UTS Series: Self From the Anthropological Perspective
Summary
TLDRThis lecture discusses the concept of the self from an anthropological perspective, highlighting how human societies and cultures shape identity. Anthropology is introduced as the study of humanity, with a focus on biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological aspects. The relationship between culture and self is emphasized, illustrating how physical traits and cultural practices influence one another. The lecture explores individualism versus collectivism, with the Filipino concept of 'kapwa'—a relational understanding of self and others—playing a central role in the formation of Filipino identity.
Takeaways
- 📚 Anthropology is the study of humanity, focusing on the origin and development of human societies and cultures.
- 🧬 Biological anthropology studies the evolution of human beings, looking at how humans have developed over time.
- 🌐 Cultural anthropology examines learned behavior and how it varies across different environments and cultures.
- 🗣️ Linguistic anthropology explores how language influences social life and how we interact within society.
- 🏺 Archaeology investigates past human life through material remains, such as artifacts and architecture.
- 🌉 Physical features significantly influence the formation of a culture and how people behave within it.
- 🏠 Culture influences our physical body and how we perceive ourselves and others.
- 👥 Inculturation is the transmission of culture from one generation to the next, often through oral or written traditions.
- 🔄 Culture affects our self-concept, shaping our attitudes and behaviors according to societal norms.
- 🌐 Sociocentric cultures emphasize collectivism and interdependence, valuing the group over the individual.
- 💡 Ego-centric cultures promote individualism, where personal success and independence are highly valued.
Q & A
What is the definition of anthropology as mentioned in the script?
-Anthropology is defined as the study of humanity, particularly the origin and development of human societies and cultures.
What are the four main branches of anthropology discussed in the script?
-The four main branches of anthropology discussed are biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology.
How does the physical aspect of humans influence the formation of culture according to the script?
-The script suggests that the physical features of humans, such as the ability to walk upright and think, have a significant influence on the creation of culture.
What is the relationship between culture and the physical body as explained in the script?
-The script explains that culture influences how we deal with our physical body, and in return, our physical body also influences the culture we create.
What is the term for the transmission of culture from one generation to the next as mentioned in the script?
-The term used for the transmission of culture from one generation to the next is 'enculturation'.
How does culture affect the development of one's self-concept according to the script?
-Culture affects the development of one's self-concept by influencing attitudes, beliefs, practices, norms, rituals, and even family and societal behaviors.
What is the difference between sociocentric and egocentric views of self as discussed in the script?
-Sociocentric views focus on the group and interdependence, while egocentric views focus on individual self and personal goals.
How is the Filipino concept of self described in the script?
-The Filipino concept of self is described as collectivist, embodying relational being, focusing on harmony, interdependence, and respect for social relationships.
What is the significance of the term 'kapwa' in Filipino culture as explained in the script?
-The term 'kapwa' signifies a deep sense of unity with others, suggesting that one's identity is connected to relationships with other people, regardless of whether they are considered outsiders or not.
What is the assignment given at the end of the script for the students to reflect upon?
-The assignment is for students to reflect on their own culture as Filipinos and write down who they are based on their cultural understanding.
Outlines
🌟 Anthropology and the Concept of Self
The lecture introduces the topic of understanding the self from an anthropological perspective. Anthropology is defined as the study of humanity, including the origin and development of societies and cultures. The lecture outlines the different branches of anthropology: biological (physical) anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology. The anthropological perspective of the self is intrinsically linked to our societies and cultures, emphasizing the influence of our physical characteristics on the development of culture.
🧠 The Influence of Culture on the Self
This section discusses how our physical appearance influences the culture we develop and how, in turn, culture affects our physical body. It highlights the role of culture in shaping our identity and the transmission of culture from one generation to the next through inculturation, which can be oral or written. The summary also touches on how culture affects our attitudes, social control, and the norms that govern societal behavior.
🌐 Sociocentric vs. Egocentric Culture
The lecture contrasts sociocentric and egocentric cultures. Sociocentric cultures value collectivism, where the group's identity and success are paramount, while egocentric cultures emphasize individualism and personal success. It discusses how humans have elements of both sociocentric and egocentric tendencies, and how different cultures may encourage one over the other.
🤝 Filipino Concept of Self and Kapwa
This section delves into the Filipino concept of self, which is rooted in collectivism and relational being. It focuses on harmony, interdependence, and respect for social relationships. The concept of 'kapwa' is introduced, emphasizing a deep sense of unity and interconnectedness with others, whether they are considered outsiders or part of the community. The lecture suggests that Filipino culture values relationships and the collective over individualism.
📝 Assignment: Reflecting on One's Culture
The lecture concludes with an assignment for the students to reflect on their own culture from an anthropological perspective. They are asked to consider who they are based on the lessons learned about the Filipino concept of self and to write down their reflections, integrating the idea of relational identity and the importance of 'kapwa' in their culture.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Anthropology
💡Cultural Anthropology
💡Physical Anthropology
💡Linguistic Anthropology
💡Inculturation
💡Ego-centric Culture
💡Sociocentric Culture
💡Kapwa
💡Collectivism
💡Pakikipagkapwa-tao
Highlights
Anthropology is the study of humanity, including the origin and development of human societies and cultures.
Anthropological perspectives of the self are intrinsically linked to our societies and cultures.
Biological anthropology studies the evolution of human beings.
Cultural anthropology examines learned behavior and culture in specific environments.
Linguistic anthropology explores how language influences social life.
Archaeology investigates past human life through material remains.
Physical features have a significant impact on the formation of culture.
Culture influences how we perceive and deal with our physical bodies.
Inculturation is the transmission of culture from one generation to the next.
Culture shapes our attitudes and serves as a means of social control.
Filipino culture emphasizes collectivism and relational being.
The concept of 'kapwa' in Filipino culture signifies a deep understanding of relationships.
Filipino self-identity is connected to our relationships with others through 'pakikipagkapwa tao'.
The assignment is to reflect on one's own culture and write down who you are based on your culture.
Filipino culture values harmony, interdependence, and respect for social relationships.
Collectivistic cultures prioritize the group over the individual.
Individualistic cultures encourage independence and individual goals.
Sociocentric cultures value collectivism, while egocentric cultures value individualism.
Filipinos are both sociocentric and egocentric, balancing individual and community needs.
Transcripts
good everyone and once again welcome to
our class in understanding the s so our
topic for today is from the
anthropological
perspectives so bagang lahat ito muna
ang dapat nating matandaan or
maintindihan after natin matalakay itong
lesson na ito the end of this lon you be
able to exp the concept of s according
to anthropological
perspectives and then after that of
course we can relate the anthropological
perspectives of the self to
oneself But before we move on to
our discussion Let us first Uh define
anthropology So ano ba ang anthropology
Actually It came
from the Greek words
anop which means human
at saka logos meaning study So it is
study of
humanity so ang anthropology po is the
study of humanity particularly the
origin and development of human
societies and cultures k titingan origin
and then
how human societ devel
culture so when it comes to the
anthropological perspective of the
s Hindi po mawawala yung connection
natin sa ating societies as well as sa
kultura na meron
tayo so ang anthropology po ay
may biological
anthropology that is known as physical
anthropology which is the study of the
evolution of human beings So paano ba
nag-evolve yung human beings okay Kaya
nga po meron tayong pag-aaral about the
origin of the human
species especially kung saan talaga
nagmula ang tao so meron din tayong
tinatawag na cultural anthropologies or
anthropology ang cultural anthropology
pinapag-aral po dito yung learn behavior
groups of people in a specific
environment kasi iba't ibaang
environment iba't iba pong learn
behavior o yung tinatawag na kultura so
sa american american culture is
different from Philippine Culture Okay
so the next one is linguistic
anthropology Dito naman how language
influences social life language is very
powerful even ung yung paggamit natin ng
lenggwahe it actually influence how we
deal with other people in our society
and number four is archaeology okay ang
archaeology ay pinag pag-aralan po yung
past human past through material remains
like Ah yung mga nahuhukay sa kweba or
mayung
mga ung mga ah buildings or
architectures na ah
nabaon na sa lupa at nakikita nila
nahuhukay nila Like for example yung
yung nangyari sa sa kuweba dito sa
Pilipinas na meron silang Nahukay ng mga
ornaments it actually speaks about our
human past or about our past Ito po yung
mga hindi nagsalita
ors
nan yung buhay ng nakaraan So paano ba
nabubuo yung o how yourself emerge from
the philos from the anthropological
perspective sabi daw
dito ang ating daang physical
pictures ay malaki ang
impluwensya sa pagbuo ng isang
kultura okay yun po yung
katotohanan kasi Paano daw K ang tao ay
gumagapang at hindi nakakalakad ng tuwid
Anong magiging kultura ng
tao So kaya nga dahil tayo ay
nakakalakad ng matuwid at tayo ay
nakakapag-isip ang laki po ng naidudulot
ng ating physical picture sa paggawa ng
isang kultura
so dahil tayo ay tao tayo po ay mas
malaki ang ating utak and it actually
influence doon sa kung anong
kultura na gusto
nating Actually sinasabi din dito that
our
culture Punta ka sa mga tribo right sa
iba minsan nakikita mo ang dami nilang
Tato right Ang dami nilang Tato yung
kanilang katawan at ang laki ng
naidudulot ng kultura ng isang
community at ito y nakakaapekto sa
kanyang physical
pictures like in in Africa or in other
place meron silang mga kultura na yung
kanilang ano yung kanilang mga earrings
very big even here dito sa kanila tapos
ang habang buhok It also
influence the
way we form our physical body
Okay so kung ang physical pictures a
nakin kung
paano gumawa ng isang kultura Ganon din
po ang kultura in return it also
influence how we deal our physical body
Okay Like for example sa China Korea
makikita natin yung kanilang mga bahay
okay that is you know Iyung cultural
houses nila It is a material but
immaterial ay
intangible hindi nahawakan pero ang laki
ng impluensya nito kung paano tayo
mag-isip Paano tayo gumalaw at
makisalamuha sa tao even to feel okay
yung mga beliefs natin eticket rituals
and norms
So basically ag self according to
anthropological perspectives maka-focus
tayo doon sa kultura ng tao kaya nga
sinasabi dito na ang kultura is Actually
your
identity as a person yun yung self mo So
kung ang kulturang amerikano ay iba sa
kulturang Pilipino if you're a Filipino
then your identity as a self is bas on
your culture Okay so paano ba
natin nakikilala or natutunan ng isang
kultura it it can Actually learn
inculturation ang inculturation po is a
transmission of culture from one
generation to the next So kaya nga tayo
tinuturuan tayo na
magmano at itong mga picture na ito mag
religious at mag ah tulungin sa kapwa
kasi nga po tayo ay tinuturuan and when
say transm or inculturation it can be
oral tradition kwento stories pangaral
ng iyong tatay SAO orung parents sayo or
lolo mo o lola mo sayo It Could Be also
wr tradition yung mga nakasulat okay or
nakalimbag kung paano
nila sinusulat yung mga values ng
Filipinos or even our history or even
our threats or even our beliefs as
Filipinos So paano ba
nakaimpluwensya yung kultura sa pagbuo
ng self concept or concept ng ating
sarili so sinab sabi dito culture is the
way of life and it affects the
development of our attitude
din po serves as a means of social
control kinontrol tayo through beliefs
practices norms
rituals and even the eet sa pamilya
natin o sa lipunan where people behave
according to the norms of society kung
ano yung norms or standard na sinusunod
ng
ating cure shapes
Kaya nga po kapag hindi ka
nagmano ba sasabihan magmano ka kasi
dapat
ganon kasi ito ang norms natin ng
community kailangan
kang maging hospitable kasi nga ganon
ang Pilipino ganon tayo pinalaki
cultures affects perception perception
paniniwala natin sa mga bagaybagay
ang ang kultura din po ay
doon sa one's social group or ito ay
tinatawag na socially oriented
Okay other oriented or other centered
ang egocentric
naman It is a view of self focuses on
individual self pag sinabi nating
sociocentric Ah naka-focus
ito sa sa isang group Okay so ang ang
tingnan natin dito ay kapakanan ng grupo
buong grupo at ang egocentric naman ang
kapakanan ng sarili
Okay sa atin daw po as a human being or
as a human person Meron po tayong
dalawang sides nito we have Both of this
okay Meron po tayo
nito we we are sociocentric but at the
same time
egocentric because ang paging centri po
ay of course we have our own we have
also our own
dreams We also have our own um We also
wanted to become independent and to to
succeed in Whatever career we have so
that is being or being Uh egocentric
right kumbaga meron tayong inuuna natin
din ang ating sarili right tinitingnan
din natin ang ating pangang kailangan sa
pagiging isang
tao pero meron rin tayong sociocentric
in a s sense
that sa ating puso o sa ating kalooban
tinitingnan din natin ang kapakanan ng
iba May mga time mas inuuna natin yung
kapang kapakanan ng iba kaya sarili may
mga time naman meron kasi tayong mga
pangarap sa buhay na gusto nating maabot
na kailangan nating abutin kasi maging
masaya tayo dito and we become
okay but in in the sociocentric
culture in know self-centered and
egoistic behavior is devalued sa
egocentric culture
naman yung
individualistic Pursuit is highly
encouraged
Okay so meron tayong sociocentric and
egocentric within ourselves But there
are also
and
egocentric
culture So ano ba itong sociocentric and
egocentric culture ang sociocentric po
is more on
collectivism ang egocentric po is more
on individualism Okay kasi meron po
tayong individualistic culture and
collectivist culture or collectivistic
culture
ang individualistic culture
po
ay incourage nila yung pagiging
independent ng isang tao that is why it
is I
identity and it is mostly practic in
western culture Like Us in Europe ah
kasi incourage nila ang kanilang
mga anak yung mga tao sa lipunan na
maging
independent so the encourages individual
goals relying on others is seen as
shameful
Okay mas i-encourage nila Iyung
individual goals pag nag-relax
independent and people strive to be
successful in their own ways ang soci
centric naman is
collectivism in the collectivistic
culture
interdependence or interdependence is
highly
valued Kaya nga merong tinatawag na we
identity it is not I but we meaning to
say the whole community the group is
mostly practiced in Eastern culture like
in the Philippines in japan in China so
in the collectivistic culture everyone
supports each other and the rights of
families and communities come first ayan
hindi sarili kung ang komunidad at
pamilya ine-encourage din nila to do
what is best for the community rather
than for themselves mas pinahalagaan
nila yung collaboration
and rules foster Unity and
Brotherhood so
kumbaga ako namuhay sa isang community
at ang success ng community ay success
ko hindi po ako
lang so sa collectivistic
culture again I repeat pinapahalagan
yung group more than ones and it belongs
to
understanding of
culture sa egocentric naman belong dito
yung
individualism na ang pinapahalagahan
ay
Independence as well as yung Success ng
individual so gaya ng sinabi
ko kapag Filipino self ang pinag-uusapan
or concept of self Filipino concept of
self
our concept of self is collectivism
rather than
individualism at ang Filipino self
embodies relational being focusing on
Harmony interdependence and respect for
social
relationships so since
Filipino concept of s embodies a
relational being and focusing on
interdependence and respect for social
relationships I think it is
connected to the concept of
kapwa that the
Filipino self identity is eded in our
relationship with other people through
pakikipagkapwa
tao so the word
Kwa which is translated as other in
is actually
not a definite or exact
translation of this
word since the word kapwa is not just
another but a Unity obs
another so you cannot separate an i to
the other when we talk about
Kwa Okay Dito po meron pong tinatawag na
ibang tao outside ID at hindi ibang tao
or One Of Us
Okay sa sa salitang sa way kang Pilipino
So ano ba yung ibang tao or outsider pag
outsider nakipagdeal tayo sa outsider
yun yung pakikitungo okay Doon
pakikitungo pakikibagay or conformity
pakikisama or level of adjusting Kahit
na hindi mo siya gusto outsider okay
makikisama ka lang Okay para walang gulo
di ba pero meron din naman tayong level
ng hindi ibang tao or One Of Us ito yung
pakikipag lagayang loob or level of
mutual trust and pakikiisa
kapag hindi siya ibang tao or
outsider pero sa sa concept of
kapwa whether you are an outsider or
not embrace all of this Okay i-embrace
niya yung lahat kahit na ikaw outsider
or kahit na ikaw ay hindi
outsider the concept of Papa is
embracing all of
this Kaya nga ang pakikipagkapwa
tao ay mas Hindi ka pwedeng magsabi
na Ang pakikisama ay pwedeng walang
pakikipagkapwa tao right pwedeng
nakisama ka lang pero hindi pwede
yung sabihin mo na nakikipag kapwa tao
ka na walang pakisama right so kapwa
is deeper than all of this because it
embrace whether you are an outsider or
not meaning to say you have to to give
respect to that person not just a
respect for that person but you treating
that
person even you do not know that or you
You do not know that person as hindi na
ibang tao whether hindi mo siya kilala
or kilala p nakikipag kapwa tao ka it it
goes Actually a very deep understanding
of a relationship between you and other
people so Filipino culture is more
collec rather than
individualistic but we will not forget
that when it comes to our understanding
of the
s Filipinos are
relational at pag sinabi nating
relationship hindi nawawala yung word na
kapwa or
pakikipag that is our identity as
Filipinos
na tayo ay
nakikipag
Because is we are as
Filipinos we valu other people we Val
the particular group at nakikipag ta
tayo so a person starts kapwa not
because of recn of status
shared
identity Okay Theo or ego and the iba sa
akin others are one and the same in
kapwa psychology hindi ako iba sa aking
kapwa once ako starts Thinking of
himself as different from kapwa the self
in effect denies the status of kapwa to
the other Okay so to end this
class Ito po yung ating
Reflection okay or
assignment who am i based on the
anthropological perspectives Sino ba ako
base sa sa lesson na pinag-aralan
natin So that will be your assignment
try to
reflect about your own culture as
Filipinos and try to write down who you
are based on your culture
Thank you so much and have a good day to
all
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