foundations for the study of administrative regulations and governance systems.
• 😀 Ilmu Negara and political science (Ilmu Politik) share a focus on the state but differ in approach: Ilmu Negara studies the state as a stable entity, while political science examines the dynamic interactions and power struggles within states.

Q & A

What is the definition of *Ilmu Negara* (Political Science) based on the script?

According to the script, *Ilmu Negara* is the knowledge of the state, systematically organized and capable of explaining the phenomena of states worldwide. It includes the origins, nature, functions, and forms of states, as well as governance systems and the future of the state.

Who is George Jellinek and what is his contribution to the field of *Ilmu Negara*?

George Jellinek is a German legal scholar, known as the father of *Ilmu Negara*. He contributed to the field by writing 'The General Theory of the State,' which systematized knowledge about the state and categorized various aspects of political science.

What is the primary difference between 'pengetahuan' (knowledge) and 'ilmu' (science) as explained in the script?

'Pengetahuan' refers to information about something known to a person, while 'ilmu' is a more structured form of knowledge that is systematized and follows scientific methods to explain specific phenomena in a rational, logical, and organized manner.

What are the key aspects of a state, according to the definition provided by Jellinek and other scholars?

A state is defined as an independent political society with a sovereign government, occupying a specific territory. Its members are united with the aim of preserving order, preventing external threats, and maintaining internal peace.

What are the main streams or 'aliran' in *Ilmu Negara*?

The main streams in *Ilmu Negara* are the Normative Juridical Stream and the Empirical Stream. The former focuses on analyzing the state through legal norms, while the latter studies the state based on real-world data and historical realities.

What is the difference between the Normative Juridical Stream and the Empirical Stream in *Ilmu Negara*?

The Normative Juridical Stream focuses on analyzing the state from a legal perspective, using methods like deduction, philosophy, and law. The Empirical Stream, on the other hand, studies the state based on historical, functional, and comparative data, aiming to understand real-world state phenomena.

What methods are used in the Normative Juridical Stream of *Ilmu Negara*?

The methods in the Normative Juridical Stream include the Deductive Method, the Philosophical Method, the Systematic Method, and the Legal Method, all of which examine the state from various legal and normative angles.

How does the Empirical Stream approach the study of states?

The Empirical Stream uses methods such as the Historical Method, Dialectical Method, Functional Method, and the Syncretic Method. These methods analyze states from perspectives like their historical development, functions, and real-world dynamics.

What is the relationship between *Ilmu Negara* and Administrative Law (*Hukum Administrasi Negara*)?

*Ilmu Negara* provides the theoretical foundation for Administrative Law by discussing the abstract principles of governance. Administrative Law, however, focuses on specific regulations and rules that govern the functioning of government institutions.

How does *Ilmu Negara* differ from Political Science (*Ilmu Politik*)?

*Ilmu Negara* focuses on the state as a static entity, studying its structures, functions, and legal systems, while Political Science looks at the state in a dynamic, evolving context, examining power relations, political actors, and interactions within the political arena.