Class 2: An Introduction to Grammar and Grammars: Traditional Grammar
Summary
TLDRThis video explores traditional grammar, tracing its roots back to Aristotle and emphasizing its descriptive nature over prescriptive. It contrasts with generative grammar by focusing on specific languages' grammars rather than a universal one. Traditional grammar examines intraclausal relationships, like subject-predicate, and interclausal relationships, including coordination and subordination. The video promises to delve into the differences between these concepts in future classes.
Takeaways
- 📚 Traditional grammar is influenced by various schools of grammar and linguistics over the years.
- 👴 It dates back to Aristotle, who was among the first to define the sentence into subject and predicate.
- 🌐 Traditional grammar is descriptive, focusing on what different languages look like, not prescriptive about what should or shouldn't be said.
- 🔍 It is concerned with the description of specific grammars, such as English, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese, rather than a universal grammar.
- 🔄 Traditional grammarians describe 'intra-clausal' relationships, which are the relationships inside the clause.
- 🔗 It also describes 'inter-clausal' relationships, which are the relationships between clauses.
- 📝 'Intra-clausal' relationships involve functions like subject and predicate that constitute the sentence.
- 🔄 'Inter-clausal' relationships can be either coordination (e.g., 'She arrived and I left') or subordination (e.g., 'She left when I arrived').
- 📈 The script mentions that traditional grammar will be compared with generative grammar in future classes.
- 👍 The speaker encourages viewers to like, subscribe, and share the video to support the channel's growth.
Q & A
What is traditional grammar?
-Traditional grammar is a descriptive approach to language that has evolved over the years with influences from various schools of grammar and linguistics. It dates back to Aristotle and focuses on describing the structure of different languages rather than prescribing what should or should not be said.
Who was the first thinker to define the sentence into subject and predicate?
-Aristotle was the first thinker to define the sentence into subject and predicate.
What is the primary focus of traditional grammarians?
-Traditional grammarians focus on describing the grammar of specific languages, such as English, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese, rather than a universal grammar.
What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammar?
-Descriptive grammar describes the actual usage of language, while prescriptive grammar dictates how language should be used.
What does 'intra-clausal' mean in the context of traditional grammar?
-In traditional grammar, 'intra-clausal' refers to the relationships that exist within a clause, such as the relationship between the subject and the predicate.
What functions constitute a sentence according to traditional grammar?
-According to traditional grammar, the functions that constitute a sentence include the subject noun phrase and the predicate phrase, where the subject is realized by a category that functions as a head of the subject and the predicate is headed by a verb.
What are the two types of relationships described by traditional grammar?
-Traditional grammar describes two types of relationships: coordination and subordination.
Can you provide an example of coordination in a sentence?
-An example of coordination is 'She arrived and I left,' where two clauses are joined by the conjunction 'and.'
Can you provide an example of subordination in a sentence?
-An example of subordination is 'She left when I arrived,' where one clause is dependent on another.
What is the role of a verb in a sentence according to traditional grammar?
-In traditional grammar, a verb typically heads the predicate of a sentence and is essential for the sentence's structure.
What will be discussed in the next class according to the script?
-In the next class, the basics of generative grammar will be discussed.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Traditional Grammar
The video begins by introducing the concept of traditional grammar, which has evolved over time with influences from various linguistic schools. It traces its origins back to Aristotle, who first defined the sentence structure into subject and predicate. The presenter clarifies that traditional grammar is descriptive, focusing on what languages are like rather than prescriptive rules on what should be said. Unlike generative grammar, which explores universal grammar (UG), traditional grammar is concerned with specific languages' grammars, such as English, Spanish, or Chinese. The video outlines the two types of relationships traditional grammar describes: intraclausal (within the clause) and interclausal (between clauses), including coordination and subordination. The presenter promises to delve into the differences between these concepts in future classes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Traditional Grammar
💡Descriptive Grammar
💡Aristotle
💡Generative Grammar
💡UG (Universal Grammar)
💡Intra-clausal Relationships
💡Inter-clausal Relationships
💡Subordination
💡Coordination
💡Predicate
💡Subject
Highlights
Traditional grammar has its roots in historical linguistics and has been influenced by various schools of thought.
Aristotle was the first to define the sentence into subject and predicate.
Traditional grammar is descriptive, not prescriptive.
Traditional grammar focuses on the description of multiple languages, not just one.
Generative grammarians are concerned with universal grammar, unlike traditional grammarians.
Traditional grammarians describe specific grammars such as English, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese.
Traditional grammar describes the relationships inside the clause.
Intra-clausal relationships are the internal relationships between subject and predicate.
The predicate is made up of functions that constitute the sentence.
Intra-clausal relationships involve categories such as subject noun phrase and adverbial phrase.
Inter-clausal relationships are between clauses A and B, C, etc.
There are two types of inter-clausal relationships: coordination and subordination.
Coordination involves clauses like 'She arrived and I left'.
Subordination involves clauses like 'She left when I arrived'.
The difference between subordination and coordination will be explained in future classes.
The key concepts of traditional grammar are introduced.
The next class will discuss the basics of generative grammar.
Encouragement to like, subscribe, and share the video for growth.
Transcripts
[Music]
hi today we will took a old traditional
grandma the first question we would like
to answer is what is traditional grammar
this is known as he answered traditional
grammar has received influences from a
number of schools of grammar and
linguistics throughout the years in fact
traditional grammar dates back to
Aristotle who was the first thinker
probably to define the sentence into
subject and predicate so as you can
imagine a lot has been said since then
so for the sake of clarity we will
impose upon ourselves a number of
constraints that will enable us to
define what we will call traditional
grammar the traditional grammar is a
descriptive grammar not a descriptive
grammar that is it would not tell us
what we should say I should not say it
would tell us what different languages
look like it's important to notice that
I have used the term languages not
language that is traditionally Romanians
are concerned with the description of
different languages not only one
language as we will see it is generative
Ramires that are concerned with the
description and explanation of one
grammar known as ug or universal grammar
stated before traditional grammarians
are not concerned with the description
of a universal grammar but with the
description of specific grammars such as
the grammar of English the realm of
Spanish the realm of Chinese the grammar
of Japanese so what is it described
number one flesh and grammars will
describe insert closer relationships
that is the relationships that there
exist inside the clause number two they
will describe insert closer
relationships that is the relationships
that there exists between closed a and
plus B and plus C as we will see these
are relationships of subordination and
nation so what does the into a closer
mean my intercostal we mean the
relationships that there exist inside
the course for instance the
relationships that hold between subject
and predicate as we will see sucker the
predicate are functions that constitute
the sentence these functions assigned
categories such as subject noun phrase
app regular phrase and in turn the
subject is in this case realized by a
category problem that functions as a
head of the subject and the predicate is
headed by a category verb in this case
the verb left
so like intra closer relations we mean
the functions and capture is the
constitute the clause or sentence so
insert closer means the relationship
that the resists between close a and
close be as we will see there are two
types of relationships coordinations she
arrived and i left and subordination she
left when I arrived so what's the
difference between subordination and
coordination that is a question we will
answer in future classes so these are
the key concepts of traditional grammar
in our next class we will discuss the
basics of generative grammar and
remember if you like our videos please
like subscribe and share that will
enable us to grow Thanks
you
[Music]
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