Biaya Produksi (Bagian 5) : Produksi dengan 2 Output

Summary

The video discusses the concept of production efficiency when a company produces two outputs using the same resources. It explains the product transformation curve, showing how joint production by one company is more efficient than if two companies produced the outputs separately. The degree of economies of scope (SC) is introduced as a measure of cost savings when one company produces two products compared to separate companies. If SC is positive, economies of scope exist, indicating greater efficiency, while a negative SC indicates diseconomies of scope, meaning less efficiency in joint production.

Takeaways

• 🔧 The discussion covers production costs with a focus on joint production of two outputs.
• 👨‍🏫 Teguh Warsito, a lecturer at PKN STAN, explains how using the same production facilities, marketing programs, and administration can make producing two outputs more efficient.
• 🔄 Joint production of two outputs by one company is more efficient compared to production by two separate companies with the same level of input.
• 📉 The concept is illustrated with a concave product transformation curve, representing efficient joint production.
• ⚙️ A dashed line represents the product transformation curve when two companies produce the two outputs separately, showing less efficiency.
• 📊 The key metric used to measure this efficiency is the 'Degree of Economies of Scope' (SC).
• 💰 SC is calculated as the percentage cost savings when two outputs are produced by one company instead of two separate companies.
• 📈 A positive SC indicates economies of scope, where joint production generates higher output with the same input.
• 📉 A negative SC reflects diseconomies of scope, meaning joint production produces less output than separate production.
• 📐 The formula for SC is based on the cost of producing each output separately versus jointly, showing how joint production is cost-effective.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the discussion in the transcript?

The main focus of the discussion is on the production costs and efficiency of producing two outputs, comparing production by a single company versus two separate companies.

What is a 'product transformation curve' as described in the transcript?

A product transformation curve shows the combinations of two different outputs that can be produced using a certain set of inputs. It is concave when both products are produced by one company, indicating efficiency.

How is efficiency measured when producing two outputs by one company?

Efficiency is measured by the degree of economies of scope, which calculates the percentage cost savings when producing two outputs with one company compared to two separate companies.

What is the formula for the degree of economies of scope (SC) mentioned in the transcript?

The formula for SC is: SC = [(C(Q1) + C(Q2) - C(Q1, Q2)) / (C(Q1) + C(Q2))], where C(Q1) and C(Q2) are the costs of producing one unit of each product by separate companies, and C(Q1, Q2) is the cost of producing both products jointly by one company.

What does it mean when SC is positive?

When SC is positive, it indicates economies of scope, meaning that producing two outputs with one company is more efficient and leads to cost savings compared to using two separate companies.

What does it mean when SC is negative?

When SC is negative, it indicates diseconomies of scope, meaning that producing two outputs with one company is less efficient and results in higher costs compared to using two separate companies.

Why is production by a single company more efficient as per the transcript?

Production by a single company is more efficient because it uses shared resources like production facilities, marketing, and administration, leading to cost savings and higher overall output.

What does the concave curve represent in the product transformation curve?

The concave curve in the product transformation curve represents the output combinations when both products are produced by one company, indicating greater efficiency.

What do the dashed lines in the product transformation curve represent?

The dashed lines in the product transformation curve represent the output combinations when the two products are produced by two separate companies, showing less efficiency compared to joint production.

How can joint production benefit companies in terms of output?

Joint production allows a company to produce a larger combined output with the same amount of input compared to two separate companies producing the same two products.