Panay Bukidnon Culture
Summary
TLDRIn the 1980s and 1990s, Dr. Alicia Margos, along with research assistants and local guides, explored the mountains of Central Panay, Philippines, to study the indigenous Bukidnon people. These expeditions aimed to document epic chanting traditions, verify the presence of ancestral mountain communities, and understand their way of life. The Bukidnon, descendants of mountain dwellers, live sustainably through farming, hunting, weaving, and charcoal-making. Their culture is preserved through epic chants, crafts, and rituals, with efforts to digitize and preserve these traditions for future generations, spearheaded by Dr. Margos and local leaders like Federico Caballero.
Takeaways
- 🌄 The research by Dr. Alicia Margos focused on exploring the mountains of Central Panay with the NCIP Region 6 personnel in the early 1980s.
- 👥 In 1991 and 1992, Dr. Margos organized her own research group to study the Panay Bukidnon, with the support of UPV Iloilo research assistants and local guides.
- 📜 The purpose of these expeditions was to gather information about the Panay Bukidnon's epic chanting traditions and verify their presence in interior areas.
- 👩👧👧 Dr. Margos documented the lives of 84-year-old women chanters and others who were descendants of mountain people in Iloilo, tracing their origins to coastal migration due to colonization.
- 🏞️ The Panay Bukidnon communities were observed living in bamboo houses and relying on farming, fishing, and weaving for their livelihood.
- 🍚 Farming activities included cultivating Visayan rice varieties and root crops, while weaving with bamboo and rattan was a common practice to augment their income.
- 🪕 Panay Bukidnon culture features unique tools, traditional techniques, and practices for hunting and gathering food from rivers and forests.
- 🎶 Epic chanting is central to Panay Bukidnon culture, with stories of mythical characters serving as both entertainment and teaching tools for younger generations.
- 🏆 Federico Caballero, a master of epic chanting, was awarded the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasure) award in 2004 for his work in preserving the tradition.
- 📚 Dr. Margos has digitized and published the Panay Bukidnon epics with the University of the Philippines, ensuring their preservation and accessibility for future generations.
Q & A
Who explored the mountains of central Panay in 1980 and 1989, and who accompanied her?
-Dr. Alicia Margos explored the mountains of central Panay, accompanied by NCIP Region Six field personnel.
What was the purpose of Dr. Margos’ 1991 and 1992 expeditions to the mountains of central Panay?
-The purpose of the expeditions was to explore the Panayan and Holo Woodland barangays, and to verify the presence and distribution of epic chanting in these areas.
What are some of the names historically used to refer to the mountain people of interior Panay?
-The mountain people were historically referred to by names such as 'Montes' by Johanna, 'Mundos' by Aldama, and 'Solured' by Johanna.
How do the Bukidnon of Panay sustain themselves in their environment?
-The Bukidnon sustain themselves through farming rice, planting root crops, making charcoal, and weaving. They also trap wild animals and fish using traditional methods.
What are some traditional tools and items found in Bukidnon households?
-Traditional tools include the 'santoku' (knife), 'musong' (mortar and pestle), and 'target' (bamboo or wood tool for digging). They also use traps for hunting and tools like the 'bores' for transporting rice.
How do the Bukidnon preserve their culture through epic chanting?
-Epic chanting, or 'Sugidanon,' is a way for the Bukidnon to preserve their cultural heritage. These chants tell stories about their ancestors, mythical characters, and important historical events.
Who is Federico Caballero, and why is he significant?
-Federico Caballero is a National Living Treasure (Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan) recognized for his mastery of ten epic chants or 'Sugidanon.' He is from a family of chanters and played a key role in preserving Bukidnon epics.
What steps have been taken to preserve and popularize the epics of Panay Bukidnon?
-Efforts include the digitization of epic chants, transcriptions, translations into multiple languages, and the creation of e-books and hard copies. Dr. Margos also facilitated the establishment of the School for Living Traditions (SLT) to teach these skills.
What role does the School for Living Traditions play in the preservation of Bukidnon culture?
-The SLT helps pass down cultural knowledge by teaching children epic chanting, weaving, dancing, and playing traditional musical instruments. Elders serve as teachers to preserve these skills for future generations.
What are some traditional Bukidnon dances, and what do they symbolize?
-Traditional dances like the 'Binanog' and 'Eaglehawk' dance symbolize Bukidnon heritage. The dances are inspired by ancient ancestors who were good dancers, and performers wear traditional attire made from ancient coins and intricate embroidery.
Outlines
🗺️ Exploration of the Central Panay Mountains (1980-1990s)
In the 1980s, Dr. Alicia Margo explored the mountains of Central Panay with NCIP Region VI personnel. Later, she formed her own research team to document indigenous peoples, particularly focusing on the Panayan and Holo-Woodland communities. The research aimed to understand the distribution of epic chanting and confirm the identity of these mountain peoples, who are theorized to have descended from coastal inhabitants forced inland by colonizers. Margo’s work uncovered valuable insights into the livelihoods, living conditions, and cultural practices of these communities, shedding light on their migration patterns and connection to the environment.
🌿 Farming, Charcoal Making, and Craftsmanship in Bukidnon Communities
The Bukidnon people lead self-sustaining lives centered on farming, charcoal production, and craftsmanship. They cultivate rice, root crops, and coffee, with root crops becoming essential during lean months. Their crafting skills, especially weaving bamboo and rattan, are widely practiced to fulfill daily needs and generate additional income. They also hunt wild animals using traps and gather food from rivers and forests. Despite external influences, their connection to nature remains integral to their culture, reflected in their respect for spirit beings and reliance on traditional healing methods.
📜 Epic Chanter Federico Caballero: A Living Cultural Treasure
Federico Caballero, recognized as a National Living Treasure in 2004, is a master of ten epic stories, part of a long oral tradition called 'sugidanon.' Coming from a family of epic chanters, Caballero preserves the legacy of his ancestors, who were also shamans and cultural arbiters. The epics, passed down through generations, narrate stories of mythical figures and serve as both entertainment and lessons for the younger generations. They reveal much about the worldview and social structure of the ancestors of the Panay Bukidnon, enriching the cultural heritage of the region.
🎶 Preserving the Legacy of Sugidanon and Traditional Arts
Dr. Alicia Margo and Federico Caballero worked to preserve the ancient epics and cultural practices of the Panay Bukidnon. Traditional dances like the Binanog, intricate embroidery inspired by the environment, and musical instruments like the gongs are still taught in informal schools, known as the School of Living Traditions (SLTs). These schools keep the culture alive, passing down knowledge to younger generations through activities like epic chanting and traditional crafts, helping preserve a rich heritage that continues to shape the identity of the Panay Bukidnon people.
📚 Efforts to Digitize and Publish the Panay Bukidnon Epics
Dr. Alicia Margo has led efforts to digitize and transcribe the Panay Bukidnon epics, transforming them from vulnerable tape recordings into digital formats. With the assistance of UP Visayas, these epics are now being published in various languages, including Kinaray-a, Filipino, and English. The goal is to ensure these stories remain accessible to future generations. Margo calls upon scholars to continue researching these epics and the culture of the Bukidnon, emphasizing that preserving and sharing this knowledge is crucial to keeping the heritage alive.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Bukidnon
💡Epic Chanting
💡Panay
💡Sugidanon
💡Dr. Alicia Margo
💡Federico Caballero
💡Sugidanon School for Living Traditions
💡Bamboo House
💡Trap Making
💡Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)
Highlights
In 1989, Dr. Alicia Margos explored the mountains of Central Panay for 10 days with NCIP Region 6 field personnel.
In 1991-1992, Dr. Margos organized her own research group to explore the heartland of Panay, with UPV Iloilo research assistants and a local guide.
The aim of the expeditions was to study the presence and distribution of epic chanting traditions in Central Panay.
Dr. Margos encountered an 84-year-old chant maiden and learned that mountain inhabitants were descendants of indigenous people who once lived on the coast.
Her research theorized that the people of Central Panay moved inland to the mountains following the course of two major rivers, Halawod and Panay.
The Bukidnon communities of Central Panay are descendants of the Montez or Mundos people, living in bamboo houses and practicing agriculture.
These mountain dwellers rely on farming rice, coffee, root crops, and weaving bamboo and rattan products to sustain their livelihood.
The Bukidnon communities also practice traditional hunting methods, such as setting traps for wild boars and deer.
Epic chanting, or 'sugidanon,' forms a crucial part of the cultural heritage of the Panay Bukidnon people, passed down through generations.
Federico Caballero, a master epic chanter, was awarded the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) in 2004 for his role in preserving the epic chanting tradition.
The epics are rich with stories of mythical heroes like Humadapnon and Labaw Donggon, centering on romance, adventure, and social values.
Dr. Margos facilitated the digital preservation of these epics, converting tape recordings to DVDs and securing their transcription and translation into multiple languages.
The preservation efforts include creating an e-book and hard copy publications to further research and dissemination of the Bukidnon culture and epics.
School programs, called the School for Living Traditions (SLT), were established to teach epic chanting, weaving, and traditional music to the younger generation.
The work of Dr. Margos and Federico Caballero secured the recognition of the Panay Bukidnon as an indigenous group, ensuring the survival of their cultural legacy.
Transcripts
in 1980 and 1989
yippie Visayas based on topologies dr.
Alicia
margos had a chance to explore the
mountains of central Pinay for ten days
with a group of ncip region six field
personnel taking the eastern route to
central panel with interior tapas copies
as the target two years later in 1991
and 1992 she organized her own group
composed of UPV Iloilo research
assistants
anarres le Mosul and Judith Bobbito
along with a hollow woodland youth
Ricardo chimeric serving as the guide in
her journey to the heartland of Panay
why is agencies facilitated funding
support recognizing that there is a
dearth of information in this area of
research the purpose of that trip was to
see more of the pond yayan and holo
woodland barren guys she as well
verified the presence and distribution
of epic chanting in these areas it was
during that Trek that she was able to
see an 84 year old kept maiden as well
as women chanters who were sisters or
close relatives of a benefit she also
learned that the people inhabited the
Interior mountains of the past copies
and Kelleen of Iloilo are descendants of
mountain people of interior pnai
previously called by various names
Montez by Johanna mundos by Aldama
and so lured by Johanna she theorized
that their origin was once the coast
before the colonizers came in
but move to the farm mountains following
the course of two major rivers Hollywood
and pnai rivers dr. Makos also explored
center panel in the early 1990s to
clarify and strongly established the IP
identity of an I became known and
thereby clarifying their ethnic name all
Mountain dwellers in central panel
covering the four provinces upon I
bukidnon the use of the names Halle
Woodman and I yawn yawn yawn yawn and
Erin on our names referring to their
source of sustenance the Halawa and pan
a weaver respectively
living in mineral or grips and houses
these villagers must have come from the
Seacoast
but move to the interior and near water
bodies the rivers and tricks in bukidnon
house is usually a one-room affair that
is elevated from the ground by bamboo
poles and is made of bamboo and the
father who won a common fixture in the
household is a do young and a Miss own
where they pound the rice other tools
and materials that you can find inside
their houses are the following
santoku a long black knife for cutting
musong and hollow a mortar and pestle
for pounding rice target a bamboo or
wood sharpened at the end for digging
holes bow in a small River endoscopy
tied to once waste containing rice seeds
the bores is a big woven container made
of bamboo strips for containing caverns
of rice and a wok a bolo
it is from the canoe pond or land the
mountains hills and patches of land
where they form and get the Visayan
varieties of rice such as Messiah and
malodor while working on the farm there
were songs being sung to entertain
themselves their lives in the mountains
focused around tilling the land in
searching the environment for their
sustainance fighting in farming is a
common activity they also make charcoal
that they sell to the lowlands the
bukidnon spent arts of trekking through
a rugged trail and rivers carrying their
products to the nearby market by means
of a short bamboo pole called - um -
hang on this balances whatever it is
that they are transporting in their
bodies and makes the baggage bearable
they also plant coffee Amaka
Gabi palawan and other root crops root
crops are staples during lean months
when rice is not available weaving is a
common activity for the bukidnon because
of the availability of bamboo and rattan
products from these are used in their
everyday chores and are sold to augment
their needs it is in the cattle unum or
forest where they trap wild animals
using Milotic limba owned and bleep it
they place traps for wild animals such
as legged wild boars and deers a limb
bone is a hole big enough to trap the
animal with sharp pointed bamboo sticks
or Luba and cover it on top with leaves
cieaned or bug hood is a hanging rope
serving a strap sep on a branch of a
sloping area the pig lopaka curved
branch
Dimpy set under a tree and once the
safety is released the pigs legs is
caught the Liuba also a chopped works
when a wild boar jumps on it and if it
is hit by a pointed stick the farmer or
hunter traces the blood to locate it it
is in the cut to be gun or water bodies
such as rivers waters Springs and
streams where they get food also by
chopping fish and freshwater shrimps
wicked non children also make the
waterfalls as their playing ground
belanov is a method of catching
endogenous little fishes in the river
hole door knob by using a cloth tied on
the neck some traditional techniques
used for gathering food are the
following but the one where branches of
trees are placed on one part of the
river for water to flow and allow fishes
and crustaceans to come in the own a
fish trap or a woman bamboo chart is set
against the flow of the river current to
allow fish to come be now gone a fish
trap with a bait pot one inside it is
similar to a cone a pond is a huge
bamboo trap set on the intersection of
the river where in two sides of the
flowing water goes to the trap diving
down the deep part of the river armed
with a bus light pointed Eva or Lance
using a lengthy to protect the eyes and
see clearly through the water the big
fishes and freshwater shrimps
so Laura pa'dar mom are catching fishes
crabs and crustaceans and the early
evening by using a torch to attract
these fishes and crustaceans respect to
the spirit beings inhabiting the forests
the rivers and the land prevails in the
bukidnon psyche despite having
missionaries coming from the lowland and
Western medicines reaching the bookid
once they are still strongly attached to
the Bible honest and the muharram that
offer cure and provides advice after a
day's work a night with Eden would
listen to the elder members of the
family who would sing sugi-dono these
are epics that tells the exploits of the
mythical characters of whom adopt none
labelled dong-geun malecon yahwah and
others epics are sang are chanted long
stories handed down mostly by capped
maidens our benefit the epic chance give
lessons and shows the worldview and
social structure of the epoch people the
ancestors of the pan I became known it
also serves a syllabus for children and
as entertainment its theme are mostly
about romance and adventure who know the
traditional reading figures in the lives
of the bukidnon as it is a time for fist
and celebration people come to join the
celebration and enjoy the rapid day of
the bride and groom's parents
Federico Caballero - ohon was awarded
the Gama ba or the National living
treasure by the National Commission for
culture and the arts in the year 2004
epic literature this is for his mastery
of the ten epochs or sous-vide a non
soggy Bannon comes from the term su give
to tell or narrate he comes from a
family of at least five generations of
epic chapters his great-grandparents are
mostly chanters or mono so given on
Babylon or shamans and Monocacy arbiters
this is from the lineage of envelope in
to anger on who is Lula Sousa his
siblings are also good epic chanters by
emo will be among the oil or moola the
lon rodolfo entire sea a beer on good
chanters come from the family with a
benefit lineage benefit is a maiden
jealously hidden from the eyes of man
and commands a high bride gift at the
early age of four or five or even before
the girl is born the child is already
pledged for marriage to a young boy as
agreed by the parents
this is sealed by a Taurus a precious
material or gift to seal the agreement
in the course of dr. mother's research
she has collected a series of sugi-dono
stories about the adventures of
different characters that revolves
around the land and sea a total of 10
epic stories of 13 volumes were
gathering this article column where pi
boron goes to a hunting spree with his
dog the comb and cuts a magical bamboo
tree all by masala Don a great witch and
monster Umberto Chi tells of a hermit
woman or an ugly monster who owns a gold
pubic hair and took to her care two
beautiful young girls very calm father
is about a gold medallion but Sinan lion
offers for marriage to a lovely benefit
map anion who was already pledged in a
child marriage tool about dong Geun
hence conflict follows Bella knockin on
the other hand tells about a warrior who
goes to Hollywood to pursue Matt an iron
but was interrupted by 71 at the river
began and ends with a fight where Berlin
Ocwen was defeated
Columbus is about a huge crowd Ramos and
Laden a man from the underworld fells in
love with Matt an iron and commands
column PI to disguise as an island to
deceive her Laguna a diet II from the
upper world fells in love with a lovely
matt an iron silicon ion is about Matt
an eye on who is now wife of La Belle
Dugan who longs for her sister in Alexa
ping gun and persuades La Belle Dugan to
get her from Sinag nyan and make her his
wife to come adapt known in his story of
floorball use talks about home addict
moon one which is about the Quran ban
who baduk moon to which is the belukha
de Bie kuma Duckman three home now and
humid upland fourth begin la one this is
by far the longest of the epochs with
three-month storytelling they tell of
humid uplands pursuant firmly their
wedding and misunderstandings
Alejo is about a sweet scented flower
the beautiful militant yahwah was
pursued by the handsome adapt known
using a garland of sweet-scented flowers
called Alejo Nabu he's a ceremonial
ritual where are you
now an old woman gets sick and performs
a ceremony of power transferred to her
daughter Molly all conflicts in the epic
I settled with loud Cena as arbiter or
my new casaya
when federico kabalyero became a gamma
awardee even later on I was built in
Quran and later in a colada to propagate
the culture every Saturday children
would go to school and learn about epic
chanting weaving and playing musical
instruments so LS banana dancing the
school for living traditions are
informal schools with living elders
serving as masters teaching the children
with skills during weekends there were
eight more SLPs built in Cali new yellow
and the masks apiece segi Danone or epic
chanting gives lessons and entertainment
and as far as children to learn the
skills of elders and their ancestors
banana banks and Eaglehawk dance
mentioned in the sous vide on own still
survives today
to remind the younger generation of
ebony ancestors who are good dancers
women who dance spin alone where sigh :
headdress winning Kieth necklace and the
oneplus belt which are all made of
ancient coins panel walk is a special
needle work in traditionally designed
form of embroidery most of which are
inspired by plants and animals in the
environment and by the epic characters
and are being embroidered in the clothes
of bookid nuns that are used during
special occasions this also have sevilla
comma designs inspired by the skin of
the python snake and matin poonai that
is patterned after the eyes of the pune
bird an epic character in the Alejo a
child with interest in any other
traditional musical instruments are
thought or encouraged to learn the
following Gong leap get the combo so
Gong Gong Sabine bija or Kuja be Kuja P
is a string instrument likened to a
guitar
aside from epic chanting there are other
other literature's that are sang by the
book ignorance this are allow hi i'm
bahar paljah and below allow high are
long stories but shorter than the epics
and told in a chanting style I'm behind
on the other hand are chanted lines sang
by the elders when they gather it
expresses a longing or parting the lot
is a chanted repartee with a general
theme centered on love between a couple
a young man and a woman or a parent and
child
Walt Alda which is also a chanted
repartee is used to outwit or indirectly
insult in a subtle manner the other
person
23 years had elapsed since we first
started working on the ethics of a knife
the sugidama and now we want to show to
this present generation that these
epochs are their very own to value and
to carry dr. Marquez has facilitated the
digitalising of the epics from the
sensitive tape recording to DVDs with
the assistance of the UPP element colors
of music they were transcribed and
encoded with the help of our researchers
the archive documents of the ten epochs
with breaking volumes at the Center for
s design studies were secured and later
on translated to canary a Filipino and
English eventually it will be an e-book
copies and hard copies we shall all be
published by the U P press there are
many more that needs to be done and dr.
Marquez invites scholars and cultural
workers to continue research on the
ethics in the bukidnon culture the words
of dr. Marquez and math agree has gone
far because of the dedication that they
gave to resurrect a dying culture in the
heartland of pnai we are now recipients
of a rich cultural heritage the place of
the pnai bukidnon and their recognition
as an endogenous group has been secured
it is a legacy that dr. Alicia Margo's
and gababa awardee Federico Caballero
have bestowed upon us the panel Janos
26 years that loves since I started
exploring central tonight for the
presence of the ethics
I started translating the ethics 23
years ago and now we have published epic
coin which is about to come out I wish
to thank the University of the
Philippines for making possible the
publication of the ethics as well as its
popularization
nobody in my
fiberlite not a new find a body and a
video harem don't ah da Barra doughnut
machine guru by da Oh messy Oh bye Tony
paparazzi Funai Matta boxy man I
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